小學(xué)畢業(yè)復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法突破

一、名詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據(jù)some、any、alotof等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“復(fù)數(shù)形式”：a．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；讀音：清輔音后讀[s]，濁輔音和元音后讀[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；讀音：[iz]。c．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；讀音：[z]。d．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；讀音：[z]。e．以“o”結(jié)尾的詞，一般直接加s，potato、tomato、mango除外：mango-mangoes；讀音：[z]。f．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice判斷步驟：↗如是am、is或was→原形讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看be動(dòng)詞↘如是are或were→加s或es練一練：1、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______mango_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______leaf_______people________2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。（1）Aretheretwo(box)onthetable?（2）Icanseesome(people)inthecinema.（3）Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?（4）Here’refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.（5）This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere.二、冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞”和“定冠詞”兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個(gè)，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。如：ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour…2、定冠詞：the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：（1）用來(lái)表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：Themaponthewallisnew.（2）表示說(shuō)話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Lookatthepicture,please.（3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.（4）用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：thesun太陽(yáng)themoon月亮theearth地球（5）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：theGreatWall長(zhǎng)城（6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：theChangjiangRiver長(zhǎng)江（7）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中一般都用定冠詞the。如：thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass確定用a、an還是the時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思。練一練：1、用a或an填空?！癠”ice-creamgoalkeeperteapotappleEnglishbookofficeunithourumbrella2、根據(jù)需要，填寫冠詞a，an或the。（1）Whoisgirlbehindtree?（2）oldmanhastwochildren,sonanddaughter.（3）Thisisorange.orangeisLucy’s.（4）Helikesplayingguitar.Wehavesamehobby.（5）WeallhadgoodtimelastSunday.（6）Shewantstobedoctor.三、數(shù)詞我們學(xué)過兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the”。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如：101a/onehundredandone3、用基數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：十八個(gè)男孩eighteenboys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯twobowlsofrice5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”，特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…“第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數(shù)詞。如：88eighty-eighth練一練：1、請(qǐng)翻譯下列短語(yǔ)。（1）60名學(xué)生（2）15本英語(yǔ)書（3）九杯涼水（4）4個(gè)孩子（5）12月31（6）6月2日（7）第九周（8）40年前（9）11+7（10）上學(xué)第一天2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。one---two---three---nine---fourteen---twenty---thirty-five---四、代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語(yǔ)，一般用在動(dòng)詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語(yǔ)，多用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰(shuí)的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞。請(qǐng)牢記下表：人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱Imeweusmymineourours第二人稱youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人稱hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits練一練：1、按要求寫出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。I（賓格）she（形容詞性物主代詞）we（名詞性物主代詞）he（復(fù)數(shù)）us（單數(shù)）theirs（主格）its（賓格）2、想一想，把下表補(bǔ)充完整。IitwemeyouthemmyHisyourminehers3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2）Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3）Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4）_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5）_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6）Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)7）Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)8）Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9）Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)10）_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________anurse.(she)11）Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12）Don’ttouch_________._________notacat,_________atiger!(it)13）_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)14）Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)：+er最高級(jí)：the…+est兩個(gè)重要特征：as……as中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r。如：late-later（2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter（3）以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier（4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)應(yīng)在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting（5）有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder…練一練：1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfatlightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow2、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Icanswimas(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare(big)thanmine.3)Ithinkyoudothesethings(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis(heavy),yoursormine?5)DoesJimrunas(slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’mvery(thin),butshe’s(thin)thanme.9)Itgetsand(warm)whenspringcomeshere.六、介詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,from…to…,atthebackof…2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有：at,on,in。（1）at表示“在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上”，或用在固定詞組中。如：atteno’clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend…（2）on表示“在某日或某日的時(shí)間段”。如：onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…（3）in表示“在某一段時(shí)間（月份、季節(jié)）里”。如：intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in2005…3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：inblue（穿著藍(lán)色的衣服），inEnglish（用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)），takepartin（參加）。