第03輯開(kāi)學(xué)考試 專(zhuān)題02 閱讀理解說(shuō)明文+議論文20篇 （教師版） 2025屆新高三英語(yǔ)提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）

2025屆新高三英語(yǔ)提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）第03輯（開(kāi)學(xué)考試專(zhuān)輯）專(zhuān)題02閱讀理解說(shuō)明文+議論文20篇解析版目錄開(kāi)學(xué)考試說(shuō)明文專(zhuān)區(qū)1開(kāi)學(xué)考試議論文專(zhuān)區(qū)5（24-25高三上·云南昆明·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Asthepandemicmakesclear,citiesarepossiblyhumanity’sgreatestinvention,butcitieswithhugepopulationsalsomakeuseasilysufferfromtherapidspreadofdisease.Yethumansaren’ttheonlyspeciesthatfacethisproblem.Honeybeeshavelivedsociallivesfortensofmillionsofyears,makingthemsomeofthemostexperiencedinthebattleagainstinfection.Andovertime,naturalselectionhasgiventhemquiteafewimpressivestrategiesforreducingtransmissionwithinbeegroups.However,thesestrategiesarenotenoughtopreventeverythreat.Honeybeesarebattlingtheirownglobaldisease,forwhichtheyweretotallynotprepared.Aparasiticmite(寄生螨)originallyexistedonlyinthegroupsofAsianhoneybees,butlaterjumpedtoinfectWesternhoneybees.Today,ithasspreadtoeveryregionwherehoneybeesarekeptexceptAustraliaandahandfulofremoteislands,quicklybecomingaglobaldiseaseofthebees.Ifleftuntreated,agroupofbeeswilltypicallydiefromthemiteswithintwoyears.Theseinfections,plusfarmchemicalsandpoornutrition,haveforcedbeekeeperstostruggletokeeptheirbeesalive.Ofthe2.6millionhoneybeegroupsintheUS,overhalfofthemhaveparasiticmite.Andthat’sonlythecountofthosebeesthataretestedandreported;theactualnumbersarelikelymuchhigher.Beekeepershavestillmanagedtoslowlyincreasethenumberofgroupstheykeep,onaverage,butatamuchhighercost.Westernhoneybeesdidnotgrowwithparasiticmite,andtheWesternbeeslackthebehavioralfeaturesthoseAsianhoneybeeshave,likepermanentlyburyingthemembersinfestedbyparasiticmiteand,perhapsthemostextremestrategy,wherethebeesaresosensitivetoparasiticmitethattheycompletelydieassoonasinfected,sacrificingthemselvestopreventthemitefromreproducing.1.Whatmightbetheconsequenceoftheinventionofcities?A.Itmakesthepandemiccleartohumans. B.Humansareeasytargetsofquicklyspreadingdiseases.C.Citieshavemorepopulationthanever. D.Thespreadofdiseasebecomesfasterandfaster.2.Whatcanbelearnedabouthoneybeesfromthetext?A.Theyhavelivedwithinfectionformillionsofyears.B.Theyarenotpreparedforthepandemiclikehumans.C.Asianhoneybeesarefacingaparasiticmitefromthewest.D.Naturalselectionoffersthemstrategiestoprotecttheirspecies.3.What’sthemaintroublebeekeepersarefacing?A.Howtopreventthehoneybeegroupsfromdying.B.Howtocalculatetheexactnumberofhoneybeegroups.C.Howtocutdownonthecostofincreasinghoneybeegroups.D.Howtohelphoneybeeswithparasiticmite.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Aspecialspreadingdisease B.AsianbeesandWesternbeesC.Thepandemicandcitypopulation D.Honeybeesarestrugglingwiththeirowndisease【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了蜜蜂種群正在與寄生螨作斗爭(zhēng)，如果不及時(shí)治療，一群蜜蜂通常會(huì)在兩年內(nèi)死于螨蟲(chóng)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Asthepandemicmakesclear,citiesarepossiblyhumanity’sgreatestinvention,butcitieswithhugepopulationsalsomakeuseasilysufferfromtherapidspreadofdisease.(正如這場(chǎng)大流行所表明的那樣，城市可能是人類(lèi)最偉大的發(fā)明，但人口眾多的城市也容易使我們?cè)馐芗膊〉目焖賯鞑?”可知，城市的發(fā)明導(dǎo)致人類(lèi)很容易成為快速傳播疾病的目標(biāo)。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Andovertime,naturalselectionhasgiventhemquiteafewimpressivestrategiesforreducingtransmissionwithinbeegroups.