備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習愛尚閱讀話題篇專題15時文熱點含解析

專題15時文熱點【美文閱讀1】導讀：雨后的彩虹色調(diào)斑斕，就似乎年少時我們心中那些美妙的希望和幻想。從某種意義上來講，每個人都須要自己的＂彩虹＂來照亮人生之路。WhereMyRainbowHasGone?Whenyouarelittle,thewholeworldfeelslikeabigplayground.IwaslivinginConyers,Georgiathesummeritallhappened.Iwasasecondgrader,butmybestfriendStephaniewasonlyinthefirstgrade.Bothofourparentswereatworkandmostofthetimetheyletusgoourownway.ItwasahotafternoonandwedecidedtohaveanadventureinStephanie’sbasement.①AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.Irandownstairs,andspottedaredsteelcan.Itwaspaint.Ilookedbeyonditandtherelayevenmorepaintinbrightcolorslikepurple,orange,blueandgreen.＂Stephanie,Ijustfoundusaprojectfortheday.Getsomepaintbrushes.Wearefixingtopaint.＂ShescreamedwithexcitementasItoldherofmysecretplansandimmediatelywegottowork.Wegatheredallthebrusheswecouldfindandmovedallofourmaterialstomyyard.Thereontheroadinfrontofmyhouse,wepaintedbitstripesofcolorsacrossthepavement.Stripebystripe,ourcolorsturnedintoabeautifulrainbow.Itwasfantastic!Thesunwasstartingtosink.Isawacar②inthedistanceandjumpedupasIrecognizedthecar.Itwasmymother.Icouldn’twaittoshowhermymasterpiece.Thecar③pulledslowlyintothedrivewayandfromthelookonmymother’sface,IcouldtellthatIwasindeeptrouble.Mymothershutthecardoorandwalkedtowardsme.④Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,＂Whatintheworldwereyouthinking?Iunderstoodwhenyoumadecastlesoutofleaves,andclimbedtheneighbors’trees,butthis!Comeinsiderightnow!＂Istoodthere⑤glaringbackatherforaminute,angrybecauseshehadinsultedmyart.＂Nowgocleanitup!＂MotherandIbegancleaningtheroad.TearsrandownmycheeksasIsawmybeautifulrainbowturnintoblackcement.Thoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.我的＂彩虹＂去了哪里？小時候，整個世界就像一個大操場。故事發(fā)生的那年夏天，我住在佐治亞州的康耶斯。當時我讀二年級，我的好摯友斯蒂芬妮剛上一年級。我們的父母都要工作，因而大多數(shù)時間他們都是讓我們自己去學校。那是一個燥熱的午后，我們確定在斯蒂芬妮家的地下室玩一個冒險的嬉戲。當我打開地下室的門，出現(xiàn)在我們面前的是一個大大的房間，里面裝滿了奇異的東西，諸如槍、娃娃和舊衣服等。我跑下樓梯，看到一個紅色的金屬罐，罐子里面是涂料。我順著它望過去，那兒還有很多亮色的涂料，像紫色、橙色、藍色和綠色等。＂斯蒂芬妮，今日我們有事可做了！拿些刷子來！我們起先粉刷吧?。⒙犞业碾[私安排，她興奮地尖叫著，我們立刻開工了。我們把全部能找到的刷子都拿出來，然后把涂料搬到我家的院子里。在我家房前的公路上，我們起先畫彩色的斑馬線。一條又一條，那些色調(diào)匯成了一道漂亮的＂彩虹＂。真是太棒了！夕陽西沉，我看到有一輛汽車從遠處駛來。認出那是我媽媽的車后，我一躍而起。我迫不及待地想向媽媽展示我的杰作。汽車漸漸進入了車道，看到媽媽的臉色，我知道自己要有大麻煩了。媽媽關(guān)好車門，向我走來。她怒視著我，喊道：＂你原委在想些什么？你用樹葉做城堡，你爬鄰居家的樹，這些我都理解。但是今日，你又在家里瞎折騰?。⑽艺酒饋恚鷼獾鼗匾曋?，因為她羞辱了我的作品。＂現(xiàn)在把這里弄干凈?。寢尯臀移鹣惹逑垂?。眼看著漂亮的＂彩虹＂變成了黑黢黢的水泥地，眼淚順著我的臉頰流淌下來。盡管這件事過去很多年了，我依舊想知道我的＂彩虹＂去了哪里。我想知道，假如我再長大些，我是否可以找到它，再也不必把它擦去？我想我們都時常須要某種意義上的＂彩虹＂來照亮我們的人生，讓我們的希望和幻想豐富多彩。重點單詞:1.pavement['pe?vm(?)nt]n.人行道2.stripe[stra?p]n.條紋3.masterpiece['mɑ?st?pi?s]n.杰作4.insult[?n's?lt]vt.羞辱5.cement[s?'ment]n.水泥重點短語/亮點句式：1.AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.當我打開地下室的門，出現(xiàn)在我們面前的是一個大大的房間，里面裝滿了奇異的東西，諸如槍、娃娃和舊衣服等。這是一個主從復(fù)合句。as引導時間狀語從句，其后的主句由于表示方位的介詞短語位于句首，運用了倒裝語序。如：Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.從山谷傳來嚇人的聲音。Southofthecityliesachemicalfactory.城南有一家化工廠。2.inthedistance在遠處。如：Thesoundofthecardiedawayinthedistance.小轎車發(fā)出的噪音消逝在遠處。