2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit8GreenLivinglesson1練習(xí)含解析北師大版必修3

PAGEUnit8GreenLivingLesson1詞匯學(xué)問·自主學(xué)習(xí)Ⅰ.依據(jù)語境寫出正確的單詞或短語1.beknownas“Just-me-ism”被稱為“唯我獨(dú)尊”2.can’tbebotheredtopickitup 懶得去撿它3.millionsofgallonsofwater 數(shù)百萬加侖的水4.theworld’sbest-knownexpertonwildchimpanzees 世界上最聞名的野生黑猩猩專家5.breakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight 打破磚墻以獲得光明6.therootsofaplant 植物根部7.makeafirmfoundation 打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)

8.involvepeoplewithbusinessprocesses 讓人們參加到業(yè)務(wù)流程中9.makeadogwagitstail 讓狗搖尾巴

10.setupaninstitute 創(chuàng)立一家機(jī)構(gòu)Ⅱ.依據(jù)語境寫出正確的短語1.Maryfeltherselfforcedtotakeaction(實(shí)行行動(dòng))todefendherself.

2.DuringtheOlympicGames,journalistsfromallaroundtheworld(全世界)cametocovertheevents.

3.Iwon’tbothertodo(懶得做某事)thosetiringanduselessthings.

4.CitieslikeBeijingsufferfrom(遭遇)terriblesmog,andraincanhelpclearawaypollutedair.

5.Hewasdeterminedtodonatehismillionsof(數(shù)百萬)dollarstobuytheequipmentfortheresearch.

6.Theschemehasbeensetup(設(shè)立)tohelphomelesspeople.

7.Inadditionto(除……之外)readingsomepoems,wereadsomenovels.

8.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingadifference(有影響)intheworld.

9.TheForbiddenCityisknownas(作為……而出名)oneofthelargestconstructionsintheworld.

10.Myfriendbegantopickup(好轉(zhuǎn))afterstayinginhospitalforseveraldays.

Ⅲ.依據(jù)課文補(bǔ)全句式1.Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,butsowhat(那又怎么樣)?

2.Ofcourse,itwouldn’tmatter(那沒有關(guān)系)iftherewerejustafewpeopleintheworld.

3.Toinspireyoungpeopletotakeactionfortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity(為了激勵(lì)年輕人為環(huán)境、動(dòng)物和他們的社區(qū)實(shí)行行動(dòng)),Roots&Shootswasestablished.

4.Inadditiontoherresearch,shehasbeenwhole-heartedlycommittedtoenvironmentalprotection(一心一意地致力于環(huán)境愛護(hù)).

閱讀精析·合作學(xué)習(xí)Task1框架宏觀建構(gòu):整體理解

1.SkimthepassageandfillintheblanksPara.1:Whatis“(1)__________”?

Para.2: The(2)__________ofRoots&Shoots.

Paras.3～4: The(3)__________ofitsname.

答案:(1)Just-me-ism(2)establishment(3)meaning2.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Narration(記敘文).B.ArgumentativeEssay(爭論文).C.ExpositoryWriting(說明文). D.PracticalWriting(應(yīng)用文).答案:C3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Thepassageismainlyaboutthecharacteristics,significanceandinfluenceofRoots&Shoots,whichaimstoinspireyoungpeopletotakeactionfortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity.

【尋技巧·提實(shí)力】記筆記(TakingNotes)筆記是演講中最重要的思想和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的總結(jié)。記筆記可以幫助你更好地理解和記憶?！さ谝淮温牎ｊP(guān)注一般意義。再聽一遍,做筆記。不要把每個(gè)單詞都寫下來。只寫主要思想和關(guān)鍵詞?！み\(yùn)用圖表、表格或項(xiàng)目符號(hào)。·運(yùn)用縮寫詞和符號(hào),例如:org=組織,yrs=年,↑=增加。Task2文本微觀剖析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)探究

1.Choosethebestanswer.(1)Whichoffollowingisnot“Just-me-ism”?A.Leavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth.B.Leavealightburningwhenyougoout.C.Dropapieceoflitterandcan’tbebotheredtopickitup.D.Turnoffthelightwhenyougoout.(2)WhenwasRoots&Shootsestablished?A.Intheearly1980s.B.Inthelate1980s.C.Intheearly1990s.D.Inthelate1990s.(3)What’sthepurposeofRoots&Shoots?A.Toinspireoldpeople.B.Toinspireyoungpeople.C.Toinspiremiddle-agedpeople.D.Toinspirechildren.(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Everyindividualdoesn’tmatter.B.Everyindividualcanmakeadifferencetotheworld.C.Onlyafewpeoplesufferfrom“Just-me-ism”.D.Peoplecan’tlivetogetherinpeacewithnature.答案:(1)～(4)DCBB2.Rereadthepassageandfillintheblanks.Roots&ShootsThetimeofits(1)establishmentIntheearly1990sThe(2)founderDr.JaneGoodallThepurpose(3)ToinspireyoungpeopleThemeaningofitsnameRootsmoveslowlytomake(4)afirmfoundation.Shootscan(5)breakopenbrickwalls.Everyindividual(6)matterstomaketheworldabetterplace.3.Longsentenceanalysis.(1)Well,sayyouleavethetaprunning(賓語從句)whileyoubrushyourteeth(時(shí)間狀語從句),leavealightonwhenyougoout(時(shí)間狀語從句)oryoudropapieceoflitterandcan’tbebotheredtopickitup.