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，自然選擇給了它們一些令人印象深刻的策略來(lái)減少蜜蜂群體內(nèi)的傳播)”可知，自然選擇為蜜蜂提供了保護(hù)物種的策略。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theseinfections,plusfarmchemicalsandpoornutrition,haveforcedbeekeeperstostruggletokeeptheirbeesalive.Ofthe2.6millionhoneybeegroupsintheUS,overhalfofthemhaveparasiticmite.(這些感染，再加上農(nóng)用化學(xué)品和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，迫使養(yǎng)蜂人努力讓蜜蜂存活。在美國(guó)的260萬(wàn)只蜜蜂群中，超過(guò)一半的蜜蜂都有寄生螨)”以及第四段中“ Beekeepershavestillmanagedtoslowlyincreasethenumberofgroupstheykeep,onaverage,butatamuchhighercost.(養(yǎng)蜂人仍然設(shè)法緩慢地增加他們平均飼養(yǎng)的蜂群數(shù)量，但成本要高得多)”可知，養(yǎng)蜂人面臨的主要問(wèn)題是如何防止蜂群死亡。故選A。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“However,thesestrategiesarenotenoughtopreventeverythreat.Honeybeesarebattlingtheirownglobaldisease,forwhichtheyweretotallynotprepared.(然而，這些策略并不足以預(yù)防所有威脅。蜜蜂正在與它們自己的全球疾病作斗爭(zhēng)，它們完全沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了蜜蜂種群正在與寄生螨作斗爭(zhēng)，如果不及時(shí)治療，一群蜜蜂通常會(huì)在兩年內(nèi)死于螨蟲(chóng)?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂正在與自己的疾病作斗爭(zhēng)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。（24-25高三上·廣東·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Honeyisasimplepleasure.It’seasytoforget,whileenjoyingitsluxurioussweetnessonasliceofbutteredtoast,thatitistheend-productofacomplicatedproductionlineinvolvingadvancedbiologicalmachineryandthousandsofskilledworkers.Honeystartsoutasnectar(花蜜),asolutionofvarioussugarsthatfloweringplantsproducetoattractinsectslikebutterfliesandallkindsofbees.Mostofthesevisitorsdrinkitdownonthespotasnutritionforthemselves.Afood-huntingworkerbee,though,doesthingsdifferently.Thebeestoresthenectarinitshoneystomachratherthandigestingit.Thestomachcanholdalotofnectar,uptoalmosthalfthebee’sunloadedbodymass,andfillingitmayrequireathousandflowervisits.Thetransformationofnectarintohoneybeginswhilethebeeisstillonthewing,asthehoneystomachproducesenzymes(酶)thatbreakdownthelarger,complexsugarmolecule(分子)intosmallerones.Onarrivalbackatthehive,wherebeesliveandwork,thebeeunloadsthenectarbygivingthesugarysolutiontootherworkers,whopassitbackandforthbetweeneachother,addingmoreenzymeseachtime.Onceitissufficientlysticky,themixtureislaiddowninthebeeswaxcellsofthehoneycombandtheworkerscontinuethedryingprocessbyfanningitwiththeirwings.Onlywhenthewatercontenthasbeenreducedtoabout18percent(fromabout75percentintheoriginalnectar)dotheysealthecellswithbeeswaxlids.Atthispoint,itiswellandtrulyhoney.Anaveragehiveproducesabout11kgofhoneyinaseason,whichrequiresthebeestoflyover1.5millionkilometersbetweenthem.Astandardjarofhoneyrequiresabout80,000km.Theeffortthathasgoneintomakinghoneyisworthrememberingwhenspreadingitontotoast—itcansurelyonlyaddtothepleasure.5.Whydoestheworkerbeestorethenectarinitsstomach?A.Todigestbetter. B.Toabsorbitsnutrition.C.Tokeepitforitsfuturefood. D.Toshareitwithotherbees.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Thecellsaresealedbystickysolution. B.Producinghoneyrequiresteamwork.C.Thedryingworkisdonebyfemalebees. D.It’scriticaltomaintainwaterpercentage.7.Howisthelastparagraphdeveloped?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bygivingdefinitions.