湖南省岳陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題 含解析

岳陽市2024年高中教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測試卷高一英語本試卷共12頁，共67道小題，滿分120分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級、考號、姓名和座位號填寫在答題卡指定位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi);如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無效。4.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，只交答題卡。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whocuttheman’shairthistime?A.Ahairdresser.B.Hisfather.C.Hismother.2.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Lendherabook.B.Gotravelingwithher.C.Givehersomesuggestions.3.Whathavesportsmainlyhelpedthewomando?A.Makefriends.B.Improvehealth.C.Performbetteratwork.4.Whenwillthemeetingprobablystart?A.At5:30p.m.B.At5:40p.m.C.At5:50p.m.5.WhyisSarahunabletoattendtheevent?A.Sheisill.B.Sheistraveling.C.Sheisbusyworking.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewomandoingintheconversation?A.Doingajobinterview.B.Sellingaproduct.C.Sharinghersuccessstory.7.WhatdidthewomanuseAItodo?A.Shecreatedawebsite.B.Shestartedabusiness.C.Shedesignedposts.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atapark.B.Atapetshop.C.Atthewoman’shome.9.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Writerandfan.B.Radiohostandguest.C.Teacherandstudent.11.Whattypeofbookarethespeakersdiscussing?A.AfictionnovelB.AtextbookC.Asciencebook12.Whatkindoflanguageisusedinthebook?A.Professionallanguage.B.Simplelanguage.C.Funnylanguage.13.Whichsubjectwasthewomangoodatinschool?A.Math.B.Science.C.English.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。14.Whereisthebiggestareaofrubbishlocated?A.InthePacificOcean.B.IntheIndianOcean.C.IntheAtlanticOcean.15.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttherubbishareasintheoceans?A.Discouraged.B.Uninterested.C.Shocked.16.Whatdopeoplemainlyfindintherubbish?AMetal.B.Plastic.C.Glass.17.Whatisthebestwaytodealwiththerubbishaccordingtothewoman?A.Puttingitundertheocean.B.Usingspecialboatstocollectit.C.Recyclingitbeforeitgetsintotheocean.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。18.Whatwillthespeakerstudyatuniversity?A.History.B.Buildingdesign.C.Hotelmanagement.19.Whatdidthespeaker’sfatherofferher?A.Aflightticket.B.Atraditionalwinebottle.C.Alistofmust-seebuildings.20.HowmanyfloorsdoestheCITICTowerhaveintotal?A.108floors.B.115floors.C.128floors.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWelcometoPodcasts!Accordingtothesurvey:thisweek’smostpopularbooks,wehighlyrecommendfourbookstoyou.WhenSheWasPrincessIn1945,thewomanwhowastobecomeQueenElizabethII(andrecentlycelebrated70yearsontheBritishthrone)wasaged19,keenlyawareofthedutiesofthecrownandalreadyshowingsignsofaquietdeterminationtofacethechallengesthatlayahead.ParentalAsAnything,withMaggieDentParentingauthorMaggieDentshareswhattodoifyourkidsarefightingovereverylittlethingandothercommonparentingdilemmas.Therearepracticaltipsandanswersoneverythingaffectingchildrenofallagesfromshynesstoscreentime,avoidinghomeworktotantrumsandmore.GetMovingKeepMovingPassionateaboutpsychologyandexercisescience,DrSpencehascombinedthetwointhisbooktoexplorewhyexerciselosesitslustre(光澤)asweage,andshowsushowthechallengeofreturningtoexercisecanbeovercomeandthepossibilitiesthiscreatesforageingwell.Usingpersonalstories,thiseasy-to-readguideempowersreaderstotakechargeoftheirhealth,reconnectwiththeirphysicalself,andsetthemselvesupforalonger,healthierlife.The“HarryPotter”SeriesbyJ.K.RowlingonAudibleHarryPotterneedslittleintroduction,buttheaudiobooksavailableonAudible(subscription)canbeagreatwaytointroducekidstoHogwarts-andforthosewhohavereadthebooks,torevisitHarry,HermioneandRon.HOWTOGETPODCASTSTolistenontheweb:Inasearchengine,lookupTheCommune,forexample,andclickontheplaybutton.Todownload:DownloadanappsuchasPodcatchersoriTunesonyourphoneortabletandsimplysearchbytitle.1.Whichbooktalksabouthowtogetalongwithkidsintheirfamily?A.WhenSheWasPrincess B.ParentalAsAnythingC.GetMovingKeepMoving D.The‘HarryPotter’Series2.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.J.K.RowlingintroducesadultstoHogwarts.B.MaggieDentshareshowtosticktoexercise.C.QueenElizabethIIcameintopowerwhenshewas19.D.DrSpenceusespersonalstoriestoleadreaderstoliveahealthierlife.3.Whatcolumn(專欄)inamagazinemightthepassagecomefrom?A.Literature. B.Health. C.Sports. D.Science.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本暢銷書的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ParentingauthorMaggieDentshareswhattodoifyourkidsarefightingovereverylittlethingandothercommonparentingdilemmas.Therearepracticaltipsandanswersoneverythingaffectingchildrenofallagesfromshynesstoscreentime,avoidinghomeworktotantrumsandmore.(育兒作家瑪吉·登特分享了如果你的孩子為每一件小事和其他常見的育兒困境而爭吵時(shí)該怎么做。從害羞到看屏幕，從逃避作業(yè)到發(fā)脾氣等等影響各個(gè)年齡段孩子的事情，都有實(shí)用的建議和答案)”可知，ParentalAsAnything講的是如何與家里的孩子相處。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Usingpersonalstories,thiseasy-to-readguideempowersreaderstotakechargeoftheirhealth,reconnectwiththeirphysicalself,andsetthemselvesupforalonger,healthierlife.(通過個(gè)人故事，這本易于閱讀的指南使讀者能夠掌控自己的健康，重新與他們的身體自我聯(lián)系，并為更長壽，更健康的生活做好準(zhǔn)備)”可知，斯賓塞博士用個(gè)人故事引導(dǎo)讀者過上更健康的生活。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WelcometoPodcasts!Accordingtothesurvey:thisweek’smostpopularbooks,wehighlyrecommendfourbookstoyou.(歡迎來到播客！根據(jù)調(diào)查：本周最受歡迎的書，我們向你強(qiáng)烈推薦四本書)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四本暢銷書的情況。由此推知，文章也許選自雜志的文學(xué)專欄。故選A。BAsanundergraduateinMumbai,India,SaadBhamladosomethingrewardingforhisgrandparents.Theproblemwas,hisgrandparentssufferedfromage-relatedhearinglossanddesperatelyneededhearingaids.Saad’sheartsankwhenhediscoveredthatthepriceswereshockinglyhighandfarbeyondhismeans.Determinedtofindasolution,hedevotedhimselftohisstudiesandresearch.Now,15yearslater,theprofessorhasinventedadevicetohelptheoldacrosstheglobe:Acheaphearingaid.Thepracticaldevice,describedinanewstudy,couldhelprestorehearingtomillionssufferingfromage-relatedhearinglossforlessthanthepriceofabottleofwater.Thedeviceisthesizeofamatchboxandcanbewornlikeanecklace.Atbulk(批量)rates,Bhamlasays,itwouldcostjustunder$1tomake.Inlowandmiddle-incomecountries,only3%ofpeoplewithage-relatedhearinglosswearhearingaids,andincountriesliketheUnitedStates,theadoptionratehovers(徘徊)atabout20%,accordingtoBhamla.Asidefromconcernsaboutcost,Bhamlasays,“alotofpeopledon’trealizetheyhavehearinglossandthenthereisthesocialprejudiceofwearingtheaid.Thosewiththeaidswouldbelookeddownupon.”Bhamlaadded“Ifthesecost-effectivedeviceswereputintouse,theycouldbenefitmanypeople.Intheory,ifhearingproblemsarealleviated(緩解),people’scognitivepathwayswillbechanged,theriskofAlzheimer’sdiseasereduced.”Bhamlawantsbiomedicaldevicestobeascheapandaccessibleasconsumerelectronics.Hestillrememberstheexperienceoflearningthathecouldn’taffordtohelphisgrandparents.