湖南省三湘名校教育聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次大聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題

三湘名校教育聯(lián)盟·2025屆高三第一次大聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)本試卷共8頁(yè)。全卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在本試卷和答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如有改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案;回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Dosomeshopping.B.Takeaphoto.C.Talktothemodel.2.HowmuchChineseyuanshouldthewomanpay?A.200yuan.B.800yuan.C.1,600yuan.3.Whyisthecitysocrowded?A.Itspopulationistoobig.B.Itsroadsaretoonarrow.C.Ithasbigmanagementissues.4.Howlonghastherainlasted?A.5days.B.6days.C.7days.5.Whatopiniondotheyholdontheirchemistrycourse?A.It’swellorganized.B.Itissatisfactory.C.Itisunsatisfactory.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whathasthemanbeendoingalldaylong?A.Callingthewoman.B.Stayingathome.C.Preparingfordinner.7.Whydothespeakersdecidetohangupthephone?A.Theconnectionisn’tgood.B.They’rebothbusy.C.They’llmeetsoon.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydoesthemanlookpale?A.Hehasgotacold.B.He’safraidofheights.C.He’salittleairsick.9.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanhasneverflownbefore.B.Themanwillchewsomegum.C.TheplanetookofffromOntario.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatwouldthewomanliketodothisweekend?A.Goclimbing.B.Goshopping.C.Gofishing.11.WhatdoesthemanplantodoonSaturday?A.Checkhisschedule.B.Stayathome.C.Helphissistermove.12.Howwillthemangetintouchwiththewoman?A.Bymakingacalltoherhouse.B.Bymakingacalltohermother’shouse.C.Bymakingacalltohercellphone.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatarethemanandwomanlookingfor?A.Afortablehotel.B.Amodernhotel.C.Aninexpensivehotel.14.Whomdidthemanandwomanaskforhelp?A.Apolicewoman.B.Awaitress.C.Apasserby.15Wherecouldthemanandwomanfindahoteltheyneeded?A.Inthenextstreet.B.Nexttoabank.C.Twominutedrivetothewest.16.Wheredidtheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inastreet.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhendidMr.Mendeldiscoverthereasonforourlikenesstoparents?A.In1860.B.In1916.C.In1953.18.Whatdidthescientistsfindin1961?A.ThefirstunderstandableDNA“word”.B.AllthewordsintheDNAmap.C.ThefunctionsofalltheDNA“words”.19.Whatcanwedobyunderstanding“words”intheDNAmap?A.Createnewcreatures.B.Curesomediseases.C.Savedyinganimals.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.ThewaysofDNAtreatment.BThefamousbiologyscientists.C.TheprocessofunderstandingDNA.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATeachingVolunteerPrograminBaliLovina(巴厘島)AreyouinterestedinbeingavolunteerteacherinBaliLovina?InternationalVolunteerHQ’sTeachingprojectinvitesvolunteerstopassonvaluableEnglishlanguageskillstoschoolchildrenwhilesharingtheirownculture.WhatyoucanexpectAsavolunteerteacher,you’llrunafterschoolEnglishclassesforelementarychildren.Youmaybepairedwithanothervolunteerorworkalone,andyou’refreetogetcreativewithyourteachingmethods.Ageneralinstructionandexamplesfrompreviousvolunteerswillguideyourlessonplanning.WhocanapplyThisprogramisidealforcreativeandactivevolunteerswhoenjoyinspiringchildrentolearnorwhowanttobeeteachers.You’llneedtospeakfluentEnglishbutnopreviousteachingexperienceisrequiredasyou’llbesupportedbyqualifiedlocalstaff.Somerelevanttra?n?nglikeaTEFLcoursewouldbehelpful.StartdatesDurationVolunteerhoursAgeProgramsstarteveryMondayChoosefrom112weeksUpto5hoursadayAged16+WhatimpactyouwillmakeInBali,tourismandhospitalitydrivejobs,requiringstrongEnglishskills,makingnativespeakers’practiceinvaluable.Throughthisprogram,volunteerscontributetoenhanc?ngaccesstoeducationwithinthelocalmun?ty.Byassist?ngchildrentorema?ninschool,pursuefurthereducation,andaccessbetteremploymentopportunitiesinthefuture,volunteersplayavitalroleinshapingbrighterfutures.1.Whatkindofsupportwillvolunteersreceive?A.Suggestionsonfindingajob. B.Guidancefromlocalteachers.C.Instructionsfromlocaltravelagencies. D.Coursesonlearningthelocallanguage.2.Whatisthelowestagelimitforjoiningtheprogram?A.5. B.12. C.16. D.20.3.Whatistheexpectedouteforthechildreninvolved?A.Havingbetterjobopportunities. B.Startingtheirownteachingcareers.C.Enhancinglocalculturepreservation. D.Acquiringmoreeducationalresources.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了巴厘島的一個(gè)教學(xué)志愿者項(xiàng)目，包括志愿者可以期待的內(nèi)容、申請(qǐng)條件、項(xiàng)目開始日期、持續(xù)時(shí)間、志愿者工作時(shí)間以及年齡要求等，同時(shí)闡述了志愿者將產(chǎn)生的影響。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“You’llneedtospeakfluentEnglishbutnopreviousteachingexperienceisrequiredasyou’llbesupportedbyqualifiedlocalstaff.(你需要說(shuō)一口流利的英語(yǔ)，但不需要有以前的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)槟銓⒌玫胶细竦漠?dāng)?shù)毓ぷ魅藛T的支持)”可知，志愿者將得到當(dāng)?shù)睾细窠處煹闹С郑虼怂麄儠?huì)得到當(dāng)?shù)亟處煹闹笇?dǎo)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章表格中“Age:Aged16+(年齡：16歲以上)”可知，參加該項(xiàng)目的最低年齡限制是16歲。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Byassistingchildrentoremaininschool,pursuefurthereducation,andaccessbetteremploymentopportunitiesinthefuture,volunteersplayavitalroleinshapingbrighterfutures.(通過(guò)幫助孩子們繼續(xù)上學(xué)，繼續(xù)接受教育，并在未來(lái)獲得更好的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，志愿者在塑造更光明的未來(lái)方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用)”可知，對(duì)于參與的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，預(yù)期的結(jié)果是擁有更好的工作機(jī)會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。BInspiredbyMarcoPolo,whotraveledtoChinaalongtheancientSilkRoadmorethan700yearsago,ItaliantravelerViennasetofffromtheexplorer’shometownVenice.Asthefirstwomantoattemptretracingtheroute,Viennahopestobuildabridgeoffriendshipamongpeoplefromdifferentcountriesthroughherefforts.Vienna’sfascinationwithChinabeganovertwodecadesagowhenaChinesestudentstayedinherhome,sparklingherinterestinthecountry’srichculturalher?tage.Moreover,shehasbeenafanofItaliantravelerMarcoPolosincechildhoodandthedescriptionoftheancientSilkRoadinthebook,TheTravelsofMarcoPolo,particularlyimpressedher.In2018,thethoughtoffollowingthefootstepsofMarcoPoloinspiredhertomapoutajourneycovering22,000kilometersfromVenicetoBeijing,passingthrough15countriesinthreetofouryears.Atfirst,herchildrenthoughtitwasunrealistictopletesuchalongjourneyinherseventies.However,astheyobservedthedetailedplanning,theyfullysupportedher.Withasimplebackpackandtwohikingpoles,shehascoveredover20,000kmandpassedthroughdozensofcountries.“Thejourneyismorethanjustapersonalchallenge,”Viennasaidinarecentinterview.“ItisamissiontowitnessfirsthandtheimpactofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)andtosharetheexperienceswiththeworld,”sheadded.“Ihaveseenthebridges,highways,andrailwaysbuiltundertheBRI,whichconnectcountriesinawaythatechoestheSilkRoad’shistoricroleinfacilitatingtradeandculturalexchange.”DescribingherselfasanambassadorofculturalexchangeandmoderndayMarcoPolo,Viennanotedthat“IwantpeopletoknowaboutMarcoPoloandtheSilkRoad,butIalsowanttosendamessagetowomenofmyage—it’snevertoolatetopursueyourdreams.”4.WhydidViennaundertakethejourney?A.Tosetthelongesthikingrecord. B.TodohistoryresearchonChina.C.Toadvocateenvironmentprotection. D.Topromotecrossculturalmunication.5.WhatmotivatedViennatoplanajourneyfromVenicetoBeijing?A.HerlifelongfascinationwithChina. B.Herchildren’senthusiasmfortravel.C.AChinesestudent’sconstantsupport. D.TheideaofretracingtheancientSilkRoad.6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.TheinfluenceofBRI. B.Herunusualencounters.C.Herdetailedpreparations. D.Thedistanceofthejourney.7.WhydidViennasaythatinthelastparagraph?A.Toinspiretheold. B.TopraiseMarcoPolo.C.Tohighlightherstatus. D.Topopularizeherjourney.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了受馬可·波羅啟發(fā)，意大利人女性Vienna從威尼斯出發(fā)重走古絲綢之路的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asthefirstwomantoattemptretracingtheroute,Viennahopestobuildabridgeoffriendshipamongpeoplefromdifferentcountriesthroughherefforts.(作為第一個(gè)嘗試重走這條路線的女性，Vienna希望通過(guò)自己的努力，在不同國(guó)家的人民之間架起一座友誼的橋梁)”可知，Vienna進(jìn)行這次旅行是想幫助不同國(guó)家的人建立友誼，即促進(jìn)跨文化交流。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“In2018,thethoughtoffollowingthefootstepsofMarcoPoloinspiredhertomapoutajourneycovering22,000kilometersfromVenicetoBeijing,passingthrough15countriesinthreetofouryears.(2018年，追隨馬可·波羅足跡的想法激發(fā)了她的靈感，她計(jì)劃在三到四年的時(shí)間里，從威尼斯到北京，途經(jīng)15個(gè)國(guó)家，全程2.2萬(wàn)公里)”可知，Vienna之所以計(jì)劃從威尼斯到北京的旅行，是因?yàn)橄胍販毓糯z綢之路。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中Vienna所說(shuō)的話“Thejourneyismorethanjustapersonalchallenge.(這段旅程不僅僅是個(gè)人的挑戰(zhàn))”、“ItisamissiontowitnessfirsthandtheimpactofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)andtosharetheexperienceswiththeworld(見證中國(guó)“一帶一路”倡議的影響，與世界分享這份經(jīng)驗(yàn)，是一種使命)”和“Ihaveseenthebridges,highways,andrailwaysbuiltundertheBRI,whichconnectcountriesinawaythatechoestheSilkRoad’shistoricroleinfacilitatingtradeandculturalexchange.(“我看到了在‘一帶一路’倡議下修建的橋梁、公路和鐵路，它們以一種與絲綢之路在促進(jìn)貿(mào)易和文化交流方面的歷史作用相呼應(yīng)的方式將各國(guó)連接起來(lái))”可知，本段主要從Vienna的角度講述了“一帶一路”倡議帶來(lái)的巨大影響。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Vienna所說(shuō)的話“IwantpeopletoknowaboutMarcoPoloandtheSilkRoad,butIalsowanttosendamessagetowomenofmyage—it’snevertoolatetopursueyourdreams.(我想讓人們了解馬可·波羅和絲綢之路，但我也想向我這個(gè)年齡的女性傳遞一個(gè)信息——追求夢(mèng)想永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚)”可知，Vienna想告訴與自己同齡的老年女性要敢于追求夢(mèng)想。由此可知，她說(shuō)的話是為了激勵(lì)老年人。故選A項(xiàng)。CDowomenmakebetterdoctorsthanmen?Indatafromahostofdifferentcountries,patientsseenbyfemaledoctorsseemtodobetterthanthoseseenbymaleones.Thereasons,however,remainuncertain.Oneofthefirststudiestoexaminetheissuewaspublishedin2017byYusukeTsugawaofHarvardMedicalSchool,andcolleaguesbasedinBoston.Theauthorsanalysedthemedicalrecordsofaround1.5molderadultswhohadbeenhospitalisedinAmericabetween2011and2014.Theyfoundthatpatientswhoseprimarytreatmenthadbeenperformedbyafemaledoctorwereroughly4%lesslikelytodie,and4%lesslikelytobereadmittedtohospitalinthefollowing30days,thanthosewhoseprimarydoctorwasaman.Laterin2017anotherstudyfoundsimilartrends.Onedrawbackwiththestudiesisthattheyalllookbackatnaturallyoccurringdataratherthanrandomisedcontrolledexperiments.