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byprovidingexamples.8.Whichmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SkilledWorkersB.ASimplePleasureC.AdvancedandIntelligentCreaturesD.LuxuriousSweetnessfromDelicateWork【答案】5.D6.B7.A8.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了蜜蜂將花蜜轉(zhuǎn)換成蜂蜜的過(guò)程。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Mostofthesevisitorsdrinkitdownonthespotasnutritionforthemselves.Afood-huntingworkerbee,though,doesthingsdifferently.Thebeestoresthenectarinitshoneystomachratherthandigestingit.(這些訪客中的大多數(shù)會(huì)當(dāng)場(chǎng)喝下它作為自己的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。然而，一只覓食工蜂的行為卻不同。蜜蜂將花蜜儲(chǔ)存在蜜胃中，而不是消化它。)”以及第三段中的“Onarrivalbackatthehive,wherebeesliveandwork,thebeeunloadsthenectarbygivingthesugarysolutiontootherworkers,whopassitbackandforthbetweeneachother,addingmoreenzymeseachtime.(回到蜜蜂生活和工作的蜂巢后，蜜蜂通過(guò)將含糖溶液給其他工蜂來(lái)卸下花蜜，工蜂在彼此之間來(lái)回傳遞，每次添加更多的酶。)”可知，工蜂把花蜜存在胃里就是為了把它分享給其他的蜜蜂。故選D。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Onarrivalbackatthehive,wherebeesliveandwork,thebeeunloadsthenectarbygivingthesugarysolutiontootherworkers,whopassitbackandforthbetweeneachother,addingmoreenzymeseachtime.Onceitissufficientlysticky,themixtureislaiddowninthebeeswaxcellsofthehoneycombandtheworkerscontinuethedryingprocessbyfanningitwiththeirwings.(回到蜜蜂生活和工作的蜂巢后，蜜蜂通過(guò)將含糖溶液給其他工蜂來(lái)卸下花蜜，工蜂在彼此之間來(lái)回傳遞，每次添加更多的酶。一旦它足夠粘稠，混合物就會(huì)放在蜂窩的蜂蠟細(xì)胞中，工蜂們用翅膀給它扇風(fēng)，繼續(xù)干燥過(guò)程。)”可推知，蜂蜜的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程是需要團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的。故選B。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“about11kgofhoneyinaseason”“flyover1.5millionkilometers”“about80,000km”可推知，本段通過(guò)列數(shù)據(jù)的方式展開(kāi)。故選A。8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Honeyisasimplepleasure.It’seasytoforget,whileenjoyingitsluxurioussweetnessonasliceofbutteredtoast,thatitistheend-productofacomplicatedproductionlineinvolvingadvancedbiologicalmachineryandthousandsofskilledworkers.(蜂蜜是一種簡(jiǎn)單的快樂(lè)。在享受一片涂了黃油的烤面包上面的它那奢華甜味時(shí)，人們很容易忘記，這是一條涉及先進(jìn)生物機(jī)械和數(shù)千名熟練工作者的復(fù)雜生產(chǎn)線的最終產(chǎn)品。)”可知，第一段指出奢華甜蜜的蜂蜜是復(fù)雜工作的最終產(chǎn)品，接下來(lái)文章具體介紹了花蜜轉(zhuǎn)化成蜂蜜的過(guò)程。由此可推知，D項(xiàng)“精細(xì)工作帶來(lái)的奢華甜味”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選D。（24-25高三上·全國(guó)·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）AnewwaytogetridofHIVfromthebodycouldonedaybeturnedintoacureforinfectionbythisvirus,althoughithasn’tyetbeenshowntoworkinpeople.ThestrategyusesarelativelyrecentgenetictechniquecalledCRISPR,whichcanmakecutsinDNAtointroduceerrorsintoviralgeneticmaterialwithinimmunecells(免疫細(xì)胞).“Thesefindingsrepresentakeyadvancementtowardsdesigningacurestrategy,”researcherElenaHerreraCarrilloattheUniversityofAmsterdamintheNetherlandssaidinastatement.WhileinfectionwithHIVwasoncenearlyalwaysfatal(致命的),thosewiththeviruscannowtakedrugsthatstopitfromreproducing.Thisgivesthemanearlynormallifespan,aslongastheydiligentlytaketheirmedicineseveryday.Butwhenpeoplearefirstinfected,someofthevirusinsertsitsDNAintotheirimmunecells,whereitstaysdormant.IftheystoptakingtheirHIVmedicines,thisDNA“reawakens”andthevirusstartsspreadingthroughtheirimmunesystemsagain.Foracure,weneedsomewayofkillinganydormantvirusinthebody.Severalstrategieshavebeentried,butnonehavesofarbeenfoundtowork.Thelatestapproachusesagene-editingsystemcalledCRISPR.Originallydiscoveredinbacteria,thishomesinonaspecificDNAsequence,makingcutsinit.BychangingtheDNAsequencebeingtargeted,thesystemcanpotentiallybeturnedintoaformofgenetherapyformanyconditions,withthefirstsuchtreatmenthavingbeenapprovedlastyearintheUSandUKasacureforsicklecellanemia.SeveralgroupsareinvestigatingusingCRISPRwhichtargetsageneinHIVasawayofdisablingdormantvirus.Now,Carrilloandherteamhaveshownthat,whentestedonimmunecellsinadish,theirCRISPRsystemcoulddisableallviruses,removingthemfromthesecells.TheworkisduetobepresentedattheEuropeanCongressofClinicalMicrobiologyandInfectiousDiseasesinBarcelona,Spain,nextmonth.JonathanStoyeattheFrancisCrickInstituteinLondonsaysthatalthoughtheresultsareencouraging,thenextstepistrialsinanimalsandeventuallypeopletoshowthetreatmentcanreachalltheimmunecellswithdormantHIV.Someofthesecellsarethoughttoresideinbonemarrow,buttheremaybeotherbodysitesinvolvedtoo,hesays.“There’sstillafairamountofuncertaintyaboutwhetherthereareotherreservoirsinotherpartsofthebody,”hesays.ACalifornianfirmcalledExcisionBioTherapeuticshaspreviouslyshownthataCRISPR-basedapproachcanreducetheamountofdormantvirusinmonkeysinfectedwithasimilarvirustoHIV.9.HowdoestheCRISPRunderlyinglogic?A.CuringpeoplewhohaveHIV. B.Preventingvirusbreeding.C.Unneededtoabsorbdrugsregularly. D.ChangingDNA’ssequence.10.Whichdescriptionisthemostsuitablefortheunderlinedword“dormant”inparagraph4?A.Havingbiologicalactivitysuspended.B.Representedonacostofarmsinalyingpositionwiththeheadontheforefeet.C.Markedbyasuspensionofexternalactivity.D.Associatedwith,carriedout,orappliedduringaperiodofdormancy.11.Howdoesthegroupconducttheirresearchinparagraph7?A.Byerasingthevirusintothecell. B.Bytestingoutsidethebody.C.Bylaunchingaclinicaltrial. D.ByverifyingCRISPR’sefficiency.12.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetreatmentenablesittoreachthesystem.B.HIVisstilllivinginhumanbeings’marrow.C.Severalfunctionsshouldbeinvestigated.D.Thestrategyisstillregardedasaprospect.【答案】9.D10.A11.B12.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種利用CRISPR基因編輯技術(shù)來(lái)消除體內(nèi)HIV的新方法，盡管尚未在人類(lèi)身上證明其有效性，但這種策略有望成為治愈HIV感染的方法。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段“Thelatestapproachusesagene-editingsystemcalledCRISPR.Originallydiscoveredinbacteria,thishomesinonaspecificDNAsequence,makingcutsinit.BychangingtheDNAsequencebeingtargeted,thesystemcanpotentiallybeturnedintoaformofgenetherapyformanyconditions,withthefirstsuchtreatmenthavingbeenapprovedlastyearintheUSandUKasacureforsicklecellanemia.(最新的方法使用了一種名為CRISPR的基因編輯系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)最初在細(xì)菌中發(fā)現(xiàn)，它針對(duì)特定的DNA序列進(jìn)行切割。通過(guò)改變靶向的DNA序列，該系統(tǒng)有可能成為許多疾病的基因治療形式，去年美國(guó)和英國(guó)批準(zhǔn)了第一種治療鐮狀細(xì)胞貧血的方法)”可知，CRISPR的基本原理是通過(guò)改變DNA序列來(lái)進(jìn)行基因編輯，從而有可能成為多種疾病的基因治療方法。故選D項(xiàng)。10.詞句猜測(cè)題。由第四段“Butwhenpeoplearefirstinfected,someofthevirusinsertsitsDNAintotheirimmunecells,whereitstaysdormant.IftheystoptakingtheirHIVmedicines,thisDNA“reawakens”andthevirusstartsspreadingthroughtheirimmunesystemsagain.(但是當(dāng)人們第一次被感染時(shí)，一些病毒會(huì)將其DNA插入他們的免疫細(xì)胞中，并在那里保持dormant。如果他們停止服用艾滋病毒藥物，這種DNA會(huì)“重新喚醒”，病毒會(huì)再次開(kāi)始通過(guò)他們的免疫系統(tǒng)傳播)”可知，停止服用艾滋病毒藥物，進(jìn)入人體免疫細(xì)胞的DNA會(huì)“重新喚醒”，說(shuō)明之前這些DNA休眠了，dormant在此處的意思是“暫停生物活動(dòng)”。故選A項(xiàng)。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第七段中“Now,Carrilloandherteamhaveshownthat,whentestedonimmunecellsinadish,theirCRISPRsystemcoulddisableallviruses,removingthemfromthesecells.