“IthoughtowningalaptopandacellphonemeantIhadthemeanstopurchasehearingaids,butthenIrealizedhowexpensivetheywere,”herecalls.“SoIunderstoodtheworldmoreclearly.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restore”inparagraph2probablymean?ADamage. B.Recover. C.Repeat. D.Remember.5.WhichisNOTthereasonforalowpercentageofhearingaidsadoptionaroundtheworld?A.Somepeopleareunawareoftheirhearingloss. B.Somepeopleareconcernedaboutthehighprice.C.Somepeopletakenonoticeofsocialprejudice. D.Somepeopleareafraidofbeinglookeddownupon.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Bhamlawantstomakealotofmoneyfromhisinvention.BBhamlawantstomakehearingaidsaffordableforpeople.C.Bhamlawasunwillingtobuyhearingaidsforhisgrandparents.D.Bhamlastartedtounderstandthemeaningofowninghearingaids.7.WhatkindofpersonisSaadBhamla?A.Persistentandcreative. B.Stubbornandproud.C.Independentandeasy-going. D.Intelligentandhonest.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了印度孟買的一名教授SaadBhamla花費(fèi)15年時(shí)間發(fā)明了一種廉價(jià)的助聽器，幫助數(shù)百萬因年齡而聽力受損的人恢復(fù)聽力?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Theproblemwas,hisgrandparentssufferedfromage-relatedhearinglossanddesperatelyneededhearingaids.Saad’sheartsankwhenhediscoveredthatthepriceswereshockinglyhighandfarbeyondhismeans.(問題是，他的祖父母患有與年齡有關(guān)的聽力損失，迫切需要助聽器。當(dāng)薩阿德發(fā)現(xiàn)價(jià)格高得驚人，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出他的承受能力時(shí)，他的心一沉)”和劃線詞上文“Thepracticaldevice,describedinanewstudy,couldhelp”以及后文“hearingtomillionssufferingfromage-relatedhearinglossforlessthanthepriceofabottleofwater”可知，這位教授的祖父母聽力損失，需要助聽器，但是價(jià)格很高，于是教授發(fā)明了這種設(shè)備，來幫助數(shù)百萬因年齡而聽力受損的人恢復(fù)聽力，而價(jià)格還不到一瓶水的價(jià)格。故劃線詞意思是“恢復(fù)”。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Asidefromconcernsaboutcost,Bhamlasays,“alotofpeopledon’trealizetheyhavehearinglossandthenthereisthesocialprejudiceofwearingtheaid.Thosewiththeaidswouldbelookeddownupon.”(除了對成本的擔(dān)憂，巴姆拉說：“很多人沒有意識到他們有聽力損失，而且佩戴助聽器還有社會偏見。那些有助聽器的人會被瞧不起的?！?”可知，高昂的價(jià)格、有些人沒意識到自己的聽力問題、社會偏見是助聽器使用率低的原因。C項(xiàng)“有些人不注意社會偏見”不是全球助聽器使用率低的原因。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Bhamlawantsbiomedicaldevicestobeascheapandaccessibleasconsumerelectronics.Hestillrememberstheexperienceoflearningthathecouldn’taffordtohelphisgrandparents.“IthoughtowningalaptopandacellphonemeantIhadthemeanstopurchasehearingaids,butthenIrealizedhowexpensivetheywere,”herecalls.“SoIunderstoodtheworldmoreclearly.”(Bhamla希望生物醫(yī)學(xué)設(shè)備能像消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品一樣便宜和容易獲得。他仍然記得得知自己負(fù)擔(dān)不起幫助祖父母的經(jīng)歷?！拔乙詾閾碛幸慌_筆記本電腦和一部手機(jī)就意味著我有能力購買助聽器，但后來我意識到它們有多貴，”他回憶道?！八晕腋宄亓私饬诉@個(gè)世界?！?”可知，Bhamla希望讓人們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起助聽器。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Determinedtofindasolution,hedevotedhimselftohisstudiesandresearch.Now,15yearslater,theprofessorhasinventedadevicetohelptheoldacrosstheglobe:Acheaphearingaid.