練一練：1、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1)What’sthis(at,on,in)English?2)Christmasis(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman(with,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds(on,in)thetree.6)Wearegoingtomeet(at,on,in)thebusstop(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen’swritingpaperis(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?七、動(dòng)詞這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞（就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞）。動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量詞）”（如：一個(gè)、一張等）和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說(shuō)不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞；都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。（目前我們學(xué)過的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道）1、be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are,was,were）1）am—was,is–was,are--were口訣：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。2）肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.3）一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.4）be動(dòng)詞的否定形式：amnot（沒有縮寫形式），arenot=aren’t，isnot=isn’t。用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。練一練：1、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2）Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3）Thedog_______tallandfat.4）Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5）______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6）How_______yourfather?7）MikeandLiuTao______atschool.8）Whosedress______this?9）Whosesocks______they?10）Who______I?11）Thejeans______onthedesk.12）Here______ascarfforyou.13）Here______somesweatersforyou.14）Theblackgloves______forSuYang.15）Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.16）Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.17）Sometea______intheglass.18）Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.19）Mysister'sname______Nancy.20）______DavidandHelenfromEngland?21）There______agirlintheroom.22）There______someapplesonthetree.23）_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24）There_______somebreadontheplate.25）You,heandI______fromChina.26）There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、must、should、would、may、could、shall。注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,…注意：maynot和shallnot（無(wú)縮寫形式）練一練：選擇填空。()1)Thesignonthewallmeansyoustayawayfromthebuilding.A.mustB.can’tC.shouldn't()2)Howmanybooksyouseeonthedesk?A.mayB.canC.should()3)Itmeansyoumakenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB..shouldn'tC.can()4)---youlikeaglassofmilk?---Yes,please.A.MayB.CouldC.Would()5)---youseethesignoverthere?---Sorry,Ican’t.A.CanB.Can’tC.Should()6)wegototheparkbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall3、助動(dòng)詞（do,does,did）do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過去式did用于一般過去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動(dòng)詞do；助動(dòng)詞do,does,did后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。練一練：1、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。1)youlikethismagazine?2)Thegirllikebreadforbreakfast.3)---Whatsheattheweekends?---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.4)---WhatyoudolastSunday?---Iwrotetomyfriend.5)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera?---No,I.6)HenotvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.7)Theynotlikeplayingvolleyball.8)---JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?---Yes,he.9)HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)---Howmanykiteswehave?---Wehaveten.2、找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，將序號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi)，并改正。()1)DidyouhadabiglunchwithyourfamilylastSpringFestival?ABC()2)---Whatdotheboyhaveinhispencil-box?---Hehasarubber.ABC()3)Theydoesn’tlikethefilm.()4)DoJimgetupatsixeveryday?ABCABC()5)Don'tgivingtheballtoLiuTao.ABC4、行為動(dòng)詞就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動(dòng)名詞）+ing、過去式+ed。（1）動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“s”，如：play–plays,visit–visits,speak–speaks；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”結(jié)尾時(shí)，加“es”，如：catch–catches,watch–watches；C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y”為“i”再加“es”，如：carry–carries,study–studies。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go–going,do–doing,look–looking；B、以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的單詞，去“e”加“ing”，如：take–taking,make–making,have–having；C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫這個(gè)字母再加“ing”，如：put–putting,stop–stopping,run–running,get–getting,swim–swimming,sit–sitting,begin–beginning,jog–jogging,forget–forgetting。（3）過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant–planted,visit–visited,pick–picked；B、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾，直接加“ed”，如：like–liked,hope–hoped,taste–tasted；C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y”為“i”再加“ed”，如：try–tried,carry–carried,study–studied；D、有些動(dòng)詞要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加“ed”，如：stop–stopped；E、還有很多動(dòng)詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，請(qǐng)記憶：是-am(be)-was-being；是-are(be)-were-being；是-be-was,were-being；成為-become-became-becoming；開始-begin-began-beginning；彎曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing；買-buy-bought-buying；能-can-could-----；捕捉-catch-caught-catching；選擇-choose-chose-choosing；來(lái)-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do,does-did-doing；畫-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感覺-feel-felt-feeling；發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found-finding；飛-fly-flew-flying；忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成長(zhǎng)-grow-grew-growing；有-have,has-had-having；聽-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學(xué)習(xí)-learn-learned,learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；會(huì)見-meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；說(shuō)-say-said-saying；看見-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should----；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺-sleep-slept-sleeping；說(shuō)-speak-spoke-speaking；度過-spend-spent-spending。練一練：1、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。drink__________go____________stay__________make__________look__________have_________pass__________carry__________come___________watch__________plant_________fly________

study________brush_________do___________teach____________take__________see__________