譯文:例如,你刷牙的時(shí)候讓水嘩嘩地流,外出的時(shí)候不關(guān)燈,或者掉了一塊垃圾卻懶得撿起來。(2)Thisinstitute(主語)wassetup(謂語)intheearly1990sbyDr.JaneGoodall(狀語),ascientist(先行詞)who’stheworld’sbest-knownexpertonwildchimpanzees(定語從句).

譯文:這個(gè)組織20世紀(jì)90年頭初由珍·古道爾博士創(chuàng)立。她是世界上最聞名的探討野生黑猩猩的專家。Task3閱讀思維升華:主題實(shí)踐

1.Whyis“just-me-ism”aproblem?(CriticalThinking批判性思維)Because“Just-me-ism”oftenshowsself-centre,imposingone’sownopiniononothers,whichcanleadtofailureininterpersonalcommunication.

2.WhatcontributiondoesRoots&Shootsmaketosociety?(CriticalThinking批判性思維)Ithelpstochangetheworldandmakeitabetterplacetolivein.

3.WhatisyourexplanationforthetwoquotesfromDr.JaneGoodall?(CreativeThinking創(chuàng)建性思維)It’sanexcitingwaytogetpeopletoworktogethertochangetheworldthroughRoots&Shoots.

要點(diǎn)精研·探究學(xué)習(xí)1.bothervt.打攪;煩擾;麻煩;花費(fèi)時(shí)間、精力(做某事)n.麻煩;困難*Emailsarebetterforthosebusinesscolleagueswhodon’twanttobebotheredwithsmalltalk.對于那些不想被閑聊煩擾的公司同事,電子郵件要更好一些。*(2024·江蘇高考)Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.我們知道什么和不知道什么這個(gè)問題始終困擾著我。*Hedidn’tevenbothertoletmeknowhewascoming.他甚至都沒通知我他要來。*Idon’twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操勞。*Itbothersmetothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里,我便坐立擔(dān)心。*Don’tbother.I’llaskVickytocheckitwhensheleaves.不用麻煩了,等薇姬離開的時(shí)候,我會(huì)讓她檢查一下。bothertodo/doingsth.費(fèi)心做某事bothersb.with/aboutsth. 為某事打攪或麻煩某人Itbotherssb.that/todosth. 使某人苦惱的是havebother(in)doingsth. 做某事費(fèi)勁bother作“麻煩;困難”講時(shí),是不行數(shù)名詞;作“令人苦惱的事物;厭煩的人”講時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。(1)語法填空。①Itbothers(bother)Tomthathecan’tfindajobthathereallylikes.②Don’tbothertolook/looking(look)formyumbrella,anditwillturnupsomeday.

③I’msorryIhavebotheredyouwithsomanyquestions.(2)一句多譯。你找這所房子找得費(fèi)勁嗎?①Didyouhavemuchbother(in)findingthehouse?(bother)

②Didyouhavetrouble/difficulty(in)findingthehouse?(trouble/difficulty)

2.takeaction實(shí)行行動(dòng)*Weneedmoretimetoseehowthingsdevelopbeforewetakeaction.我們實(shí)行行動(dòng)之前須要更多的時(shí)間來視察狀況的發(fā)展。*It’stimewegotridofthesebadhabitsandtookactiontoprotecttheenvironment.我們是時(shí)候改掉這些壞習(xí)慣并且實(shí)行行動(dòng)愛護(hù)環(huán)境了。*Jonwillbeoutofactionforweekswithabrokenleg.喬恩斷了一條腿,將有幾個(gè)星期不能工作。inaction在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);在活動(dòng)中outofaction 失去作用,不能工作put/call/bringsth.intoaction 使……行動(dòng)起來;使生效;使起先工作takeactiontodosth.=takemeasures/stepstodosth. 實(shí)行措施做某事Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeaction.三思而后行。(1)Iwanttoseethenewsysteminaction.