(為了找到解決辦法，他全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)和研究中。15年后的今天，這位教授發(fā)明了一種幫助全球老年人的設(shè)備：一種廉價(jià)的助聽器)”可知，SaadBhamla為了解決助聽器太貴的問題，全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)和研究中，最后發(fā)明出了便宜的助聽器，說明他是一個(gè)有毅力，有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選A。CResearchershaveextensivelyexploredwhethertimeofdayaffectsexercisebenefitsandperformance.Althoughmorningworkoutsmaybethegreatestforcircadianrhythms(晝夜節(jié)律),afternoonexercisetendstobeslightlymoreefficient.Overall,giventhebenefitsofexercise,thebesttimetoworkoutformostpeopleiswhenevertheycanfititintotheirschedules.Akeypartofstartingtoexerciseischoosingwhentoworkout.Morning,afternoon,orevening:Whichtimeisbest?Scientistshavestudiedthisdilemmaextensively.Forfreshexercisers,morningworkoutsareoftenthemostterrible.Tradingacozybedforanunforgivingfitnesscentercanbearudeawakeningtosaytheleast.Butmorningworkoutshavetheiradvantages.Challengingthebodyproducesendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽),upliftingone’smoodfollowingeffort.Thesechemicals,alongwithafewothers,boostenergylevels,alertness,andfocus,whichcanmakeyoumoreproductiveandattentiveatwork.Butearlyexercisersmaynotbeabletoachievepeakperformance.Strongermuscles,fewerstoredenergyreservesfromovernightfasting(夜間禁食),andaslightlycoolerbodytemperatureinthemorningadduptoinfluenceexerciseoutput.Therefore,moreanxiousexercisersmightpreferworkingoutintheafternoon.Exerciseitselfmayalsobemoreefficientintheafternoon.Forexample,inonestudy,youngmeninstructedtocycletoexhaustionatasetdifficultywereabletoride20%longerintheafternooncomparedtothemorning.Areviewofstudiesalsofoundthatmusclestrength,musclepower,andrunningabilitiesallpeakedintheafternoon,toppingmorningperformancebyanywherefrom3%to20%.Finally,somefolksmaydecidetoworkoutlaterintheevening.Studiescenteredaroundthistimeofdaytendtofocusonwhetherornotnightlyexercisenegativelyimpactssleepquality.Gatheredresearchsuggestsitdoesnotand,instead,actuallyimprovessleep.So,takingeverythingintoaccount,whenisthebesttimetoexercise?Thereactuallyisastraightforwardanswer!Ifyou’renotabouttogotosleep,ifyou’vegotsomefreetimeonyourhands,andifyouhaven’talreadyexercisedtoday,thebesttimetoexerciseisnow.8.Whenisthebesttimeforpeopletoexerciseaccordingtotheresearch?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening. D.Whenevertheyareavailable.9.Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofmorningexercise?A.Improvingone’smoodfollowingeffort.B.Producingmorechemicalsinthebody.C.Increasingenergylevel,alertnessandfocus.D.Makingyoumoreefficientandconcentratedatwork.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Exerciseefficiencyincreasesinthemorning.B.Nightlyexerciseseriouslyinfluencessleepquality.C.Moreanxiousexerciserspreferexercisingintheafternoon.D.Afternoonexercisemighthaveanadvantageovermorningexercise.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatcanexercisebringtous? B.Areyoureadytoexercisenow?C.Whenisthebesttimetoexercise? D.Howcanyouchoosethebesttimetoexercise?【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要以“什么時(shí)間是最佳鍛煉時(shí)間”為話題進(jìn)行了討論，作者分析了早晨鍛煉，下午鍛煉和晚間鍛煉分別帶來的好處，最后總結(jié)，其實(shí)并沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案。如果你不打算睡覺，如果你有一些空閑時(shí)間，如果你今天還沒有鍛煉，那么現(xiàn)在就是鍛煉的最佳時(shí)間?