(現(xiàn)在，Carrillo和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)證明，當(dāng)在培養(yǎng)皿中的免疫細(xì)胞上進(jìn)行測(cè)試時(shí)，他們的CRISPR系統(tǒng)可以禁用所有病毒，將它們從這些細(xì)胞中清除)”可知，他們的研究是在體外進(jìn)行的。故選B項(xiàng)。12.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中“JonathanStoyeattheFrancisCrickInstituteinLondonsaysthatalthoughtheresultsareencouraging,thenextstepistrialsinanimalsandeventuallypeopletoshowthetreatmentcanreachalltheimmunecellswithdormantHIV.(倫敦弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的喬納森·斯托耶說(shuō)，盡管結(jié)果令人鼓舞，但下一步是在動(dòng)物身上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，并最終在人體內(nèi)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，以證明這種治療可以到達(dá)所有休眠的艾滋病毒免疫細(xì)胞)”和最后一段“ACalifornianfirmcalledExcisionBioTherapeuticshaspreviouslyshownthataCRISPR-basedapproachcanreducetheamountofdormantvirusinmonkeysinfectedwithasimilarvirustoHIV.(一家名為ExcisionBioTherapeutics的加利福尼亞公司此前已經(jīng)證明，基于CRISPR的方法可以減少感染與HIV類(lèi)似病毒的猴子體內(nèi)休眠病毒的數(shù)量)”可知，這種策略有其好處，仍被視為一種前景。故選D項(xiàng)。（24-25高三上·廣東·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）ArecentsurveyintheUSfoundthatGenZ-ersandMillennials(千禧一代)visitlibrariesmoreoftenthantheirparentsorgrandparents.Theyounglovelibrariesbecausetheyaresecure,comfortable,freeand—asmy11-year-oldwouldsay—“aesthetic”.ThismeanstheylookgoodinthebackgroundofanInstagrampostorTikTokvideo.Librariesarealsoagreatplacetomeetpeople.Ifyou’rebothyoungandinalibrary,chancesarethatyouhavesimilarinterests.Andthen,too,therearethebooks.GenZ-ersareturningouttobebigreaders,especiallyofpaperbooks.Eventhoughtheyhavesmartphones,themostlimitlesslydistractingdeviceseverinvented,intheirpockets,manyaredeliberatelychoosingtopickupapieceof15th-centurytechnologyinstead.Theylikethefactthatbooksareself-containedandrequireconcentration.Thereis,sometimes,asenseofnostalgic(懷舊的)cosplayinthewayyoungpeopleread.InNewYork,forexample,thelatestTikTok-fuelledcrazeisreadingwithstrangersinbars.Youhavetobuyaticketinadvance,andthenyouallgatherandsitinsilencefor30minutes,readingwhateverbookyou’vebroughtalong.Likeanexpensiveversionofgoingtothelibrary,exceptthatafterwardsyouallhaveadrinkandtalkaboutbooks.Theverythoughtofitmakesmesuffer,butthat’sbecauseI’machildofthe1970sand1980s.Tome,readingisaprivatepleasure,whilescreens—TVorcinema—aresocial.Ididonce,inafitofambitiousparenting,introducea“familyreadinghour”,duringwhichmyhusbandandchildrenwerepressedtojoinmeatthefiresideforsomesilentreading.Itcouldnothavefeltmoreperformativeifwehaddressedupintophatsandcrinolines(舊時(shí)的裙襯).Butstill,Iapplaudtheseyoungreaders—forknowingwhatisgoodforthem,forseekingouthumanconnection,forfindingthebeautyandpleasureinoldinstitutions,andforbringingnewlifetothelibrary.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aesthetic”inparagraphlmean?A.Visuallyappealing. B.Similarlyprivate.C.Spirituallyrelaxing. D.Economicallypractical.14.Whydomanyyoungpeoplechoosetoreadpaperbooksdespitehavingsmartphones?A.Paperbooksarecheaperthansmartphones.B.Paperbooksareeasiertocarryaround.C.Paperbooksareaformofnostalgicentertainment.D.Paperbooksofferadistraction-freereadingexperience.15.