我想去看看正在運(yùn)行的新系統(tǒng)。(2)Thenewplanfortrafficcontrolisbeingputintoactiononanexperimentbasis.新的交通管理方案正在試行。

3.firmadj.堅(jiān)實(shí)的;堅(jiān)固的n.商行;公司*Thefirm’semployeeswereexpectinglargebonuses.這家公司的雇員們正期盼著大筆的獎(jiǎng)金。*Freshfruitshouldbefirmandinexcellentcondition.簇新水果應(yīng)當(dāng)硬實(shí)且完好無損。*Alwaysholdfirmtoyourbeliefs.恒久堅(jiān)守你的信念。*Itisnowfirmlyestablishedasoneoftheleadingbrandsinthecountry.現(xiàn)在它已穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地確立為國內(nèi)主要品牌之一。(1)holdfirm(tosth.)堅(jiān)信;堅(jiān)持(2)firmly adv.堅(jiān)決地(1)語法填空。①Iholdfirmtotheideathateffortseventuallypayoff.②Imyselfwillfirmly(firm)carryoutthisplan.(2)Hegraspedherfirmlybythearm.

他緊緊地抓住了她的胳膊。(3)Wehavenofirmevidencetosupportthecase.

我們沒有確鑿的證據(jù)支持這個(gè)論點(diǎn)。4.foundationn.基礎(chǔ);地基*Thebuildersarenowbeginningtolaythefoundationsofthenewschool.建筑工人正起先給新校舍打地基。*Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandmutualrespect.他們的婚姻建立在愛情和相互敬重的基礎(chǔ)上。*Hewasoneofthefoundersoftheuniversity’smedicalfaculty.他是該高校醫(yī)學(xué)院的創(chuàng)建者之一。(1)foundv.創(chuàng)建;建立foundsth.on/uponsth. 把……建立在……上(2)founder n.創(chuàng)建者;創(chuàng)辦者;發(fā)起人found的過去式和過去分詞都是founded;find的過去式和過去分詞為found。(1)語法填空。①Theshopisstillrunbythefounder(found)andhistwosons.②Theschoolhasservedthecommunitysinceitsfoundation(found)in1835.(2)Theyfoundedaprimaryschoolinaruralarea.

他們在農(nóng)村創(chuàng)辦了一所小學(xué)。(3)Histheoryisfoundedonfacts.

他的理論建立在事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上。5.involvevt.包含;涉及;參加;須要*(2024·江蘇高考)Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved,includingworkshopsandevents.有很多機(jī)會(huì)讓有創(chuàng)建力的人參加其中,包括研討會(huì)和活動(dòng)。*Parentsshouldinvolvethemselvesintheirchildren’seducation.父母應(yīng)當(dāng)參加孩子的教化。*Thegovernmentshouldtrytoinvolveasmanycitizensaspossibleinprotectingtheenvironment.政府應(yīng)當(dāng)讓盡可能多的市民參加到環(huán)境愛護(hù)中來。*Shedislikedhisinvolvementwiththegroupanddislikedhisfriends.她厭煩他加入那個(gè)團(tuán)體,也不喜愛他的那些摯友。(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人參加(做)某事;使某人牽扯到某事中involvedoingsth.包括做某事;須要做某事(2)involved adj.有牽連的;有關(guān)的;參加的get/beinvolvedin 被卷入……之中;熱衷于;用心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth. 與某人混在一起;和某事有親密聯(lián)系(3)involvement n.參加;加入;插手involvedadj.作前置定語時(shí),意為“困難的”;作后置定語時(shí),意為“涉及的”。例如:aninvolvedsentence“一個(gè)困難的句子”;thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。InancientChina,however,namingwasverycomplicatedandonepersonusuallyhadseveralnames,andnamesinvolvedxing,shi,ming,andzi.然而在中國古代,起名特別困難。一個(gè)人可以有好幾個(gè)名字,包括姓、氏、名、字。(1)語法填空。①Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.②Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvedspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.③Inarecentbook,headvocatedmoregovernmentinvolvement(involve)inhealthcare.④Whenshewasyoung,shedidasmanythingsasshecould,likegettinginvolved(involve)insportsteamsandschoolclubs.(2)Idon’twanttogetinvolvedinofficepolitics.

我不想卷入辦公室政治。6.Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,butsowhat?

你知道那些都是錯(cuò)的,但那又怎樣?【句式解構(gòu)】本句sowhat為省略句式,補(bǔ)充完整為Sowhatisit?意為“那有什么了不得?/那又怎么樣?”,指對事情表示不關(guān)切或生氣地告知某人事情與自己無關(guān)。*Whatiftheytalkedforalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tinterestedin?假如他們長時(shí)間談?wù)撘环悴桓袗酆玫漠嬙趺崔k?*—MichaelwaslateforMrSmith’schemistryclassthismorning.—Howcome?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.——邁克爾今日上午在史密斯先生的化學(xué)課上遲到了?！趺磿?huì)呢?據(jù)我所知,他上課從來不遲到的。*—Heisfifteenyearsyoungerthanyou!—Sowhat?——他比你小十五歲呢!——那又怎么樣?英語中常見的省略句式有:Whatif...a.意為“假如……怎么樣”,用于提出建議,b.意為“假如……將會(huì)怎樣”,用于提問將會(huì)發(fā)生的事,通常是令人不快或驚恐的事情。Whatfor?為什么……?/某物有何用?Howcome意為“……是怎么回事,怎么會(huì)……”,可以單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)在對話的語境中,也可以在howcome后接語序完整的陳述句。①Whatifwegoandseeafilmtomorrownight?