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Overall,giventhebenefitsofexercise,thebesttimetoworkoutformostpeopleiswhenevertheycanfititintotheirschedules.(總的來說，考慮到鍛煉的好處，對大多數(shù)人來說，鍛煉的最佳時(shí)間是他們能將其納入自己的時(shí)間表的時(shí)候)”可知，對于大多數(shù)人來說，當(dāng)他們可以將鍛煉這一件事情安排到自己的時(shí)間表的時(shí)候，就是最佳時(shí)間，即有空鍛煉的時(shí)候就是最佳時(shí)間。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Butmorningworkoutshavetheiradvantages.Challengingthebodyproducesendorphins,upliftingone’smoodfollowingeffort.Thesechemicals,alongwithafewothers,boostenergylevels,alertness,andfocus,whichcanmakeyoumoreproductiveandattentiveatwork.(但是晨練也有它的好處。挑戰(zhàn)身體會產(chǎn)生內(nèi)啡肽，使人在努力后心情振奮。這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)和其他一些物質(zhì)一起，可以提高能量水平、警覺性和注意力，讓你在工作中更有效率、更專注)”可知，晨練的好處是可以使身體產(chǎn)生內(nèi)啡肽，心情振奮，與身體內(nèi)其他物質(zhì)一起提高能量水平，警覺性和注意力，從而工作起來更有效率，更專注。選項(xiàng)B“Producingmorechemicalsinthebody.(在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生更多的化學(xué)物質(zhì))”并未在好處中提及。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容“Exerciseitselfmayalsobemoreefficientintheafternoon.(鍛煉本身在下午也可能更有效)”以及“Areviewofstudiesalsofoundthatmusclestrength,musclepower,andrunningabilitiesallpeakedintheafternoon,toppingmorningperformancebyanywherefrom3%to20%.(一項(xiàng)研究綜述還發(fā)現(xiàn)，肌肉力量、體力和跑步能力都在下午達(dá)到頂峰，比早上的表現(xiàn)高出3%到20%)”可知，下午鍛煉的效果可能更好，肌肉力量，體力以及跑步能力都能在下午達(dá)到頂峰，比早上表現(xiàn)得好。由此推知，下午鍛煉可能比早晨鍛煉有好處。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章第二段內(nèi)容“Akeypartofstartingtoexerciseischoosingwhentoworkout.Morning,afternoon,orevening:Whichtimeisbest?(開始鍛煉的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分是選擇什么時(shí)候鍛煉。早上、下午還是晚上：哪個(gè)時(shí)間最好？)”提出了文章的核心話題，即最佳鍛煉時(shí)間是什么時(shí)候，并在后文對各個(gè)時(shí)間段鍛煉進(jìn)行了效果分析。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C“Whenisthebesttimetoexercise?(什么時(shí)候是鍛煉的最佳時(shí)間？)”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。DForthefirsttime,researchershavesuccessfullytransplantedgeneticallymodified(基因改良的)pigheartsintotwodeadhumanswhowereonlifesupport.Therecipients(接受者),whosefamiliesdonatedtheirbodiesfortheprocedures,hadbeendeclaredbrain-dead.ThetwosurgeriestookplaceatNYULangoneHealth’sTischHospitalinNewYorkCity.ThefirstrecipientwasLarryKelly,a73-year-oldmanwhohadhadtwoopen-heartsurgeriesbefore.Informationonthesecondrecipienthasn’tyetbeenshared.Afterthetransplants,thetworecipientswereobservedfor72hours.Therewerenosignsofrejection(排斥)andtheheartsfunctionednormally.Xenotransplantationoffersapossiblesolutiontotheshortageofdonororgans.IntheUSalone,morethan105,000peoplearewaitingforanorgantransplant,and17dieeachday.Butamajorconcernwithusinganimalorgansistransplantrejection—whentheimmunesystemattackstheorgan,eventuallycausingittofail.Toavoidthis,NaderMoazamiatNYULangoneHealthandhiscolleaguesusedheartsfrompigswith10geneticmodifications.Fourturnedoffgenesknowntoincreasetheriskoftransplantrejectionandabnormalorgangrowth.Theothersixwereinsertedhumangenesthatreduceincompatibilities(不相容性)betweenbiologicalpathwaysinpigsandhumans.Infectionwithanimalvirusesisanotherpossiblerisk.Whiletheviruscan’tinfecthumancells,itdidinfectthetransplantedorgan,potentiallycontributingtohisdeath.Forthetworecenttransplants,MontgomeryatNewYorkUniversityLangoneHealthsaidtheyusedspecializedproceduresthatcandetectlowlevelsofthevirusandscreenforotherpigdiseases.