“Thiscouldhideanyunderlyingfactorswhichmightbereallydrivingtheeffect,”saysGavinStewart,anexpertatNewcastleUniversity.“Itcouldbe,forexample,thatfemaledoctorstendtobeassignedhealthierpatientsthantheirmalecolleagues.”Tocontrolsucheffects,studiesbyDrChristopherWallis,anexpertinthisfield,trytoaccountfortheimpactofdifferenthospitalsandproceduresintheiranalysis.Howeverthedataaresliced,femaledoctorsseemtodobetter.DrChristopherWallissays,“Ithinkit’saseriesofbehaviorsthatarelinkedwithgender(性別).”Pastresearchhasfoundthatfemaledoctorstendtospendmoretimewithpatients,aremorelikelytoprovidepreventivecareandtendtostickmorecloselytoclinicalguidelinesthantheirmalecolleaguesdo.Femalepatientsalsoreportbettermunicationandstrongerrelationshipwithfemaledoctors.Whateverthegenderoftheirphysician,though,femalepatientsseemtorespondbettertomedicalcarethanmalepatientsdo.Understandingwhysuchdifferenceswillhelpalldoctorsimprovetheirpractice.Forallthegoodthatcuttingedgemedicalequipmentandnewdrugscando,aphysician’sjudgmentduringmedicalcareseemstobeasimportantasever.8.WhatmedicalrecordsdoesYusuke’sstudyprobablyfocuson?A.Thedurationoftreatment. B.Hospitalstaff’sperformance.C.Medicalsystem’sevaluations. D.Patients’postoperationcondition.9.What’sthelimitationofpreviousstudies?A.Limitedfigures. B.Poorequipment.C.Generalanalysis. D.Healthierpatients.10.WhydofemaledoctorsdobetteraccordingtoChristopherWallis’study?A.Theyaremoredevotedtomedicalcare. B.Theyconductmoreclinicalexperiments.C.Theyaremoreskilfulinmunication. D.Theyhavemoreoperationalexperiences.11.Whatwillcontributetodoctors’betterpracticeprobably?AHighqualitydrugs. B.Advancedtechnology.C.Doctorpatientinteraction. D.Detailedmedicalguidelines.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了女性醫(yī)生在醫(yī)療效果上優(yōu)于男性醫(yī)生的原因——女性醫(yī)生更專注于醫(yī)療護(hù)理，能夠提供更加細(xì)致的臨床指導(dǎo)。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theauthorsanalysedthemedicalrecordsofaround1.5molderadultswhohadbeenhospitalisedinAmericabetween2011and2014.Theyfoundthatpatientswhoseprimarytreatmenthadbeenperformedbyafemaledoctorwereroughly4%lesslikelytodie,and4%lesslikelytobereadmittedtohospitalinthefollowing30days,thanthosewhoseprimarydoctorwasaman.(作者分析了2011年至2014年間在美國(guó)住院的約150萬(wàn)老年人的醫(yī)療記錄。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與主要由男性醫(yī)生進(jìn)行治療的患者相比，主要由女性醫(yī)生進(jìn)行治療的患者的死亡率約低4%，在接下來(lái)的30天內(nèi)再次入院的可能性低4%)”可知，Yusuke研究了這些患者的醫(yī)療記錄，其發(fā)現(xiàn)與患者的死亡率、一個(gè)月內(nèi)再次入院的可能性相關(guān)。由此可知，這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注的是醫(yī)療記錄中患者的術(shù)后情況。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onedrawbackwiththestudiesisthattheyalllookbackatnaturallyoccurringdataratherthanrandomisedcontrolledexperiments.(這些研究的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是，它們都是回顧自然發(fā)生的數(shù)據(jù)，而不是隨機(jī)對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn))”可知，以往研究的方法存在問(wèn)題，僅關(guān)注自然發(fā)生的數(shù)據(jù)，未進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的實(shí)驗(yàn)控制。因此，其缺陷在于只做了一般性的分析。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Pastresearchhasfoundthatfemaledoctorstendtospendmoretimewithpatients,aremorelikelytoprovidepreventivecareandtendtostickmorecloselytoclinicalguidelinesthantheirmalecolleaguesdo.