2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage課時作業(yè)含解析新人教版必修3

PAGE課時分層作業(yè)(十一)SectionⅡ[語言學(xué)問練習(xí)固基礎(chǔ)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Astheproverbgoes，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoffintime.2．Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer，whichisveryharmful(harm)totheirhealth.3．Hishelpmadeitpossibleformanypoorchildrentoattend(attend)college.4．Asisknowntous，thePeople'sRepublicofChinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.5．Whenitisinmyturn，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.6．Therainpreventedusfromstarting(start)onatrip.7.Wecan'tdealwithitwithviolence(violent)．8．Theworkerearnedlittlemoneyamonth，sohehadtoexistononlyfastnoodles.9．TheChineseculturehasgivenbirthtomanyimportantinventionsinitslonghistory.10．Thelittlechilddidn'tunderstandthepuzzlingquestionsotherewasapuzzledexpressiononhisface.(puzzle)Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Youarefinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon. are后面加to2.Ishouldbebackontimetowatchthefootballmatch. on→in3.Smokingtoomuchdoesharmforyourhealth. for→to4．Spaceshipsmakepossibletotraveltothemoon. make后面加it5．Theirsonwaspreventedgoingtocollegelastyearbecauseoftheirlowincome. prevented后加from[高考題型練習(xí)提實力]Ⅰ.閱讀理解EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However，HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton，whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem，buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(橢圓)．NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531，1607，and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit，themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets，aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictionofwhatcometwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit，forhehasdiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley'scomet，inhishonor.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了200多年前英國科學(xué)家哈雷以及他的發(fā)覺。1．Halleymadehisdiscovery．A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychanceC[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段“Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.”可知應(yīng)選C。]2.Halleymadeasurprising，butcorrectpredictionintheyear．A．1704 B．1705C．1706 D．1707B[數(shù)字計算題。第五段中的“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.”這句話告知我們：他預(yù)言彗星出現(xiàn)的時間是1758年，而這個預(yù)言還要經(jīng)過53年才能驗證，由此可以推斷出哈雷做出這個預(yù)言的時間是1705年。]3．Thispassageingeneralisabout．A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofacometC．NewtonandHalleyD．HalleyandhisdiscoveryD[主旨大意題。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的發(fā)覺。]4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B．Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C．Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D．Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofacircle.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。從文章首句可以看出A項錯誤；從第1題的分析中可知B項也錯誤；牛頓告知哈雷彗星的軌道是橢圓形的，可解除D項。]Ⅱ.完形填空CamilleandGenevieveBeatty，whoat13and11arebeingpraisedforbuildingamodeloftheMarsroverthatisnowapermanentfixture(固定存在物)atthefamousNewYorkHallofScience.“TohavetwoyounggirlsbuildingourMarsroveris1thekindofthingwewanttohavehappenhere，”saidMargaretHoney.“Buttheirloveofscienceallstartedwithalittle2curiosity，”saystheirfather，RobertBeatty，whoguidedtheir3forengineering.“Camillekepttakingthingsapart.Shewouldbringmea(n)4remotecontroloradestroyedclock，andshe'dsay，‘Dad，what'sthislittlegreenthing？’”Hedidn'thaveallthe5，buthewassurprisedbyhercuriosityandaskedifshewantedto6somethingherself.ThenlifeintheBeatty'shouseholdstartedtoget7．Thesisterswentfromtakingthingsaparttoputtingthingstogether.“Wewouldjust8，”saidCamille.“Westartedsmall，usingoff-the-shelf(現(xiàn)成的)RadioShackparts.Thenwe9let'sgohugewithit...andbuilda10！”“Wedidn'tsetoutto11twogirlstobuildourMarsrover.Wewereactuallylookingforcompaniesthathadroboticsexpertise，”saidHoney.“Westudiedthe12roververyclosely，”theirfathersaid.“Thepictures，thedrawings...Wedideverythingwecouldto13itineveryway.”What'sthesecrettokeepingchildren'sinterestinlonger-term14？RobertBeattybelievesin15thegirls'interestandlettingthemdoallthework.Hesaystheexperiencehashadaverypositiveroleinthegirls'livesoutsidethe16，aswell.“Oneofmymain17inthiswastogivethemasenseofself-empowerment.Ifthey18agoal，theycangoanddoit—whetherit'sajobThebestpartaboutbuildingrobotsis19timewiththeirdad.“It'smadeour20amazinglyclose，amongallofus，”Camillesaid.【語篇解讀】一對小姐妹自己動手制作出了一個火星探測器模型。如今，該模型已經(jīng)成為紐約科學(xué)館的永久藏品。1．A.exactly B．rarelyC．strangely D．probablyA[此處表示讓兩個女孩做一個火星探測器正是他們想要發(fā)生的事情。]2．A.crazy B．naturalC．different D．strangeD[依據(jù)下文中的“Camillekepttakingthingsapart...destroyedclock”可知，她們的這種愛好是從破壞起先的，這有些奇妙。]3．A.preparation B．enthusiasmC．search D．expectationB[此處表示她們的父親引導(dǎo)著她們對工程學(xué)的酷愛。]4．A.ordinary B．cheapC．broken D．oldC[與前面的“takingthingsapart”呼應(yīng)，再依據(jù)空后的destroyed可知，此處指她常常把東西給拆掉，拿回來一個壞了的遙控器，或者散架的鐘表。]5．A.answers B．partsC．tools D．ideasA[依據(jù)前面的“Dad，what'sthislittlegreenthing”可知，這里是說她問父親問題的時候，父親并不能總是賜予答案，父親也有回答不上來的問題。]6．A.learn B．findC．buy D．buildD[依據(jù)前面的“hewassurprisedbyhercuriosity”以及下文講她們制作機器人可知，他對女兒的新奇心感到驚異，詢問女兒是否想自己制作一些東西。]7．Afortable B．interestingC．regular D．difficultB[依據(jù)語境可知，從今以后，這個家庭的生活變得好玩起來。]8．A.wait B．designC．experiment D．observeC[從后面的“Westartedsmall，usingoff-the-shelf(現(xiàn)成的)RadioShackparts”可知，她們進行試驗，不斷嘗試，從制作一些小的東西起先。]9．A.decided B．guessedC．required D．insistedA[與前面的startedsmall呼應(yīng)，此處指她們從小的東西做起，然后確定制作大一點的東西。]10．A.machine B．planeC．house D．robotD[上文已經(jīng)提到了Marsrover，這里指她們確定一起制作一個機器人。]11．A.callon B．lookforC．playwith D．bringupB[依據(jù)后面的“Wewereactuallylookingfor...”可知，起先的時候，這個機構(gòu)并沒有想找尋兩個小女孩來制作火星探測器。]12．A.heavy B．expensiveC．a(chǎn)ctual D．bigC[結(jié)合后面的“Thepictures，thedrawings”可知，她們的父親說他們特別細(xì)致地探討了真實的探測器。]13．A.copy B．sendC．move D．measureA[與前面的studied，pictures和drawings呼應(yīng)，這里指他們細(xì)致探討，目的就是仿照制造出一個探測器。]14．A.journeys