“Itwasoneofthemostamazingthingstoseeapigheartbeatinginsidethechestofahumanbeing.Itisagreathonortowitnessthatinmylifetime,”saidMontgomery.“Thisisacompletelynewfield.”12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofobservation. B.Thefunctionofthetwosurgeries.C.Thebasicinformationaboutthetwosurgeries. D.Thepersonalinformationofthetworecipients.13.Whydidtheauthorlistthesefiguresinparagraph3?A.Toreflecttheshortageofdonororgans.B.Tointroducetheideaoftransplantrejection.C.TostressthepotentialimportanceofXenotransplantation.D.Toshowconcernforpeoplewaitingforanorgantransplant.14.WhatdidthestudyledbyMoazamifocuson?A.Waystodealwithabnormalorgangrowth.B.Incompatibilitiesbetweenpigsandhumans.C.Specializedprocessdetectinglevelsofviruses.D.Geneticmodificationstoreducetransplantrejection.15.WhatisMontgomery’sattitudetowardtheirstudies?A.Unclear. B.Neutral. C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了異種移植已經(jīng)成功的應(yīng)用到人類身上，科學(xué)家們正在想辦法減少移植排斥反應(yīng)。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThetwosurgeriestookplaceatNYULangoneHealth’sTischHospitalinNewYorkCity.(這兩次手術(shù)都是在紐約大學(xué)LangoneHealth’sTisch醫(yī)院進(jìn)行的。)”和全段內(nèi)容可知，文章第二段主要講的是兩次手術(shù)的基本信息。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Xenotransplantationoffersapossiblesolutiontotheshortageofdonororgans.IntheUSalone,morethan105,000peoplearewaitingforanorgantransplant,and17dieeachday.(異種移植為供體器官短缺提供了一個(gè)可能的解決方案。僅在美國，就有超過10.5萬人在等待器官移植，每天有17人死亡。)”可知，作者在第3段列出這些數(shù)字是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)異種移植的潛在重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butamajorconcernwithusinganimalorgansistransplantrejection—whentheimmunesystemattackstheorgan,eventuallycausingittofail.(但是使用動物器官的一個(gè)主要問題是移植排斥反應(yīng)——當(dāng)免疫系統(tǒng)攻擊器官時(shí)，最終導(dǎo)致器官衰竭。)”第四段中“Toavoidthis,NaderMoazamiatNYULangoneHealthandhiscolleaguesusedheartsfrompigswith10geneticmodifications.(為了避免這種情況，紐約大學(xué)Langone健康中心的NaderMoazami和他的同事使用了經(jīng)過10個(gè)基因修改的豬心臟。)”可知，Moazami領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注的是基因修改減少移植排斥反應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Itwasoneofthemostamazingthingstoseeapigheartbeatinginsidethechestofahumanbeing.Itisagreathonortowitnessthatinmylifetime,’saidMontgomery.‘Thisisacompletelynewfield.’(Montgomery說：‘看到一個(gè)人的心臟在胸腔里跳動是最神奇的事情之一。能在我的有生之年見證這一切是我的榮幸。這是一個(gè)全新的領(lǐng)域。’)”可知，Montgomery對他們的研究的態(tài)度是樂觀的。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。BeyondBurnoutTheworldisseriouslystressedout.Weallgetbusysometimes,butfeelingconstantlyworriedandoverwhelmedcanleadtoburnout,whichcanhaveseriousresults.____16____.LookformeaningatworkWecantoleratestresslongerifwebelievewe’redoingsomethingpurposefulandworthwhile.We’remorelikelytoexperiencemorestresswhensomethingseemsoutofourcontrol,againstourwillortotallymeaningless.Takestockof(仔細(xì)審視)what’sonyourplate.____17____.____18____Ignoring(忽視)yourdietoreatingfastfoodsorcomfortfoodscanbecomeawayofdealingwithstress,butitwillreducenutrientsnecessarytobringenergy.Manyindividualsarelessactivewhenunderstress.____19____.Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps“complete”thestresscycle.RecognizewhenithasbecometoomuchIt’sverycommonforsuperiorstocontinuetoincreasetasksovertime.Ifwedon’tcommunicateourneedsorlimitations,theymaybeignored.