2、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。put__________give__________fly_________get

________dance________sit_________run________plant_________take___________swim_________ask___________stop__________take_________write__________have__________smoke_________think__________want__________tell__________3、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式。is\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry___________ask________taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do

________

4、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（1）I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften_______toschoolwithme.Yesterdaywe_______toschooltogether.Welike________toschoolverymuch.

(go)

（2）Theyusually_______lunchathome.Butlastweek,they____lunchatschool.

(have)

（3）That______myEnglishbook.It_____new.Butnowit_____nothere.It______thereamomentago.

(be)

（4）Mysisterlikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.Lastterm,she_______alotofsongsintheschoolhall.She_____beautifully.

(sing)

（5）What_____heusually______onSunday?

Heusually______hishomework.Look!He__________hishomeworknow.

______he_______hishomeworklastSunday?

Yes,he_______.

(do)

（6）Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.Didyou_______mooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.I_______alotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)

八、there/herebe結(jié)構(gòu)1、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某時(shí)、某地存在著什么事物或人”，包括thereis、thereare、therewas、therewere。herebe結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過是表示“這里存在著什么事物或人”。2、和have、has、had的區(qū)別：（1）Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）；而have、has、had表示：某人擁有某物。（2）在therebe句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are；如有幾件物品，be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定——“就近原則”。（3）therebe句型的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。（4）therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人擁有某物。（5）some和any在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑問句。（6）and和or在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑問句。（7）針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語(yǔ)？Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語(yǔ)？（8）針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What’s+介詞短語(yǔ)？（9）Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個(gè)主語(yǔ)后面。練一練：1、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1)Therefourseasonsinayear.2)Therenotanytreestwoyearsago.3)---thereapostofficenearyourschool?---Yes,there.4)---Howmanystopsthere?---Thereonlyone.5)Therenotanystampsontheenvelope.6)thereanybirdsinthetree?7)Thereashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyear.Butnowtherenoone.8)Thereonlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.9)Heresomebreadforyou.10)InNewYork,therealotofraininspring.2、選用“have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere”填空。1)Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.2)atelescopeonthedesk.3)Heatape-recorder.4)abasketballintheplayground.5)Theyanicegarden.6)Myfatherastory-booklastyear.7)areading-roominthebuilding?8)WhatdoesMike?9)anybooksinthebookcase?10)Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?11)astory-bookonthetableamomentago.12)Whatdoyou?13)Myparentssomenicepictures.14)somemapsonthewall.15)amapoftheworldonthewall.16)David’sfriendssometents.17)manychildrenonthehill.九、some，any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑問句。請(qǐng)注意看例句后擴(kuò)號(hào)中說(shuō)明的用法。例：Thereissomewaterintheglass.（肯定句）Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.（肯定句）Therearen’tanylampsinthestudy.（否定句）Arethereanymapsonthewall?（一般疑問句）Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?（希望得到肯定回答）Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?（一般疑問句）練一練：選用some或any填空。1)Thereisn’tmilkinthefridge.2)Icanseecars,butIcan’tseebuses.3)HehasfriendsinEngland.4)Weretherefruittreesonthefarm?5)---Wouldyoulikecakes?---No,I’dnotlikecakes,butI’dlikecoffee.6)DoesTomwanttotakephotos?7)Istherericeinthekitchen?8)Therearenewbuildingsinourschool.9)Herearepresentsforyou.10)---Aretherepicturesonthewall?---No,therearen’tpictures.十、動(dòng)詞不定式1、to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，在這里不是介詞，無(wú)詞義。如：IwanttomakeaNewYearcard.我想制作一張新年賀卡。Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus?你愿意和我們一起去野餐嗎？2、to保留原來(lái)動(dòng)詞的一些特征，它可以帶自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。如：Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5.想快一點(diǎn)到那兒，你可以坐5路車。3、to前有時(shí)帶疑問詞what,when,where,which,why,how等。如：He’saskingYangLinghowtogetthere.他正在問楊玲怎樣到達(dá)那里?？偠灾?，一定要記?。簍o后面用動(dòng)詞原形。練一練：1、用擴(kuò)號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Peoplewouldlike(go)tofarmsinthecountryside.2)It’stime(have)lunch.3)Iwant(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.4)Pleaseshouwmehow(go)totheshoppingcentre.5)Thethiefbegan(run).6)Wouldyoulike(join)us?7)Don’tforget(write)“HappyNewYear”.8)Shewasveryglad(see)them.9)I’msorry(hear)that.10)Pleaseremember(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.2、圈出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并改正。1)Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus?3)Helen,showuxhowdrawingasquare.4)Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend.2)It’stimeforusgotoschool.5)LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter’sphotostohismum.十一、動(dòng)名詞其實(shí)就是動(dòng)詞的“現(xiàn)在分詞”。它既有“名詞性質(zhì)”（可作主語(yǔ)），又具有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)（可帶賓語(yǔ)）。如：Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.還有我們的一些課題：Askingtheway中是“名詞性質(zhì)”；Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.中是“動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)”，帶了賓語(yǔ)stamps.1、remember（記?。┖竺娓鷦?dòng)名詞，表示“記得做過某事”；跟to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示“記得要去做某事”。如：Irememberpostingthelettertoday.我記得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday.請(qǐng)記住今天要把信寄走。2、forget（忘記）后面跟動(dòng)名詞，表示“忘記做過某事（實(shí)際做過）”；跟to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示“忘記去做某事（實(shí)際沒做）”。如：Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning.我忘記今天早上做過作業(yè)了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning.我忘記今天早上做作業(yè)了。