明天晚上我們?nèi)タ磮鲭娪?你覺得怎么樣?②Howcome?Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenientwithournewandfastnetwork.怎么會(huì)呢?我們可以待在家里,在網(wǎng)上看電影。我們的新網(wǎng)絡(luò)又快又便利。

③—Hisfatherisveryrich.—Sowhat?Hewouldn’taccepthishelpevenifitwereoffered.

——他父親很富有?！怯衷趺礃?即使他提出幫助他,他也不會(huì)接受。7.That’swhatRoots&Shootsisallabout:thevalueandimportanceofeachindividual—human,animalorplant.這就是“根與芽”的全部意義:重視每一個(gè)個(gè)體的價(jià)值和重要性,不管是人、動(dòng)物還是植物。

【句式解構(gòu)】本句中what引導(dǎo)表語從句。what為連接代詞,在表語從句中充當(dāng)介詞about的賓語。*Themillionairehasnofriendsaroundhimbecausewhathecaresaboutmostisonlymoney.那位百萬富翁身邊沒有摯友,因?yàn)樗钤谝獾臇|西只是金錢。*Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.中國不再是過去的那個(gè)樣子了。*Willyoushowmewhatyouboughtforyourfather’sbirthday?你能讓我看一下你為你父親的生日買的禮物嗎?what?？捎脕硪龑?dǎo)名詞性從句,其在名詞性從句中?？梢岳斫鉃?所……的(事情等)?！緦W(xué)問延長】that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句相同點(diǎn)that與what都可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句不同點(diǎn)在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),that不在從句中作成分,也無詳細(xì)意思,只起連接作用what在所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中作主語、表語、賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語,并保持原疑問詞的意義或表示“……的事情(東西等)”(1)語法填空。①Thatweneedmoreequipmentisveryclear.②Whatheneedsisacooldrink.③Ourschoolisnotwhatitusedtobe.④Thenewscamethatoursportsmeethadbeenputoff.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.→Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.

他已不是過去的他了。②Allthatweneedisyourtimelyhelp.→Whatweneedisyourtimelyhelp.

我們所須要的就是你剛好的幫助。拓視野·觀天下1.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidonSaturdaythatithaltedaclinicaltrialofmalariadrughydroxychloroquinetotreatCOVID-19patients,sayingithadnobenefits.周六,美國國家衛(wèi)生探討院表示,已停止抗瘧藥物羥氯喹用于治療新冠肺炎患者的臨床試驗(yàn),稱其沒有任何療效。2.ManyBeijingresidentsgotogreatlengthtoavoidbreathingthecity’ssmoggyair,especiallywhenitreachescriticalpollutionlevels,butonelocalfirmdecidedthatcanningandsellingthispoorqualityairasasouvenirwouldbeagreatidea.很多北京居民全力以赴避開呼吸城市的霧霾空氣,尤其是當(dāng)空氣污染達(dá)到臨界水平常,但當(dāng)?shù)匾患夜敬_定將這種劣質(zhì)空氣裝罐并作為紀(jì)念品出售是個(gè)好辦法。3.SheaskedProfessorMiesenbock,the2024WarrenAlpertFoundationPrizewinner,whatheconsideredwerethebestpersonalqualitiesforconductingscientificresearch.她詢問了2024年沃倫·阿爾珀特基金獎(jiǎng)得主米森伯克教授,他認(rèn)為進(jìn)行科學(xué)探討的最佳個(gè)人品質(zhì)是什么。4.In2024,thousandsofpeopleonlinewereinvolvedineffortstohelpan8-year-old,cancer-strickenboyfromtheUnitedStatestorealizehisdream.2024年,成千上萬的網(wǎng)友參加到幫助一名來自美國的身患癌癥的8歲男孩實(shí)現(xiàn)幻想的活動(dòng)中來?！疽c(diǎn)拾遺】1.inspirev.鼓舞,激勵(lì);使產(chǎn)生(感覺或情感);賜予靈感,激發(fā)想法;啟發(fā);啟示*(2024·天津高考)Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.我被那些美麗的聲音所鼓舞。*Ourchallengeistomotivatethosevotersandinspirethemtojoinourcause.我們的挑戰(zhàn)是要激勵(lì)那些投票者并激勵(lì)他們加入我們的事業(yè)。*Bothpoetsdrewtheirinspirationfromthecountryside.兩位詩人都是從鄉(xiāng)村獲得他們的靈感。(1)inspiresth.insb.=inspiresb.withsth.使某人產(chǎn)生(某種感情)inspiresb.todosth. 鼓舞某人去做某事(2)inspired adj.受到鼓舞的(3)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的(4)inspiration n.激勵(lì);靈感【巧學(xué)助記】巧記“inspire”Iwasinspiredwithyourinspiringremarks,whichbroughtmecreativeinspiration.你鼓舞人心的話激勵(lì)了我,給我?guī)砹藙?chuàng)建性的靈感。(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。Whathesaidinspireduswithconfidence.→Whathesaidinspiredconfidenceinus.