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.ThepopularityofTikTokinNewYork.B.Agatheringattendedbystrangersfreeofcharge.C.Anewreadingtrendintegratingtheoldandnew.D.Historicalcostumesandtheirappealtoyoungreaders.16.Whydoestheauthormentiona“familyreadinghour”inparagraph4?A.Tohighlighthersuccessinparentingthechildren.B.Toillustrateherattempttocombinepersonalandjointreadinghabits.C.Tocriticizethelackofinterestinperformanceamongfamilymembers.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofdressingformallyduringfamilyactivities.【答案】13.A14.D15.C16.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了Z世代和千禧一代喜歡去圖書(shū)館的原因、新的讀書(shū)方式、作者的讀書(shū)見(jiàn)解。13.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theyounglovelibrariesbecausetheyaresecure,comfortable,freeand—asmy11-year-oldwouldsay—‘a(chǎn)esthetic’.ThismeanstheylookgoodinthebackgroundofanInstagrampostorTikTokvideo.”（年輕人喜歡圖書(shū)館，因?yàn)樗鼈儼踩?、舒適、免費(fèi)，而且——正如我11歲的兒子所說(shuō)——‘a(chǎn)esthetic’。這意味著它們?cè)贗nstagram帖子或TikTok視頻的背景中看起來(lái)很好。）可知，劃線詞aesthetic意思是“有美感的，視覺(jué)上吸引人的”。A.Visuallyappealing視覺(jué)上很吸引人；B.Similarlyprivate同樣私密；C.Spirituallyrelaxing精神放松；D.Economicallypractical經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用。故選A。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Eventhoughtheyhavesmartphones,themostlimitlesslydistractingdeviceseverinvented,intheirpockets,manyaredeliberatelychoosingtopickupapieceof15th-centurytechnologyinstead.Theylikethefactthatbooksareself-containedandrequireconcentration.”（盡管他們口袋里有智能手機(jī)，這種有史以來(lái)最具干擾性的設(shè)備，許多人還是故意選擇拿起一件15世紀(jì)的技術(shù)。他們喜歡書(shū)籍是自成一體的，需要集中注意力。）可知，許多年輕人選擇閱讀紙質(zhì)書(shū)籍是因?yàn)榧堎|(zhì)書(shū)籍提供了一個(gè)無(wú)干擾的閱讀體驗(yàn)。故選D。15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“InNewYork,forexample,thelatestTikTok-fuelledcrazeisreadingwithstrangersinbars.Youhavetobuyaticketinadvance,andthenyouallgatherandsitinsilencefor30minutes,readingwhateverbookyou’vebroughtalong.Likeanexpensiveversionofgoingtothelibrary,exceptthatafterwardsyouallhaveadrinkandtalkaboutbooks.”（例如，在紐約，最新的TikTok熱潮是在酒吧里與陌生人一起閱讀。你必須提前買(mǎi)票，然后大家聚在一起，安靜地坐30分鐘，讀你帶來(lái)的任何一本書(shū)。就像去圖書(shū)館的昂貴版本，除了之后你們都喝一杯，談?wù)摃?shū)。）可知，第三段主要講的是一種融合了舊與新的新的閱讀趨勢(shì)。故選C。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ididonce,inafitofambitiousparenting,introducea‘familyreadinghour’,duringwhichmyhusbandandchildrenwerepressedtojoinmeatthefiresideforsomesilentreading.Itcouldnothavefeltmoreperformativeifwehaddressedupintophatsandcrinolines(舊時(shí)的裙襯).”（有一次，在雄心勃勃的育兒沖動(dòng)下，我推出了“家庭閱讀時(shí)間”，在此期間，我的丈夫和孩子們被迫和我一起在爐邊默讀。如果我們戴上大禮帽，穿上裙襯，也不會(huì)感覺(jué)更有表演感。）可知，作者提到“家庭閱讀時(shí)間”是為了說(shuō)明她試圖將個(gè)人和共同的閱讀習(xí)慣結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選B。（24-25高三上·山西·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustry’soddlovefor“l(fā)owtechnology”,aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanshipthatexistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwitter’sdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretationoflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting.”AtGoogle’soffice,anentireflooriscarpetedingrass.Facebook’ssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingpath.

OlleLundberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectionstothemakerinourlives,andourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelimpoverished(貧乏的),becausethey’resurroundedbythedigitalworld,”hesays.“They’relookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentity,andwe’vefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.”

Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justafterIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”Morrissaid.

Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestoreourmentalabilities.InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“forest-bathe”,takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.

Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplvin,aprofessorofenvironmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironments.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice—evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottages.17.Whydidthewritermentionthetwonineteenth-centurycottages?A.ToshowthatTwitterishavingahardtime.B.Toshowthatoldcottagesareinneedofprotection.C.ToshowthatearlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinMontana.D.ToshowthatInternetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnology.18.Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat_____.A.isrelatedtonature B.isoutofdatetodayC.consumestoomuchenergy D.existsinthevirtualworld19.What’sthemainideaofParagraph5?A.Humanbeingshavedestroyedmanypre-industrialarts.B.Humanbeingshaveatraditionofvaluingartsandcrafts.C.Humanbeingscanbecomeintelligentbylearninghistory.D.Humanbeingscanregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines.20.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PastGlories,FutureDreamsB.TheVirtualWorld,theRealChallengeC.High-techCompanies,Low-techOfficesD.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity【答案】17.D18.A19.B20.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。本文講述的是關(guān)于現(xiàn)代科技公司運(yùn)用“大自然對(duì)人們創(chuàng)造力產(chǎn)生作用”的理念，積極創(chuàng)設(shè)原生態(tài)的辦公環(huán)境。這里提到的低科技指的是工業(yè)化之前的建造技術(shù)，它更貼近自然。在自然的辦公環(huán)境下，職員們不會(huì)感到有壓力，對(duì)他們的健康是有好處的。17.推理判斷題。第二段中的“Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwitter’sdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretationoflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.（低科技不是虛擬的——因此，為了利用它，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司必須發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力。這些在十九世紀(jì)末手工建造的被拯救的木屋就是一個(gè)明顯的例子，但Twitter的設(shè)計(jì)卻處于極端。其他公司正在使用更寬泛的低科技解釋?zhuān)瑢?zhuān)注于自然。）”以及最后一段“Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice---evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers

---felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying（她的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在辦公室里能接觸大自然的員工——哪怕只是看到樹(shù)木和鮮花——都會(huì)感到工作壓力更小，更令人滿(mǎn)意）”可知，作者給出兩座十九世紀(jì)的小屋例子，表明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了低技術(shù)的好處。故選D。18.推理判斷題。第二段中的“Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustry’soddloveaffairwith“l(fā)owtechnology,”aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld（“低技術(shù)”是一個(gè)與自然世界相關(guān)的概念）”第三中作者給出的例子“Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenaturalpark-likesetting（在一個(gè)更自然、公園般的環(huán)境中工作和社交）”以及最后一段中“Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice---evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers---felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying（能夠在辦公室接觸大自然的員工——哪怕只是看到樹(shù)木和鮮花——都覺(jué)得自己的工作壓力更小，更令人滿(mǎn)意）”可以判斷出，“低科技”跟大自然有關(guān)，即在一個(gè)天然的環(huán)境下，故選A。19.主旨大意題。第五段中的“Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justafterIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”Morrissaid.