3、stop（停止）后面跟動(dòng)名詞，表示“停止做某事”；跟to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示“停止正在做的事，而去做別的事”。如：Stopsmoking,please.請(qǐng)不要吸煙。Wearetired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我們累了，讓我們停下來(lái)休息一下。4、like（喜歡）后面跟動(dòng)名詞，表示一個(gè)人的愛好和習(xí)慣，意思是“喜歡干某事”；跟to+動(dòng)詞原形，常用于wouldliketodosomething，表示“某人想要、愿意干某事”。如：Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday.我喜歡每天晚飯后去散步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips.我想要吃些薯?xiàng)l。練一練：1、用擴(kuò)號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)(swim)isnotasfastasrunning.2)It’ssunnytoday.Let’sgo(fish).3)Doyoulike(read)Englishinthemorning?4)Areyougoodat(dance)?5)Whereisthe(shop)centre?6)Wouldyouliketogo(jog)withme?7)Myhobbyis(play)football.8)SuHailikes(watch)cartoonsonSundays.2、選擇擴(kuò)號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)I’msorry(hearing,tohear)that.2)Jimisgoodat(swimming,toswim).3)Shallwego(skating,toskate)?4)Today,myworkis(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.5)I’mgoing(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground.6)Ilike(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.7)Wouldyoulike(going,togo)totheGreatWall?8)JimisaskingLiuTaohow(getting,toget)totheHistory十二、時(shí)間和日期的表達(dá)1、有兩種時(shí)間表達(dá)法：A）直接讀寫數(shù)詞。如：9:15ninefifteen10:30tenthirty11:45elevenforty-five7:05sevenofive2:25twotwenty-five5:55fivefifty-fiveB）借助past和to來(lái)表達(dá)。past一般用于30分鐘以內(nèi)（含30分鐘）的時(shí)間表達(dá)；to一般用于超過30分鐘的時(shí)間表達(dá)。一刻鐘可以用aquarter表示，半小時(shí)可以用half表示。如：9:15aquarterpastnine10:30halfpastten11:45aquartertotwelve7:05fivepastseven2:25twenty-fivepasttwo5:55fivetosix注意：詢問時(shí)間可用句型“What’sthetime?”或者“Whattimeisit?”。2、日期的表達(dá)：the+序數(shù)詞+of+月份。如：thethirdofJune六月三日注意：詢問日期可用句型“Whatdateisittoday?”或者“What’sthedatetoday?”。練一練：1、用兩種方法表達(dá)下列時(shí)間。6:451:589:053:225:508:302、用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)下列日期。五月一日九月十日三月八日四月五日七月九日八月三日一月十五日六月二日十二月二十五日3、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1)---What’sthetime?---It’selevenforty-five.---isit?---It’s.2)It’ssevenofive.It’stimeforbreakfast.It’s.It’stime.3)---What’sthedatetoday?---It’s1stOctober.---isittoday?---It’s.