→Whathesaidinspiredustobeconfident.

(2)我們都被他鼓舞人心的演講所激勵(lì)。Allofuswereinspiredbyhisinspiringspeech.

2.commitvt.犯(罪,錯(cuò)誤);承諾*Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.然而,我們決不能犯只從一個(gè)角度來分析進(jìn)展的錯(cuò)誤。*Ihavecommittedmyselftosittingontwocommittees.我已承諾擔(dān)當(dāng)兩個(gè)委員會(huì)的委員。*Mostcrimesarecommittedbyyoungmen.大多數(shù)罪行都是年輕人犯下的。*Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvestotakingoutaloan.借款人應(yīng)當(dāng)慎重考慮之后再行借貸。committedadj.不遺余力的commitment n.承諾,保證;(對工作或某活動(dòng))奉獻(xiàn),獻(xiàn)身commitsuicide 自殺commitacrime 犯罪commitsb.to(doing)sth. 承諾/保證某人(做)某事becommittedto(doing)sth. 承諾/保證(做)某事(1)語法填空。Aviolentcrimewascommitted(commit)every32secondsinthisareaofthecitylastyear.

(2)It’snormalforchildrentocommitmistakes(犯錯(cuò)誤).

(3)Hercommitmenttowork(對工作的奉獻(xiàn))isbeyondquestion.

3.setup建立,創(chuàng)立*(2024·北京高考)AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur,whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.愛麗絲·摩爾是一名十幾歲的企業(yè)家,她在2015年5月創(chuàng)辦了自己的企業(yè)AilieCandy。*Thecitypolicesetuproadblockstocheckpassingvehicles.該市警察設(shè)置了路障來檢查過往車輛。*Theoldmanissettingdownhismemoriesofvillagelife.那位老人正在寫下他對鄉(xiāng)村生活的回憶。*Whensettingoutonalongwalk,alwayswearsuitableboots.動(dòng)身進(jìn)行長距離徒步時(shí),總是要穿上合適的靴子。*Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.我們須要著手找尋一個(gè)解決方法。*Theysetoffatasteadypace.他們以不緊不慢的速度動(dòng)身了?！緦?dǎo)圖理詞】ChinesepeopleliketogotoalargesquarewherehugebellsaresetuponNewYear’sEve.在除夕夜,中國人喜愛去一個(gè)大廣場,那里有設(shè)置好的大鐘。(1)用恰當(dāng)?shù)母痹~填空。①RalphW.Emersonwouldalwayssetdownnewideasthatoccurredtohim.②Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetimesetasideforsleep—pureandsimple.③Theschoolhassetupaspecialclasstohelpthosepoorlearners.④Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoutfortherailwaystation.

⑤Isetoffforthecompanyearlierinordertoavoidtheheavytraffic.(2)一句多譯。老師說明結(jié)束之后他起先著手記筆記。①Hesetaboutsettingdownthenoteaftertheteacherfinishedexplaining.

②Hesetouttosetdownthenoteaftertheteacherfinishedexplaining.

4.pickup撿起,撿起;整理,整理;(偶然)學(xué)會(huì);用車接某人;收聽到;身體好轉(zhuǎn);取回*(2024·北京高考)Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.機(jī)器人電話的問題已經(jīng)變得如此嚴(yán)峻,以至于很多人現(xiàn)在拒絕接聽他們不知道號(hào)碼的電話。*(2024·北京高考)Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.他們不再走幾個(gè)街區(qū)去接孩子或取回干洗衣物,而是派出自動(dòng)駕駛的面包車。*(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Don’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.當(dāng)你在這里選擇一個(gè)精彩的科學(xué)活動(dòng)或紀(jì)念品來紀(jì)念你的訪問時(shí),別忘了去太平洋科學(xué)中心的商店。*Ifyoulovehelpingtheenvironment,planttreesorpickuplitter.假如你喜愛愛護(hù)環(huán)境,你可以種樹或撿垃圾。*Bulliespickonyoungerchildren.恃強(qiáng)凌弱的家伙欺壓更年幼的孩子。*Ihavebeenpickedouttorepresentthewholeteam.我被選擇出來代表全隊(duì)。【導(dǎo)圖理詞】(1)Hepickedthenewspaperupfromthefloorandpassedittohisfather.

他從地板上撿起報(bào)紙,遞給他父親。(2)MothertookMarytothelibrarytopickoutonebookshelikesbest.

媽媽帶瑪麗去圖書館選擇了一本她最喜愛的書。語法精講·優(yōu)化學(xué)習(xí)Verb-ing和Verb-ed形式視察上面對話,并完成句子:1.Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedwithjoy.

聽到這個(gè)好消息,我們都興奮得跳起來了。2.Thestoryhadasatisfyingending,whichmadeusverysatisfied.