____20____.FornurseWendyReynolds,directorofahospitalintensivecareunit,stresshadalwaysbeenpartofthejob.Shesolvedherburnoutproblembystartingadifferentrolewhereshecanmanageherwork-lifebalancewhilestillhavingasatisfyingcareer.Ifyoudofeelburntout,therapycanhelpyouprocesswork-relatedstressandlearncopingstrategies,anditcanteachyoutocommunicatewithyouremployerandsethealthyboundaries.A.HaveahealthydietB.Don’tignoreyourselfC.ThisisparticularlytrueinthehospitalD.Butmovementisthemostnaturalresponsetoourbody’sstressE.Ifyoudon’texpectthingswillimprove,considerchangingjobsorevencareersF.Ifyoucan,cutoneortwoofthosethingsthatdon’tpersonallygiveyoumeaningG.Beforesituationgetsworse,thereareseveralstepsyoucantaketopreventburnout【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)步驟來緩解壓力防止過度疲勞。【16題詳解】上文“Weallgetbusysometimes,butfeelingconstantlyworriedandoverwhelmedcanleadtoburnout,whichcanhaveseriousresults.(我們有時(shí)都會很忙，但持續(xù)的擔(dān)憂和不堪重負(fù)會導(dǎo)致過度疲勞，這可能會產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。)”說明壓力會導(dǎo)致過度疲勞，選項(xiàng)G“在情況變得更糟之前，你可以采取幾個(gè)步驟來防止過度疲勞”承接上文，引出文章主題“對防止過度疲勞給予一些建議”。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Wecantoleratestresslongerifwebelievewe’redoingsomethingpurposefulandworthwhile.We’remorelikelytoexperiencemorestresswhensomethingseemsoutofourcontrol,againstourwillortotallymeaningless.Takestockof(仔細(xì)審視)what’sonyourplate.(如果我們相信自己在做有目的、有價(jià)值的事情，我們就能更長久地忍受壓力。當(dāng)一些事情似乎超出我們的控制，違背我們的意愿或完全沒有意義時(shí)，我們更有可能感受到更多的壓力。盤點(diǎn)一下你盤子里的都有什么。)”說明要選擇有意義的事情去做，盤點(diǎn)一下自己眼前都有什么事情，選項(xiàng)F“如果可以的話，刪去一兩個(gè)對你個(gè)人來說沒有意義的事情”承接上文，建議把沒有意義的事情刪去。故選F項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】下文“Ignoring(忽視)yourdietoreatingfastfoodsorcomfortfoodscanbecomeawayofdealingwithstress,butitwillreducenutrientsnecessarytobringenergy.(忽略你的飲食，吃快餐或安慰食品可以成為應(yīng)對壓力的一種方式，但它會減少提供能量所必需的營養(yǎng)。)”和“Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps‘complete’thestresscycle.(雖然現(xiàn)在你不必從美洲獅面前逃跑，即使是輕微的運(yùn)動也有助于‘完成’壓力循環(huán)。)”說明不能忽視自己，要重視自己的飲食和鍛煉，選項(xiàng)B“不要忽視自己”概括本段主題，適合做小標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Manyindividualsarelessactivewhenunderstress.(許多人在壓力下不太積極。)”說明壓力造成不積極，選項(xiàng)D“但是運(yùn)動是對我們身體壓力的最自然的反應(yīng)”轉(zhuǎn)折上文語義，建議進(jìn)行運(yùn)動來應(yīng)對壓力，下文“Whileyoudon’thavetorunawayfromamountainlionthesedays,evenlightmovementhelps‘complete’thestresscycle.(雖然現(xiàn)在你不必從美洲獅面前逃跑，即使是輕微的運(yùn)動也有助于‘完成’壓力循環(huán)。)”進(jìn)一步說明，即便輕微的運(yùn)動都是有益的。選項(xiàng)中movement和下文中詞匯重疊，語義一致，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“It’sverycommonforsuperiorstocontinuetoincreasetasksovertime.Ifwedon’tcommunicateourneedsorlimitations,theymaybeignored.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，上司不斷增加任務(wù)是很常見的。如果我們不溝通我們的需要或限制，它們可能會被忽視。)”說明工作壓力越來越大，我們的需求和限制有可能被忽視，選項(xiàng)E“如果你預(yù)料情況不會好轉(zhuǎn)，那就考慮換工作，甚至換職業(yè)”承接上文，建議在不會好轉(zhuǎn)的情況下考慮換工作。下文“Shesolvedherburnoutproblembystartingadifferentrolewhereshecanmanageherwork-lifebalancewhilestillhavingasatisfyingcareer.(她通過開始一個(gè)不同的角色來解決自己的倦怠問題，在這個(gè)角色中，她可以管理自己的工作與生活平衡，同時(shí)仍然有一個(gè)令人滿意的職業(yè)。)”舉例說明她改換不同的角色解決了問題，和選項(xiàng)語義一致。