(過(guò)去的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女醫(yī)生往往花更多的時(shí)間與病人在一起，更有可能提供預(yù)防性護(hù)理，而且往往比男同事更嚴(yán)格地遵守臨床指導(dǎo)方針)”可知，ChristopherWallis的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女醫(yī)生做得更好是因?yàn)樗齻兏鼘Ｗ⒂卺t(yī)療護(hù)理。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Forallthegoodthatcuttingedgemedicalequipmentandnewdrugscando,aphysician’sjudgmentduringmedicalcareseemstobeasimportantasever.(盡管尖端的醫(yī)療設(shè)備和新藥能帶來(lái)很多好處，但醫(yī)生在醫(yī)療過(guò)程中的判斷似乎和以往一樣重要)”可推知，醫(yī)患之間的交流可能有助于醫(yī)生更好地執(zhí)業(yè)。故選C項(xiàng)。DThesensationofanxietyisuniversal,butthehumanbody’sconsistentresponsetoanxietyactuallymaskstwodifferentkinds.Thefirst—growthanxiety—occursinresponsetochallengesthatareunfortablebutmanageable.Thesecond—toxicanxiety—arisesfromsituationsthatgobeyondone’sabilitytodealwith.Growthandtoxicanxietyhavemarkedlydifferenteffectsonourbrainandbody.Overthepastdecade,anxietyhasdevelopedareputationforruininghealth.Andmanypeopletrytoescapeitthroughmedication.Ingeneral,however,one’sperformanceunderpressurefollowsaninvertedUturn:Asstressgoesup,performancerisestoapeak,thendropsoff.Growthanxietycanpromotehealthandflexibility,muchinthewaythatphysicalexercisecanmakeusfitter.That’slikelybecauseacuteanxietycausesanincreaseintwohormones(荷爾蒙):cortisolandnorepinephrine.Cortisolstimulatesthebodytobemoreenergetic.Meanwhile,norepinephrinemakesyoumorefocused.Shorttermstresscanbebeneficialasalittleamountofcortisolcanstrengthenyourbrainfunctionofmemoryandlearning.Bycontrast,longlastingstressleadstorisinghormoneslevel,increasingone’schancesofdevelopinghealthproblemswhiledamagingbrainfunctions.Stressinresponsetoanongoingthreatisoneformoftoxicanxiety;anotheroccursinpeoplewithsocialanxietydisorderorgeneralizedanxietydisorder.Thosewithsuchoversensitivethreatdetectionprobablyhadalegupinaprehistoricworldfullofthreats,butinamodernone,suchstressisusuallypoorlyadapted—exceptintherarecaseswhenmodernlifepresentstruethreats,whichmanypeopleunderreactto.Formostpeople,however,turningtoxicanxietyintogrowthanxietyiswithinyourpower.Eachofushasadifferentsensitivitytostress.Thesamechallenge,suchasgivingapublicpresentation,couldbeterrifyingforonepersonandexcitingforanother.Butnomatteryourstresstolerance,evensmallinterventions—likegettingsufficientsleepandexercise—canhelppreventyoufromslidingdowntheinvertedUturn.Weshouldn’tfeargrowthanxietyanymorethanwedothesorenessthateswithahealthyworkout.Bothcanbeunfortablebutmakeusstrongerinthelongrun.12.Whatmakesgrowthanxietydifferentfromtoxicanxiety?A.Itssensorystimulation. B.Itshigherlevelofhormones.C.Itspositiveinfluencesonhealth. D.Itsoccurrenceinchallengingsituations.13.Howistoxicanxiety?A.Momentaryandadaptable. B.Continuousanddestructive.C.fortableandcontrollable. D.Changeableandunpredictable.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“hadalegup”inParagraph4mean?A.Developedaskill. B.Hadanadvantage.C.Tookanactivepart. D.Contributedtoacause.15.What’sauthor’ssuggestiononkeepingperformingwell?A.Setasidesometimetorelax. B.Avoidtakingdemandingtasks.C.Shouldermoreresponsibilities. D.Improvestresstoleranceability.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了兩種不同類型焦慮——成長(zhǎng)焦慮和有害焦慮，以及它們對(duì)健康和表現(xiàn)的影響?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Growthandtoxicanxietyhavemarkedlydifferenteffectsonourbrainandbody.