這個(gè)故事有一個(gè)令人滿足的結(jié)局,這使我們特別滿足。3.Thebrokenclockshouldberepaired.

這個(gè)壞了的鐘應(yīng)當(dāng)修理一下。verb-ing和verb-ed形式在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語,其詳細(xì)用法如下:1.作表語(1)verb-ed作表語表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài);而verb-ing作表語多表示事物具有的特性。(2)充當(dāng)表語的詞語(過去分詞)通常加在系動(dòng)詞后面。常見系動(dòng)詞:be動(dòng)詞:is/am/are/was/were一“似乎”:seem二“保持”:keep,remain三“變更”:become,get,turn五“感官”:look,sound,taste,feel,smell*Thenewsisencouraging.這個(gè)消息令人鼓舞。*Lookattheexcitedboy.看那個(gè)興奮的男孩。*Thestoryisterrifying.這個(gè)故事很可怕。*Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.他聽到這個(gè)消息似乎很興奮。2.作定語verb-ing作定語表示主動(dòng),進(jìn)行;verb-ed作定語,表示被動(dòng),完成。(1)單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語通常放在被修飾詞之前;過去分詞短語作定語則放在被修飾詞之后,名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,并且一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)進(jìn)行時(shí)的定語從句。Tom,wearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.=Tom,whoiswearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.有些過去分詞表示特定含義,單獨(dú)作定語也放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:left(剩余的),given(所給的),concerned(有關(guān)的)等。另外,單個(gè)過去分詞作定語修飾代詞時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)放在被修飾的詞后面。*Thereisalittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩余時(shí)間不多了,咱們快點(diǎn)吧。*Iamfondofthefoodcookedbyyourmother.=Iamfondofthefoodthatiscookedbyyourmother.我很喜愛你媽媽做的飯。(2)有些過去分詞作定語既可前置也可后置,意義不變。*Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.=Allthewindowsbrokenhavebeenrepaired.全部壞了的窗戶已經(jīng)修理好了。3.作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)和動(dòng)詞-ed形式(過去分詞)在句中作狀語通常作緣由、時(shí)間、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果、讓步狀語等。主語與動(dòng)詞-ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系,主語與動(dòng)詞-ed形式(過去分詞)在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。*Seeingtheteacher,heranintotheclassroom.一望見老師,他跑進(jìn)了教室。*Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.在一群學(xué)生的蜂擁下,那位老老師走進(jìn)了教室。*BeingLeaguemembers,weshouldtaketheleadineverything.作為共青團(tuán)員,凡事我們都應(yīng)當(dāng)起帶頭作用。*Hisparentsdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他的父母去世了,留給他一大筆錢。*Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaswettotheskin.由于遇上了大雨,他渾身都濕透了。*Gettinguplate,hemissedtheearlytrain.由于起床晚了,他沒有趕上早班火車。*Seenfromspace,ourearthlooksmorebeautiful.從太空看,我們的地球看起來更美。動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(現(xiàn)在分詞短語)和動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(過去分詞短語)作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語通常與句子的主語一樣,但有時(shí)它們可以有自己的獨(dú)立主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)邏輯主語與其后的動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;當(dāng)邏輯主語與其后的動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用動(dòng)詞-ed形式。*Timepermitting,wecancompletetheproject.假如時(shí)間允許,我們就能完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。(邏輯主語time與permit存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語)*Alltheworkdone,theydecidedtotreatthemselvestoamovie.全部的工作都做完了,他們確定去看一場電影犒勞自己。(邏輯主語allthework與do之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,句中獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作緣由或時(shí)間狀語)4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)賓語補(bǔ)足語與賓語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,表示主動(dòng),用verb-ing。賓語補(bǔ)足語與賓語是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即動(dòng)詞與賓語的關(guān)系,表示被動(dòng),用verb-ed。(2)可接verb-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:①動(dòng)詞feel,hear,lookat,listento,notice,observe,sense,see,watch等可接verb-ing作賓語的補(bǔ)足語。例如:*Iheardhersinginginthenextdoor.當(dāng)時(shí)我聽見她在隔壁唱歌。*Iwatchedthemplayingvolleyballontheplayground.我觀看他們在操場上打排球。②動(dòng)詞get,have,keep,leave,send,set可接verb-ing作賓語的補(bǔ)足語。*Thearrivalofthepolicesenttherobbersrunningawayquickly.警察的到來使強(qiáng)盜們四處逃跑。*Don’thaveyourgueststandingthereandaskhimtositdown.不要讓你的客人站在那里,請他入座。③現(xiàn)在分詞用在“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間是主謂關(guān)系。*Shefellasleepwiththelightstillburning.她睡著了,燈還亮著。*Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintothehouse.一個(gè)少了兩顆門牙的小男孩跑進(jìn)了房子。(3)可接verb-ed分詞作賓語的補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:①表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的詞,如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,think,consider,find等。②表示“致使”或者“保持某種狀態(tài)”意義的動(dòng)詞,如make,get,have,keep,leave等詞。③表示“希望”“懇求”“吩咐”的詞,如watch,wish,like,expect,order等。(1)語法填空。①Thecomputercenter,opened(open)lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.②Thehousebuilt(build)100yearsagostillstoodthereaftertheearthquake.③Putting(put)onhisclothes,Billwentoutinahurry.④Arriving(arrive)home,hefoundthedoorlocked.⑤Whilewaiting(wait)atthedentist’shome,Ireadashortstory.⑥Theteacherstoodthere,surrounded(surround)bymanystudents.⑦Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(lock).(2)Theexcitedpeoplefinallycooleddown.

