新概念英語第三冊Lesson+47+Too+high+a+price課堂筆記講義

Lesson47Toohighaprice?代價太高？、Pollutionistheprice(wepay定語從句，省略了連詞which)foranoverpopulated,overindustrializedplanet.（Whenyoucometothinkaboutit時間狀語從句）,thereareonlyfourways(youcandealwithrubbish定語從句):dumpit,burnit,turnitintosomething（youcanuseagain定語從句）,attempttoproducelessofit.污染就是我們?yōu)檫@個人口過密，過度工業(yè)化的星球所付出的代價。當我們開始考慮垃圾問題時，我們只有4種對付垃圾的方法：傾倒、焚燒、把垃圾變成再生材料或試圖少產(chǎn)生一些垃圾。overpopulated人口過盛eg.oversleep睡過頭overeat暴食overwork加班overweight超重cometodosth.開始著手做某事way=method方法dealwith處理，去解決（未完成）solve解決（已完成）rubbish(n.)[u]垃圾=garbage=litter=junk=waste=trasheg.apieceofrubbish一件垃圾dumptherubbish倒垃圾turnitintosomethingyoucanuseagain=recyclable(adj.)可循環(huán)利用的attempttodosth.=makeanattempttodosth.企圖做某事2、Wekeeptryingallfourmethods,butthesheervolumeofrubbish（weproduceworldwide定語從句）threatenstooverwhelmus.我們一直在試這4種方式，但是，我們在世界范圍內(nèi)僅產(chǎn)生的垃圾的量就有把我們覆蓋的危險。sheer(adj.)=pure純粹的，十足的eg.sheernonsense純粹的胡說八道，一派胡言我們能遇見純粹是個巧合。Itwasasheercoincidencethatwemet.asheerwasteoftime純粹浪費時間volume(n.)音量，量(大)eg.Turnthevolumeup/down.把音量調(diào)高/低。sheervolumeofwork十足的工作量在過去3年里，馬路上的交通量已經(jīng)上升了5%。Thevolumeoftraffichadrisenby5%inthepastthreeyears.overwhelm(v.)淹沒，（用作比喻）eg.這個村莊去年被洪水淹沒了。Thevillagewasoverwhelmedbytheflood.我被十足的工作量淹沒了。Iamoverwhelmedbythesheervolumeofwork.3、Rubbish,however,isonlypartoftheproblemofpollutingourplanet.Theneedtoproduce非謂語動詞作定語ever-increasingquantitiesofcheapfoodleadstoadifferentkindofpollution.Industrializedfarmingmethodsproducecheapmeatproducts:beef,porkandchicken.然而，垃圾只是我們這個星球的污染問題的一個方面。日益增長的對廉價食物的需求導(dǎo)致了另一種形式的污染。工業(yè)化的農(nóng)作方式生產(chǎn)出廉價的肉類制品——牛肉、豬肉和雞肉。quantities數(shù)量（復(fù)數(shù)）——quantity（單數(shù)）quality質(zhì)量asmall/large/vast/considerablequantityof+[c]/[u]少量的，大量的leadto=cause導(dǎo)致4、Theuseofpesticidesandfertilizersproducescheapgrainandvegetables.Theprice(wepay定語從句)forcheapfoodmaybealreadytoohigh:MadCowDisease(BSE)incattle,salmonellainchickenandeggs,andListeriaindairyproducts.使用殺蟲劑和化肥生產(chǎn)出廉價的谷物和蔬菜。為了廉價食物我們付出代價已經(jīng)太高了：牛肉中的瘋牛病，雞肉和雞蛋中的沙門氏菌，奶制品中的利斯特桿菌。pesticide(n.)殺蟲劑=pest+icide(eg.suicide自殺)害蟲，令人討厭的人或事物殺fertilizer(n.)肥料fertile(adj.)肥沃的，富饒的eg.fertileland/soil5、And（ifyouthinkyou'llabandonmeatandbecomeavegetarian,條件狀語從句：真實條件句）youhavethechoiceofveryexpensiveorganically-grownvegetablesorasteadydietofpesticideseverytimeyouthinkyou'reeatingfreshsaladsandvegetables,orjusthavinganinnocentglassofwater!如果你想放棄肉類而變成一位素食者，那么你可以兩者擇一：或是選用價格昂貴、有機培植的蔬菜，或是當你認為在享用新鮮色拉和新鮮蔬菜或飲用一杯無害的水的時候，實際上每次都不斷吃進殺蟲劑。vegetarian(n.)素食主義者——vegetable(n.)蔬菜organically-grown有機種植的（復(fù)合形容詞）organic(adj.)有機的，不使用化肥的eg.organicfood有機食品organ(n.)器官innocent(adj.)無辜的，清白的反：guilty(adj.)有罪的6、However,thereisanevenmoreinsidiouskindofpollution（thatparticularlyaffectsurbanareasandinvadesourdailylives定語從句）,andthatisnoise.但是，還有一種更加隱蔽有害的污染，它專門影響城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)，侵襲我們的日常生活，那就是噪音。insidious(adj.)潛伏的——inside(prep.)在里面eg.insidiousdanger潛伏的危險insidiousjealousy潛伏的忌妒invade(v.)