(成長(zhǎng)焦慮和有害焦慮對(duì)我們的大腦和身體有明顯不同的影響)”、第三段中“Growthanxietycanpromotehealthandflexibility,muchinthewaythatphysicalexercisecanmakeusfitter.(成長(zhǎng)焦慮可以促進(jìn)健康和靈活性，就像體育鍛煉可以使我們更健康一樣)”和“Bycontrast,longlastingstressleadstorisinghormoneslevel,increasingone’schancesofdevelopinghealthproblemswhiledamagingbrainfunctions.(相比之下，長(zhǎng)期的壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致激素水平上升，增加患健康問(wèn)題的機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)損害大腦功能)”可知，成長(zhǎng)焦慮對(duì)健康有積極影響，而有害焦慮則可能導(dǎo)致健康問(wèn)題。因此，使成長(zhǎng)焦慮與有害焦慮不同的是它對(duì)健康的積極影響。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Bycontrast,longlastingstressleadstorisinghormoneslevel,increasingone’schancesofdevelopinghealthproblemswhiledamagingbrainfunctions.(相比之下，長(zhǎng)期的壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致激素水平上升，增加患健康問(wèn)題的機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)損害大腦功能)”和第四段中“Stressinresponsetoanongoingthreatisoneformoftoxicanxiety(對(duì)持續(xù)威脅的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)是有害焦慮的一種形式)”可推知，有害焦慮是持續(xù)的，并且通常具有破壞性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Thosewithsuchoversensitivethreatdetectionprobablyhadalegupinaprehistoricworldfullofthreats,butinamodernone,suchstressisusuallypoorlyadapted(那些具有這種過(guò)度敏感的威脅檢測(cè)能力的人在充滿威脅的史前世界中可能hadalegup，但在現(xiàn)代世界中，這種壓力通常很難適應(yīng))”中“butinamodernone,suchstressisusuallypoorlyadapted”可知，上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，下文說(shuō)具有過(guò)度敏感的威脅檢測(cè)能力的人很難適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代世界，由此推知，在史前世界他們可能具有某種優(yōu)勢(shì)，上下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。hadalegup意為“有優(yōu)勢(shì)”，與Hadanadvantage同義。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butnomatteryourstresstolerance,evensmallinterventions—likegettingsufficientsleepandexercise—canhelppreventyoufromslidingdowntheinvertedUturn.(但無(wú)論你的壓力承受能力如何，即使是小的干預(yù)——比如充足的睡眠和鍛煉——也可以幫助你避免在倒U形曲線上下滑)”可知，作者建議通過(guò)小的干預(yù)措施，如充足的睡眠和鍛煉，來(lái)保持良好的表現(xiàn)。這些措施實(shí)際上是在建議人們留出一些時(shí)間來(lái)放松和恢復(fù)，以提高應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的能力。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifthere’sonethingoneabsolutelyneverwanttoseeinanyrestaurants,it’sarat.Whenpresentinfoodpreparationareas,ratscaneasilycreateahealthandsafetydisasterseriousenoughtocloseyourrestaurantdown.____16____.Ratsofteneindoorslookingforfood.____17____Inspectyourkitcheneverynightbeforeclosingtoensurethattherearenoleftovers.Allfooditemsshouldbesealedinairtightcontainersandstoredcorrectly.Oneortworatscanbeswiftlydealtwith.____18____Theymultiplyquicklyifnottakencareofstraightaway.Tonipanyinvaders(入侵者)inthebud,bealerttosignsofrats:ratdroppings,chewedwood,paper,orfoodpackaginganddamagedfoodstores.Ifyouspotanyoftheabovesigns,takeimmediateactionandplaceafewrattrapsnearby.Foodleftoversandoutofdatefoodmakeupthemajorityofwasteproducedbyrestaurantkitchens.Thesmellfromanoverflowingtrashcanbringeveryratwithina5mileradius(半徑)toyourdoor.____19____Forexample,allfoodleftoversshouldbedealtwithimmediatelyandwrappedupsecurely,andtrashcansshouldbeemptiedregularlythroughoutthecourseoftheday.____20____Youcanhelptokeepratswellawaybykeepingtheoutsideofyourestablishmentclear.Thismeansdisbranchinganyovergrownplants,andclearingawayanystoringgarbageatleast20feetawayfromthebuilding.A.However,ratscanreproducethroughouttheyear.B.Cutdowntalltreesandcleargarbagecansfrequently.C.So,howtokeepyourrestaurantfreefromfurryinvaders?D.Anessentialstepis,therefore,properfoodhandlingandstorage.E.Makeafirmsetofruleswithregardstogarbageandsticktothem.F.Thickplantsandboxesleftoutbackcanencourageratstonestnearby.G.Successfullykeepyourrestaurantfreefromratsrequiresagroupeffort.