3.pullinto（車）進站。如：OurtrainpulledintoBeijingStationontime.我們的火車準點開進北京車站。4.Hereyesglaring,sheshouted,＂…＂她怒視著我，喊道：＂……＂本句運用了現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。hereyes和glare之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Hesatinfrontofthem,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.他坐在他們面前，滿是灰塵的臉掩蓋了他的真實年齡。5.glareat怒視。如：Don'tglareatyourteacherlikethat.Youdeservedthescolding.別那么瞪眼望著老師，你該被罵的。名句背誦：Progressistheactivityoftodayandtheassuranceoftomorrow.（RalphWaldoEmerson,Americanthinker）進步是今日的活動、明天的保證。（美國思想家拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛默生）英語時文閱讀是學習者針對英美新聞、報刊及雜志等時事素材而開展的閱讀活動。近年來,高考閱讀理解素材多取材于外國時文,英語時文閱讀的重要性不斷凸顯。英語時文閱讀，可以讓學生接觸地道的英語，使學生廣泛了解西方國家的風俗習慣、日常生活、人際交往等狀況,為學生英語綜合素養(yǎng)的提升奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ)。所以，中學英語學習必須要重視英語時文閱讀教學的重要性,并通過時文閱讀教學擴高校生的詞匯量，提高文化素養(yǎng)。【話題詞匯】1.經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展therapiddevelopmentofeconomy2.人民生活水平的顯著提高/穩(wěn)步增長theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeople'slivingstandard3.先進的科學技術(shù)advancedscienceandtechnology4.面臨新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges5.人們普遍認為Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat…6.社會發(fā)展的必定結(jié)果theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment7.引起了廣泛的公眾關(guān)注arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention8.不行否認Itisundeniablethat…/Thereisnodenyingthat…9.熱情的探討/爭辯aheateddiscussion/debate10.有爭議性的問題acontroversialissue11.完全不同的觀點atotallydifferentargument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Somepeople…whileothers…13.就我而言/就個人而言AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally14.就…達到肯定的一樣reachanabsoluteconsensuson…15.有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons16.雙方的論點argumentonbothsides17.發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein…18.對…必不行少beindispensableto…19.正如諺語所說Astheproverbgoes:20.…也不例外…benoexception21.對…產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響exertpositive/negativeeffectson…22.利遠遠大于弊theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.23.導致，引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin24.困難的社會現(xiàn)象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon25.責任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement26.競爭與合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation27.開闊眼界widenone'shorizon/broadenone'svision28.學習學問和技能acquireknowledgeandskills29.經(jīng)濟/心理負擔financialburden/psychologicalburden30.考慮到諸多因素takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration31.從另一個角度fromanotherperspective32.做出共同努力makejointefforts33.對…有益bebeneficial/conduciveto…34.為社會做貢獻makecontributionstothe35.打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)layasolidfoundationfor…36.綜合素養(yǎng)comprehensivequality37.無可非議blameless/beyondreproach39.致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto…40.應(yīng)當承認Admittedly41.不行推卸的義務(wù)unshakableduty42.滿足需求satisfy/meettheneedsof…43.