英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)論之語(yǔ)法翻譯法

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Thegrammartranslationmethodisa\o"Methodofteachingforeignlanguages"methodofteachingforeignlanguagesderivedfromtheclassical(sometimescalledtraditional)methodofteaching\o"Greeklanguage"Greekand\o"Latin"Latin.Ingrammar-translationclasses,studentslearn\o"Grammaticalrule"grammaticalrulesandthenapplythoserulesby\o"Translating"translatingsentencesbetweenthetargetlanguageandthenativelanguage.Advancedstudentsmayberequiredtotranslatewholetexts\o"Word-for-word"word-for-word.Themethodhastwomaingoals:toenablestudentstoreadand\o"Translate"translateliteraturewritteninthetargetlanguage,andtofurtherstudents’generalintellectualdevelopmentHistoryandphilosophyThegrammar-translationmethodoriginatedfromthepracticeofteachingLatin.Intheearly1500s,Latinwasthemostwidely-studiedforeignlanguageduetoitsprominenceingovernment,academia,andbusiness.However,duringthecourseofthecenturytheuseofLatindwindled,anditwasgraduallyreplacedbyEnglish,French,andItalian.AfterthedeclineofLatin,thepurposeoflearningitinschoolschanged.WhereaspreviouslystudentshadlearnedLatinforthepurposeofcommunication,itcametobelearnedasapurelyacademicsubject.ThroughoutEuropeinthe18thand19thcenturies,theeducationsystemwasformedprimarilyaroundaconceptcalled\o"Facultypsychology"facultypsychology.Thistheorydictatedthatthebodyandmindwereseparateandthemindconsistedofthreeparts:the\o"Will(philosophy)"will,\o"Emotion"emotion,and\o"Intellect"intellect.Itwasbelievedthattheintellectcouldbesharpenedenoughtoeventuallycontrolthewillandemotions.ThewaytodothiswasthroughlearningclassicalliteratureoftheGreeksandRomans,aswellasmathematics.Additionally,anadultwithsuchaneducationwasconsideredmentallypreparedfortheworldanditschallenges.Atfirstitwasbelievedthatteachingmodernlanguageswasnotusefulforthedevelopmentofmentaldisciplineandthustheywereleftoutofthecurriculum.Whenmodernlanguagesdidbegintoappearinschoolcurriculainthe19thcentury,teacherstaughtthemwiththesamegrammar-translationmethodaswasusedforclassicalLatinandGreek.[1]Asaresult,textbookswereessentiallycopiedforthemodernlanguageclassroom.IntheUnitedStatesofAmerica,thebasicfoundationsofthismethodwereusedinmosthighschoolandcollegeforeignlanguageclassrooms.PrinciplesandgoalsTherearetwomaingoalstogrammar-translationclasses.Oneistodevelopstudents’readingabilitytoalevelwheretheycanreadliteratureinthetargetlanguage.Theotheristodevelopstudents’generalmentaldiscipline.Theusersofforeignlanguagewantedsimplytonotethingsoftheirinterestintheliteratureofforeignlanguages.Therefore,thismethodfocusesonreadingandwritingandhasdevelopedtechniqueswhichfacilitatemoreorlessthelearningofreadingandwritingonly.Asaresult,speakingandlisteningareoverlooked.MethodGrammar-translationclassesareusuallyconductedinthestudents’\o"Nativelanguage"nativelanguage.Grammarrulesarelearned\o"wikt:deductively"deductively;studentslearngrammarrules\o"Learnbyrote"byrote,andthenpracticetherulesbydoinggrammardrillsandtranslatingsentencestoandfromthetargetlanguage.Moreattentionispaidtotheformofthesentencesbeingtranslatedthantotheircontent.Whenstudentsreachmoreadvancedlevelsofachievement,theymaytranslateentiretextsfromthetargetlanguage.Testsoftenconsistofthetranslationofclassicaltexts.Thereisnotusuallyanylisteningorspeakingpractice,andvery