【答案】16.C17.D18.A19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了餐廳防范老鼠的一些具體方法?！?6題詳解】前文“Ifthere’sonethingoneabsolutelyneverwanttoseeinanyrestaurants,it’sarat.Whenpresentinfoodpreparationareas,ratscaneasilycreateahealthandsafetydisasterseriousenoughtocloseyourrestaurantdown.(如果有一種東西是人們絕對(duì)不想在任何餐館看到的，那就是老鼠。當(dāng)老鼠出現(xiàn)在食物準(zhǔn)備區(qū)域時(shí)，很容易造成健康和安全災(zāi)難，嚴(yán)重到足以關(guān)閉你的餐館)”提到人們不想在餐館見到老鼠，老鼠的出現(xiàn)會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的后果，后文給出了具體的防范老鼠的方法，因此C項(xiàng)“So,howtokeepyourrestaurantfreefromfurryinvaders?(那么，如何讓你的餐廳遠(yuǎn)離毛茸茸的入侵者呢)”符合語(yǔ)境，提出餐廳防范老鼠的方法問(wèn)題，承前啟后，其中的yourrestaurant在前文有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，furryinvaders指代前文的rats。故選C。【17題詳解】前文“Ratsofteneindoorslookingforfood.(老鼠經(jīng)常到室內(nèi)尋找食物)”提到老鼠出現(xiàn)在餐廳內(nèi)的原因，后文“Inspectyourkitcheneverynightbeforeclosingtoensurethattherearenoleftovers.Allfooditemsshouldbesealedinairtightcontainersandstoredcorrectly.(每晚打烊前檢查廚房，確保沒(méi)有剩菜剩飯。所有食物應(yīng)密封于密閉容器內(nèi)，并妥善存放)”給出具體的處理和儲(chǔ)存食物的方法，因此D項(xiàng)“Anessentialstepis,therefore,properfoodhandlingandstorage.(因此，重要的一步是正確處理和儲(chǔ)存食物)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出要正確處理和儲(chǔ)存食物，和前文是因果關(guān)系，后文是對(duì)其具體說(shuō)明。故選D。【18題詳解】前文“Oneortworatscanbeswiftlydealtwith.(一兩只老鼠可以很快處理)”提到少量老鼠不構(gòu)成威脅，后文“Theymultiplyquicklyifnottakencareofstraightaway.(如果不及時(shí)處理，它們會(huì)迅速繁殖)”提醒要防范老鼠快速繁殖，因此A項(xiàng)“However,ratscanreproducethroughouttheyear.(然而，老鼠可以全年繁殖)”符合語(yǔ)境，提到老鼠全年繁殖，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文的提醒。故選A?！?9題詳解】前文“Foodleftoversandoutofdatefoodmakeupthemajorityofwasteproducedbyrestaurantkitchens.Thesmellfromanoverflowingtrashcanbringeveryratwithina5mileradius(半徑)toyourdoor.(剩飯剩菜和過(guò)期食物構(gòu)成了餐館廚房產(chǎn)生的大部分垃圾。滿溢的垃圾散發(fā)出來(lái)的氣味會(huì)把方圓5英里內(nèi)的老鼠都招來(lái))”指出餐廳產(chǎn)生的垃圾會(huì)招來(lái)老鼠的問(wèn)題，后文“Forexample,allfoodleftoversshouldbedealtwithimmediatelyandwrappedupsecurely,andtrashcansshouldbeemptiedregularlythroughoutthecourseoftheday.(例如，所有的剩飯剩菜都應(yīng)該立即處理并安全包裝，垃圾桶應(yīng)該在一天中定期清空)”舉例說(shuō)明應(yīng)如何處理這些垃圾，因此E項(xiàng)“Makeafirmsetofruleswithregardstogarbageandsticktothem.(制定一套關(guān)于垃圾的嚴(yán)格規(guī)則，并堅(jiān)持執(zhí)行)”符合語(yǔ)境，建議要執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的垃圾處理規(guī)則，是應(yīng)對(duì)前文問(wèn)題的方法，后文是對(duì)其進(jìn)行例證。故選E?！?0題詳解】后文“Youcanhelptokeepratswellawaybykeepingtheoutsideofyourestablishmentclear.Thismeansdisbranchinganyovergrownplants,andclearingawayanystoringgarbageatleast20feetawayfromthebuilding.(你可以通過(guò)保持房子外面的整潔來(lái)幫助趕走老鼠。這意味著要清除任何雜草叢生的植物，并清理離建筑物至少20英尺遠(yuǎn)的任何儲(chǔ)存垃圾)”主要建議清除屋外混亂的植物和儲(chǔ)存垃圾，以保持整潔，因此F項(xiàng)“Thickplantsandboxesleftoutbackcanencourageratstonestnearby.(茂密的植物和放置在屋后的盒子會(huì)促使老鼠在附近造窩)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出屋外的植物和盒子容易招引老鼠，引出后文的建議。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasawarmsummerafternoonattheJerseyshore.MyfouryearoldsonandIjustlovedwalkingalongthe____21____justbeforedinner.Onthisparticularday,theredidn’tseemtobetoomanyshells____22____upontheshore.Willbegan____23____whatevershellshesawlyinginthesand.