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonsJimmyandTommya(n)____21____environmentforpersonalgrowth.ThisEast-meets-Westcouplestarted____22____whiletheiryoungersonwasstillababyin2003.Mostoftheirtripsarefarfromthehot____23____recommendedbytravelguidebooks.“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,____24____,butthere’safeel-goodfactorwhenyoupassatestofsomekind,”Simonwroteinthefamily’snewlypublishedtravelmemoir(回憶錄)PagesofDiscovery.Simonattachesgreatimportanceto____25____outoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,____26____thatexperienceoftheworldoutside,withdifferentlanguages,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,isthereal____27____ground.Childreninthisinternationalfamilydidnothavethe____28____toperformonschooltests,buttheyhad“____29____”ontheroad.Liaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,_____30_____mapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnot_____31_____improvetestscores,willbenefittheminlaterlife.Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersand_____32_____theirchosenstudyatuniversity.One_____33_____worldhistorytheotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsosharea(n)_____34_____inhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.Theyarenowplanningtofollowintheirfather’sfootstepswithanew4,500-kmhikeontheGreatWall.“Myparentsviewtheworldasabig_____35_____,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries(受益人),”Jimmysays.21.A.good B.unique C.normal D.equal22.A.hiking B.working C.suffering D.traveling23.A.parks B.spots C.mountains D.cities24.A.challenging B.simple C.negative D.pleasant25.A.performing B.reading C.learning D.exercising26.A.and B.so C.but D.or27.A.testing B.studying C.playing D.sleeping28.A.problems B.potential C.reason D.pressure29.A.homework B.option C.joy D.adventure30.A.admire B.draw C.find D.ignore31.A.slowly B.usually C.continuously D.directly32.A.damaged B.updated C.influenced D.changed33.A.takesup B.makesup C.passesdown D.takesin34.A.activity B.interest C.lecture D.band35.A.village B.forum C.classroom D.family【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.C26.C27.A28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一對東西方結(jié)合的夫婦帶著兩個(gè)孩子在世界各地旅行，走過各地的小路，讓他們在真正的旅行中接受考驗(yàn)，做各種任務(wù)，為他們提供了獨(dú)特的個(gè)人成長環(huán)境，這些經(jīng)歷塑造了兩個(gè)孩子的性格，影響了他們的專業(yè)選擇和興趣愛好，讓他們受益匪淺?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：彼得森·西蒙和他的妻子李靜走過世界各地的鄉(xiāng)間小路，為他們的兒子吉米和湯米提供了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的個(gè)人成長環(huán)境。A.good好的；B.unique獨(dú)特的；C.normal正常的；D.equal平等的。根據(jù)上文“PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpath”可知，夫妻兩人在世界各地旅行，由此推知，他們的孩子和其他孩子不同，個(gè)人成長環(huán)境是獨(dú)特的。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：2003年，當(dāng)他們的小兒子還是個(gè)嬰兒時(shí)，這對東西方結(jié)合的夫婦就開始旅行了。A.hiking徒步；B.working工作；C.suffering遭受；D.traveling旅行。根據(jù)下文“Mostoftheirtrips”可知，夫妻兩人是在小兒子還很小的時(shí)候就開始旅行了。故選D。23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的大部分旅行都遠(yuǎn)離旅游指南上推薦的熱門景點(diǎn)。A.parks公園；B.spots地點(diǎn)；C.mountains山脈；D.cities城市。根據(jù)上文“PetersonSimonandhiswifeLiJinghavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths”可知，夫妻兩人走過世界各地的鄉(xiāng)間小路，因此旅行的地方并非旅游指南上推薦的熱門景點(diǎn)，固定表達(dá)hotspot意為“熱門景點(diǎn)”。故選B。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“真正的旅行可能是艱難的