激烈的人們最終冷靜下來。(3)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.

因?yàn)榱芰艘粓龃笥?所以他全身濕透了。(4)Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.

當(dāng)他看到那些圖片時(shí),就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(5)Sheranuptome,withherhairflyinginthewind.

她跑向我,她的頭發(fā)在風(fēng)中飄舞。運(yùn)用本單元所學(xué)v.-ing和v.-ed相關(guān)學(xué)問翻譯下面語段9月份發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)探討表明,有一種令人驚異的方法可以讓人們遠(yuǎn)離不健康的食物:變更他們的記憶。加州高校歐文分校的科學(xué)家ElizabethLoftus讓志愿者回答一些關(guān)于他們性格和食物體驗(yàn)的問題?！耙恢芎?”Loftus說,“在給這些人喂食后,我們讓他們把答案輸入到我們的智能電腦里,電腦就會(huì)記錄下他們的童年早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！庇幸恍┵~戶包括一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的額外細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。探討者告知他們,他們曾經(jīng)在吃過草莓冰激凌之后生過病,并隨后通過引導(dǎo)性問題將這一細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)修改進(jìn)人造記憶之中。那些賜予錯(cuò)誤記憶的人中有多達(dá)41%的人信任草莓冰激凌曾經(jīng)讓他們生病,而且很多人說他們會(huì)避開吃它。AstudypublishedinSeptembersuggeststhereisasurprisingwaytogetpeopletoavoidunhealthyfood:changetheirmemories.ScientistElizabethLoftusoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvineaskedvolunteerstoanswersomequestionsontheirpersonalitiesandfoodexperiences.“Oneweeklater,”Loftussays,“havingfedthepeople,wetoldthemtotypetheiranswersintooursmartcomputeranditrecordedtheirearlychildhoodexperiences.”Someaccountsincludedonekeyadditionaldetail.Havingtoldthemthattheyhadgotsickaftereatingstrawberryice-cream,theresearchersthenchangedthisdetailintoamanufacturedmemorythroughleadingquestions.Upto41%ofthosegivenafalsememorybelievedstrawberryice-creamoncemadethemsick,andmanysaidthey’davoideatingit.

課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評價(jià)六Unit8Lesson1Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Withsomanythingsbothering(bother)me,Ihopeyoucanoffermesomepracticaladvice.2.Thegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotect(protect)theairfrombeingpollutedduringthetwoyears.

3.Thereunitedloversheldeachother’shandfirmly(firm)andwalkedaheadtogether.4.Hehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothecompany’ssuccessatthebeginningofitsfoundation(found).5.However,hedidn’tgetthebricks(brick)forhishouse.6.Myteacherencouragedmetogetinvolved(involve)inthediscussion.7.Englishmajorswouldbeaskedtoexploretheroots(root)oflanguage.8.Itfliesburning5gallons(gallon)ofgasperhourintheair.9.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thesethingsareharmful(harm)fortheirhealth.10.Chinaiscommittedtobuildingacommunitywithashared(share)futureforhumanity.Ⅱ.選詞填空takeaction,makeit,inpeace,makeadifference,millionsof,pickup,thinkof,setup,allaroundtheworld,inadditionto1.Instead,hedecidedtotakeactiononhisown.

2.EitheryouoryourbrotheristopickupTomattheairport.

3.Itconsistsofmillionsofpagesofdata.

4.Whatdoyouthinkofthemeetingheldyesterday?

5.Abigsupermarketandmorethantwentydifferentshopshavebeensetupheresincelastyear.

6.TherearemanygovernmentflagsflowingintheUnitedStatesinadditiontothenationalflag.

7.Itisbelievedthattheplacewillbecomeaparadiseifallpeopleliveinpeace.

8.Travelersbroughtbackwonderfulphotosfromallaroundtheworld.

9.Icouldn’tshaketheideathatI’dmakeadifferenceinthelifeofaspeciallittlegirl.

10.Itisseenascharacterbuildingandachancetoprovethattheycanmakeitontheirown.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.Theywentofftogetherandleftmesittingtherealone.

他們一起離開了,讓我獨(dú)自一人坐在那里。(leavesb./sth.doing)2.“Allright,I’vebeenreadingit.Sowhat?”

“Curiositykilledthecat.That’swhat.”“好吧,我是始終在讀這個(gè),那又怎么樣?”“不怎么樣,只是新奇心害死貓?！?.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldacceptmyinvitation.