“Will,”Isaid,“Youneedtofindshellslikethis.”IcontinuedasIheldupa____24____shapedshell.Willgavemea____25____lookandcontinuedonhisway.“Will,whydoyou____26____fillingourbucketwithshellsthatarebroken?”Igotalittleangry.Hereplied,“Mom,therearemoreshellsonthebeachthatarebrokenthantheonesthatyouare____27____for.We’llgetthebucketfilled____28____withthebrokenones.”True,Ithought,butwhowantsabucketfulofbrokenshells?Will____29____measifheknewwhatIwasthinking.“Mom,theseshellsarebroken,buttheyarestill____30____,”headded.Justthenhebeganmentingondifferentshells’____31____.“Ithasthecolorpurpleonit,Mom,noneofyourshavepurpleonthem.It____32____meofaclown.Thisoneislikethesun,and.theseonesarelikebutterflywings,”hesaidwithsuch____33____.Myeyesfilledwithtears,Ireachedmyhandintothebucketandbeganto____34____thefewperfectshellsIhadcollected.WillandIwalkedalongthebeach,collectingonlybrokenshellsinourbucketand____35____theirbeauty.Hiseyessparkedwithjoy,whichIhadneverseen.21.A.beach B.doorway C.path D.forest22.A.ran B.rose C.washed D.cheered23.A.pullingover B.takingon C.callingfor D.pickingup24.A.perfectly B.strangely C.differently D.sandy25.A.disgusted B.contented C.puzzled D.worried26.A.continue B.avoid C.postpone D.admit27.A.hoping B.waiting C.leaving D.searching28.A.more B.faster C.earlier D.better29.A.laughedat B.staredat C.turnedto D.talkedto30.A.useful B.respectful C.mindful D.beautiful31.A.colors B.shapes C.uniqueness D.perfection32.A.cures B.reminds C.convinces D.approves33.A.curiosity B.impression C.pride D.expression34.A.takeout B.turndown C.lookfor D.focuson35.A.painting B.producing C.exchanging D.admiring【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.B30.D31.C32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和兒子在海灘上散步，作者想要完美形狀的貝殼，而兒子總是撿起破貝殼，作者一開始有點(diǎn)生氣，但是在聽了兒子的理由后十分感動(dòng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我和四歲的兒子喜歡在晚飯前沿著海灘散步。A.beach海灘；B.doorway門口；C.path道路；D.forest森林。根據(jù)上文“ItwasawarmsummerafternoonattheJerseyshore.(這是澤西海岸一個(gè)溫暖的夏日午后)”可知，兒子沿著海灘散步。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)特殊的日子里，似乎沒(méi)有太多的貝殼被沖上岸。A.ran奔跑；B.rose上升；C.washed沖刷，洗滌；D.cheered歡呼。根據(jù)后文“upontheshore”指貝殼被沖上海岸。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：威爾開始撿起他在沙灘上看到的貝殼。A.pullingover靠邊停車；B.takingon承擔(dān)；C.callingfor要求；D.pickingup撿起。根據(jù)后文“whatevershellshesawlyinginthesand”指威爾撿起貝殼。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞/形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我繼續(xù)說(shuō)，手里拿著一個(gè)形狀完美的貝殼。A.perfectly完美地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.differently不同地；D.sandy沙地的。根據(jù)后文“fillingourbucketwithshellsthatarebroken”可知，作者教兒子撿起形狀完美的貝殼，而不是破的。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：威爾不解地看了我一眼，繼續(xù)走他的路。A.disgusted厭惡的；B.contented滿意的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.worried擔(dān)心的。根據(jù)后文“Mom,therearemoreshellsonthebeachthatarebrokenthantheonesthatyouare”可知，威爾沒(méi)有理解作者要完美貝殼的做法，繼續(xù)撿起破貝殼。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“威爾，你為什么一直往我們的桶里裝破貝殼？”A.continue繼續(xù)；B.avoid避免；C.postpone推遲；D.admit承認(rèn)。根據(jù)后文“fillingourbucketwithshellsthatarebroken”可知，兒子繼續(xù)撿起破貝殼，應(yīng)用continue表示“繼續(xù)”。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他回答說(shuō)：“媽媽，海灘上破碎的貝殼比你在找的要多。”A.hoping希望；B.waiting等待；C.leaving離開；D.searching搜索。根據(jù)上文“Youneedtofindshellslikethis.”此處指找貝殼，為短語(yǔ)searchfor。故選