（這種以工藝為基礎(chǔ)的理論根植于歷史。英國(guó)藝術(shù)家兼作家威廉·莫里斯(WilliamMorris)在工業(yè)革命剛剛結(jié)束的19世紀(jì)60年代，又回到了前工業(yè)時(shí)代的藝術(shù)。工藝美術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)反對(duì)機(jī)器?！皼](méi)有創(chuàng)造性的人類(lèi)職業(yè)，人們就會(huì)與生活脫節(jié)，”莫里斯說(shuō)。）”?？芍?，人類(lèi)有重視工藝美術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)。故選B。20.主旨大意題。這篇文章中作者告訴我們，現(xiàn)代的高科技公司需要有創(chuàng)造力，要充分的利用以前的低科技技術(shù)，創(chuàng)設(shè)更加原生態(tài)的辦公環(huán)境。文中第三段與第四段舉例，現(xiàn)代高科技的辦公室運(yùn)用“l(fā)owtechnology”。且“l(fā)owtechnology”是文章的中心詞。故用C項(xiàng)“高科技公司、低科技辦公室”作為題目是最合適的。故選C。（24-25高三上·云南玉溪·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Peoplehaveunderstoodthatkindnessisgoodforthepersonwhoreceiveshelp.Forexample,whenwegivefoodtoahungryperson,heisblessed.However,scientistshaverecentlybeguntostudytheeffectkindnesshasonthepersongivingit.Whattheyhavefoundisthatdoinggoodisgoodforthedoer.Actsofkindnesscanimprovehealth,helpapersonreachgoalsandevenaddyearstoaperson'slife.Thefirststudytoshowtheconnectionbetweendoinggoodandlivingalonglifewasastudyonaging.Beginningin1956,scientistsstudiedagroupofmarriedmothersfor30years.Theythoughtthewomenwiththemostchildrenwoulddiefirst.Butthenumberofchildrenawomanhaddidnotmatter.Wealthdidnotmatter.Educationdidnotmatter.Whatdidmatterwaswhethertheyvolunteered.Womenthatvolunteeredhadfewerdiseasesduringtheirlife.Manyotherstudieshavefoundthesamepositiveeffects.Helpingotherpeopleimproveslong-termhealth.Thegainsarethesameforthemen,women,oldpeopleandtheyoung.Thosewhovolunteeredhadfewerseriousdiseasesthanthosewhodidnotvolunteer.Thisincludeddiseasessuchasheartattack,cancerandstroke.Scientistsareresearchingmanypossiblecauses.Onepossiblecauseisanincreaseandantibodies(抗體),whichhelpfightagainstdisease.Onestudyshowedthebodyproducesmoreantibodiesafteranactofkindness.Thisincreaseinantibodiescanlastnearlyanhourafteroneactofkindnessisfinished.Anotheroneisanincreaseinchemicalthatfightstheeffectsofstressfromlife.Scientistshavefoundalinkbetweenbeingkindtopeopleandanincreaseinthechemicaloxytocin(催產(chǎn)素).Oxytocinisachemicalproducedinthebrain.Itreducesmanyoftheharmfulchemicalsthebodyproducesunderstress.21.Whatdidthestudyinparagraph2show?A.Diseasesagepeoplefast. B.Doinggoodisgoodforone’shealth.C.Womenwithmorekidsdieearlier. D.Alongmarriageleadstoalonglife.22.Whatcanweinferaboutantibodiesfromparagraph4?A.Moreantibodiesmaynotbegood. B.Theyhelppeoplereducepressure.C.Theyincrease