假如你能接受我的邀請,我會(huì)特別感謝。(if引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣句)4.It’saverydifficultexamination;areyousureyoucanmakeit?

這次考試很難,你確定你能通過嗎?(makeit)5.Whatsurprisedmemostwastheway(that/inwhich)shespoketoherfather.

最令我驚異的是她對她父親說話的方式。(what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·南昌高一檢測)Wehavespentthousandsofyearsfightingforoursurvival.Yetnowwehave1thatourplanetisunderthreat.It’stimewewokeuptotheproblemsandstartedrepairingthedamage.

OneofthemajorproblemsisthedestructionoftherainforestsinSouthAmerica.Theyare2tohalftheworld’sspeciesandtomillionsofpeople.Moreover,therainforests3theairbytakingincarbondioxideandgivingoutoxygen.Thetreesarebeingcutdownforpaperortomakeroomforcattlefarms.Sobirdsandanimals4theirhomesanddie.Thisdestructionisalsobringingaboutchangesintheclimate,airpollutionandflooding.Ifwe5toburnandcutdowntherainforestsaswearedoingnow,theearthwill6restore.

Anotherbig7iswaterpollution.Factoriesarepollutingourriversandlakeswithdangerouschemicals.Tonsofwasteispouredintoourseas.8,sealifeisindanger.

9pollutionisanotherimportantissue.Thecarsandfactoriesinandaroundourcitiesaregivingoff10gases.Inthepastfewyears,moreandmorepeoplethaneverbeforehavebreathingproblems.Ifwedon’tdosomethingnow,ourcitieswillbecome11tolivein.

12,itisnottoolatetosolvetheseproblems.Wehavethetime,themoneyandeventhetechnologytopreparethewayforabetter,cleanerand13future.Wecanplanttreesandbuildparksforthespeciesindanger.Wecanputpressureonthoseinpowerto14.Togetherwecansaveourplanet.Allweneedtodoisopenoureyesandact15.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。人類為了生存在地球上奮斗了幾千年,但現(xiàn)在由于過度砍伐,地球面臨極大的危急,人類必需實(shí)行主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)愛護(hù)地球。1.A.discoveredB.guessedC.predictedD.forgotten【解析】選A。句意:我們?yōu)榱松鎶^斗了幾千年,然而現(xiàn)在我們發(fā)覺地球面臨威逼。discovered發(fā)覺;guessed揣測;predicted預(yù)料;forgotten遺忘。依據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,雖然我們?yōu)榱松鎶^斗了幾千年,然而現(xiàn)在地球面臨威逼。2.A.secret B.homeC.hopeD.belief【解析】選B。句意:南美熱帶雨林是世界上一半物種和幾百萬人的家園。secret隱私;home家;hope希望;belief信念。依據(jù)下文Sobirdsandanimals______theirhomes可知,這里表示物種的家園。

3.A.needB.heatC.cleanD.produce【解析】選C。句意:而且,熱帶雨林通過汲取二氧化碳放出氧氣來清潔空氣。need須要;heat把……加熱;clean清潔;produce生產(chǎn)。依據(jù)常識(shí)可知,樹木是通過汲取二氧化碳放出氧氣來清潔空氣。4.A.findB.visitC.loseD.leave【解析】選C。句意:所以鳥兒和動(dòng)物們失去家園而死亡。find發(fā)覺;visit參觀;lose失去;leave離開。樹木被砍伐,鳥兒和動(dòng)物失去家園而死亡。5.A.fail B.startC.stopD.continue【解析】選D。句意:假如我們接著像現(xiàn)在這樣燃燒和砍伐熱帶雨林,地球?qū)⒃僖膊粫?huì)復(fù)原原樣。fail失敗;start起先;stop停止;continue接著。依據(jù)下一句theearthwill______restore.表示假設(shè)接著破壞熱帶雨林,地球?qū)⒉辉購?fù)原如初。

6.A.still B.never C.always D.almost【解析】選B。句意:假如我們接著像現(xiàn)在這樣燃燒和砍伐熱帶雨林,地球?qū)⒃僖膊粫?huì)復(fù)原原樣。still仍舊;never從不;always總是;almost幾乎。破壞后,再也無法還原。7.A.choice B.problem C.goal D.view【解析】選B。句意:另一個(gè)大問題是水污染。choice選擇;problem問題;goal目標(biāo);view看法。依據(jù)上一段第一句OneofthemajorproblemsisthedestructionoftherainforestsinSouthAmerica.可知,這一段要講另一個(gè)問題。8.A.Forexample B.AsusualC.Onthewhole D.Asaresult【解析】選D。句意:成噸的廢物被排放到海里,結(jié)果造成海洋生物處于危急中。forexample例如;asusual像平常一樣;onthewhole總的來說;asaresult結(jié)果。成噸的廢物被排放到海里造成海洋生物處于危急中。9.A.Air B.Noise C.Light D.Soil【解析】選A