十三、名詞所有格1、有生命的名詞所有格：A）單數(shù)后加“’s”，如：SuHai’stwinsister蘇海的雙胞胎妹妹Jim’sfamily吉姆的一家B）以“s”結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需加“’”，如：Teachers’Day教師節(jié)thetwins’parentsC）不以“s”結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則仍需加“’s”，如：Children’sDay兒童節(jié)注意：表示兩人或幾人共有的物品，只需在最后一人名后加“’s”，如：BenandJim’sbook2、無(wú)生命的名詞所有格，一般與“of”構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。如：aphotoofhisfamily他家的一張照片thecolourofherskirt她的短裙的顏色練一練：翻譯下列詞組：大衛(wèi)的叔叔我妹妹的郵票婦女節(jié)老師們的辦公室他筆友的信這本書的名字雙胞胎的書房孩子們的愛好郵局的大門十四、句子的種類類別例句用法標(biāo)點(diǎn)陳述句肯定Thisisabag.Ilikespring.描述一件事情或者說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人的看法.類別例句用法標(biāo)點(diǎn)陳述句否定Ican’tseeabagoverthere.Idon'tknow.描述一件事情或者說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人的看法.疑問句一般Areyouastudent?Doyoulikepuppets?CanyouspeakEnglish?用于提出問題?特殊when什么時(shí)間；who誰(shuí)；whose誰(shuí)的；where在哪里；which哪一個(gè)；why為什么；what什么；whattime什么時(shí)間；whatcolour什么顏色；whatabout……怎么樣；whatday星期幾；whatdate什么日期；whatfor為何目的；how怎樣；howold多大歲數(shù)；howmany數(shù)量多少；howmuch多少錢；howabout……怎么樣；howfar多遠(yuǎn)選擇Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?反意It’safineday,isn’tit?祁使句肯定Putithere.表示命令、建議或請(qǐng)求.或！否定Don’tlookatthenoticeboard.感嘆句Howsmartthescarfis!Whatasmartscarf!Howsmartthescarvesare!Whatsmartscarves!表示驚訝、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等強(qiáng)烈感情?練一練：1、填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~。1)walletisit?It’smine.2)istheChristmasDay?It’sonthe25thofDecember.3)isthediary?It’sunderthechair.4)istheboyinblue?He’sMike.5)aretheearphones?Theyare25yuan.6)isthehairdryer?It’sblue.7)isittoday?It’sSunday.8)wasityesterday?Itwasthe13thofOctober.9)thisredone?It’sbeautiful.10)isitfromhere?It’sabout2kilometresaway.11)A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?B:?A:Iwanttomakeakite.12)isyourcousin?He’s15yearsold.13)doyouhavedinner?At6o’clock.14)oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?Theblueone.2、對(duì)劃線部分提問。1)Icanseeeightrubbersinthebox.canseeinthbox?2)Myfatherisfinetoday.yourfathertoday?3)LiuTaoisplayingfootballintheplayground.LiuTaointheplayground?4)Thefilmswereontheground.thefilms?5)Thegirlwithbigeyesismysister’sfriend.sister’sfriend?6)Mybirthdayisonthe9thofSeptember.yourbirthday?7)I’dlikeanicecakeforbreakfast.likeforbreakfast?8)That’sNancy’sskirt.isthat?3、按要求改寫句子。1)It’sabook.（改為一般疑問句）ita