侵略invader(n.)侵略者7、Burglaralarmsgoingoffatanytimeofthedayornightserveonlytoannoypassers-byandactuallyassistburglarstoburgle.Caralarmsconstantlyscreamatusinthestreetandareasourceofprofoundirritation.防盜警報器在白天和黑夜的任何時候都會響起來，它的作用只是騷擾過路行人，而實際上卻幫助竊賊入室行竊。在街上，汽車的防盜警報不斷對我們吼叫，這是人們極度煩燥的一個原因。burglar(n.)入室盜賊burgle(v.)入室盜竊burglary(n.)入室盜竊gooff離開eg.Thegunwentoff.槍走火了。Thefireworksgooff.煙花爆竹響了。servetodosth.有助于做某事=helptodosth.thief小偷robber強盜kidnapper綁匪smuggler走私犯shoplifter店鋪扒手(pocket-lifter)mugger攔路搶劫者assist(v.)協(xié)助，幫助——assistant(n.)助理assistsb.todosth.=helpsb.todosth.assistsb.withsth.=helpsb.withfound(adj.)深遠的，極度的eg.profoundeffect極度影響profoundself-confidence極度自信profoundignorance極度的無知irritation(n.)——irriate(v.)惹惱annoy(v.)使某人不悅eg.Themosquitoesannoyed/irritatedmeallthenight.蚊子整夜惹惱我。8、Arecentsurveyoftheeffectsofnoiserevealed（surprisingly?）（thatdogsbarkingincessantlyinthenightratedthehighestformofnoisepollutiononascalerangingfrom1to7.賓語從句）最近一個有關(guān)噪音的作用的調(diào)查（令人吃驚地）指出，夜間連續(xù)不斷的狗叫聲，在一個從1級至7級刻度表上應(yīng)列為最嚴重的噪間污染。incessantly(adv.)持續(xù)不斷地，無休止地=constantly=continually=endlessly=perpetually9、Thesurveyrevealedalargenumberofsourcesofnoisethatwereallydislike.Lawnmowerswhiningonasummer'sday,late-nightpartiesinapartmentblocks,noisyneighbors,vehiclesofallkinds,especiallylargecontainertrucksthunderingthroughquietvillage,planesandhelicoptersflyingoverhead,largeradioscarriedroundinpublicplacesandplayedatmaximumvolume.這個調(diào)查揭示了我們所不喜歡的大量的噪間的來源：夏天嗚嗚作響的割草機，公寓樓里深夜聚會的喧嘩聲，大聲吵鬧的鄰居，各式各樣的車輛，特別是穿越寂靜的村莊的集裝箱卡車，從頭頂飛過的飛機和直升機，被帶到公共場所、音量開到最大的大功率收音機。whine(v.)(長而高音的)嗚咽、哀嚎whineabout=complainabout抱怨thunder(n.)雷（v.）打雷，轟隆隆地響10、Newtechnologyhasalsomadeitsowncontributiontonoise.Alotofpeopleobjecttomobilephones,especially（whentheyareusedinpublicplaceslikerestaurantsoronpublictransport時間狀語從句）.Loudconversationsonmobilephonesinvadeourthoughtsorinterruptthepleasureofmeetingfriendsforaquietchat.Thenoisepollutionsurveyrevealedarathersurprisingandpossiblyamusingoldfashionedsourceofnoise.新技術(shù)也為噪音作了它的貢獻。許多人都反對移動式電話，特別是在如飯店，公共交通車等公共場所使用移動電話。用移動電話大聲交談干擾我們的思路，破壞我們和朋友在一起輕聲聊天所得到的樂趣。這個有關(guān)噪音的污染調(diào)查還揭示了一種出人意外而同時可能會引人意外而同時可能會引人發(fā)笑的老式噪音源。objectto反對11、Itturnedouttobesnoring!Menwerefoundtobetheworstoffenders.它竟然是鼾聲。人類是這方面的罪魁禍首。主語從句：Itturnedoutthat…竟然是=Sb.turnedouttodoeg.他們竟然互相認識。Theyturnedouttoknoweachother.=Itturnedoutthattheyknoweachother.你竟然是對的。Itturnedoutthatyouareright.=Youturnedouttoberight.offender(n.)冒犯者——offend(v.)冒犯eg.我被他的評論冒犯了。Iwasoffenderedbyhisremarks/words.12、Itwasrevealedthat20%ofmenintheirmid-thirtiessnore.Thisfigurerisestoastaggering60%ofmenintheirsixties.Againstthesefigures,itwasfoundthatonly5%ofwomensnoreregularly,（whiletherestareconstantlywokenorkeptawakebytheirtrumpetingpartners時間狀語從句）.Whateverthesourceofnoise,onethingiscertain:silence,itseems,hasbecomeagoldenmemory.調(diào)查指出，20%的35歲左右的男人打鼾；而到60歲這個年齡段，這個數(shù)字上升到令人驚愕的60%。與這些數(shù)字相比，只有5%的女性經(jīng)常打鼾；而其余則經(jīng)常被與她們同睡、像吹號似地打著呼嚕的男人吵醒或弄得睡不著。不管