牢靠的信息源areliablesourceofinformation44.珍貴的自然資源valuablenaturalresources45.因特網(wǎng)theInternet（肯定要由冠詞，字母I大寫）46.便利快捷convenientandefficient47.在人類生活的方方面面inallaspectsofhumanlife48.環(huán)保（的）environmentalprotection/environmentallyfriendly49.社會進步的體現(xiàn)asymbolofsocietyprogress50.科技的飛速更新theever-acceleratedupdatingofscienceandtechnology51.對這一問題持有不同看法holddifferentattitudestowardsthisissue52.支持前/后種觀點的人people/thoseinfavoroftheformer/latteropinion53.有/供應(yīng)如下理由/證據(jù)have/providethefollowingreasons/evidence54.在肯定程度上tosomeextent/degree/insomeway55.理論和實踐相結(jié)合integratetheorywithpractice56.…必定趨勢anirresistibletrendof…57.日益激烈的社會競爭theincreasinglyfiercesocialcompetition58.眼前利益immediateinterest/short-terminterest59.長遠利益interestinthelongrun60.…有其自身的優(yōu)缺點…h(huán)asitsmeritsanddemerits/advantagesanddisadvantages61.揚長避短Exploittothefullone’sfavorableconditionsandavoidunfavorableones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Taketheessenceanddiscardthedregs.63.對…有害doharmto/beharmfulto/bedetrimentalto64.溝通思想/情感/信息exchangeideas/emotions/information65.跟上…的最新發(fā)展keeppacewith/catchupwith/keepabreastwiththelatestdevelopmentof…66.實行有效措施來…takeeffectivemeasurestodosth.67.…的健康發(fā)展thehealthydevelopmentof…68.有利有弊Everycoinhasitstwosides.Nogardenwithoutweeds.69.對…觀點因人而異Viewson…varyfrompersontoperson.70.重視attachgreatimportanceto…71.社會地位socialstatus72.把時間和精力放在…上focustimeandenergyon…73.擴大學問面expandone’sscopeofknowledge74.身心兩方面bothphysicallyandmentally75.有干脆/間接關(guān)系bedirectly/indirectlyrelatedto…76.提出折中提議setforthacompromiseproposal77.可以取代“think”的詞believe,claim,maintain,argue,insist,holdtheopinion/beliefthatI.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。1“Whatiscivilization?”askedKennethClark50yearsagointheinfluentialBBCseriesonthesubject.“Idon’tknow,andIcan’tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI’mlookingatitnow.”Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame(巴黎圣母院).Itseemsinhumantocaremoreaboutabuildingthanaboutpeople.ThatthesightofNotreDamegoingupinflameshasattractedsomuchmoreattentionthanfloodsinsouthernAfricawhichkilledover1,000arousesunderstandablefeelingsofguilt.Yetthewidespread,intensegriefatthesightofthecathedral’scollapsingsteeple(尖塔)isinfactprofoundlyhuman—andinaparticularly21st-centuryway.Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustofjobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.Abuildingonwhosesunnystepsyouhaverested,infrontofwhichyouhavetakenaselfiewithyourlovedone,becomesawarmpartofyourmemoriesandthusofyourself.Thisvisualagehasgivenbeautynewpower,andsocialmediahaveturnedgreatworksofartintosuperstars.Onlyafew,though,haveachievedthisstatus.Justasthereisonlyeverahandfulofworld-famousactors,sothepantheon(萬神殿)ofgloballyrecognizableculturalsymbolsistiny:theMonaLisa,Michelangelo’sDavid,theTajMahal,theGreatPyramid—andNotreDame.Disaster,too,isvisual.Inthe24hoursafterthefirestarted,videosonsocialmediaoftheburningcathedralwereviewednearlyaquarterofabilliontimes.Yettheemotionsthesightarousedwerelessaboutthebuildingitselfthanaboutwhatlosingitmightmean.NotreDameisanexpressionofhumanityatitscollectivebest.Nobodycouldlookupintothatarched(拱形的)ceilingwithoutwonderingatthecollectivegeniusofthethousandsofunknowncraftsmenwho,overacenturyandahalf,realizedavisionsograndinitsstructuralambitionandsodelicateinitshand-madedetail.Itssurvivalthrough850yearsofpoliticalunrest—throughwar,revolutionandNazioccupation—bindsthepresenttothepast.1.TheBBCseriesinthefirstparagraphismentionedtoshow________.A.NotreDameisatypicalexampleofcivilizationB.civilizationissupposedtobedefinedinabstracttermsC.civilizationwasfoundedinthepastandlastsfordecadesD.it’scrueltocaremoreaboutbuildingsthanaboutpeople2.NotreDamefirehasarousedworldwideconcernsbecause________.A.thedisastercoincidedwiththefloodsinsouthernAfricaB.peoplehaslostahistoricallandmarktotakeaselfieandrestC.France’seconomicprosperityhasmadeitamust-seeplaceforvisitorsD.culturalglobalizationhasbredacommonsenseofculturalidentity3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.People’ssadnessatthemisfortunemainlyliesinthebuildingitself.B.Peoplewonderedwhocontributedtosuchanartisticachievement.C.NotreDameisawitnesstoNaziinvasionandFrenchrevolution.D.Fortunatelyweareblessedwithcountlesssplendidworksofart.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NotreDame:TheArchitecturalTreasureB.NotreDame:TheHumanisticExpressionC.NotreDame:AVictimToNaturalDisasterD.NotreDame:AMust-beTouristAttraction【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。人類文明持續(xù)至今，已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史，正是有了這些宏大藝術(shù)的存在，人類才能超越個體的短暫，讓精神長存。像巴黎圣母院這樣的建筑不僅是法國人民的傲慢，也是全人類的珍寶?；馂?zāi)發(fā)生后，全世界的人們?yōu)榘屠枋ツ冈喊У?，那種廣泛深刻的哀思正是人性深刻的體現(xiàn)。1.推理推斷題。由第一段“Whatiscivilization?”askedKennethClark50yearsagointheinfluentialBBCseriesonthesubject.“Idon’tknow,andIcan’tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI’mlookingatitnow.”Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)”可知，文明是什么?”50年前，肯尼斯?克拉克在BBC“文明”主題開創(chuàng)性系列節(jié)目中問道?！拔也恢?，我還不能用抽象的術(shù)語來定義它。但我想當我看到它的時候我能認出它，現(xiàn)在我正在看它?！彼D(zhuǎn)過身來，指向身后高聳的哥特式塔樓和高聳的圣母院。所以從肯尼斯?克拉克的所說的話中，可以推斷出第一段中提到BBC“文明”主題開創(chuàng)性系列節(jié)目是為了顯示圣母院是文明的典型例子。故A選項正確。2.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustofjobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.”可知，如今，不僅經(jīng)濟全球化，文化也走向全球化。人們漫游世界，不僅僅為了尋求工作和平安，也為找尋美妙和歷史。而熟識感會讓寵愛擴散。所以圣母院的火災(zāi)引起了全世界的關(guān)注，因為文化全球化孕育了一種共同的文化認同感。故D選項正確。3.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終段“Itssurvivalthrough850yearsofpoliticalunrest—throughwar,revolutionandNazioccupation—bindsthepresenttothepast”可知，巴黎圣母院在850年的政治動蕩中幸存下來，經(jīng)驗了斗爭、革命和納粹占據(jù)，將現(xiàn)在和歷史連接起來。所以通過關(guān)鍵詞“survivalthrough，revolutionandNazioccupation”可以推斷出，圣母院見證了納粹入侵和法國大革命。故C選項正確。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，人類文明持續(xù)至今，已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史，正是有了這些宏大藝術(shù)的存在，人類才能超越個體的短暫，讓精神長存。像巴黎圣母院這樣的建筑不僅是法國人民的傲慢，也是全人類的珍寶。火災(zāi)發(fā)生后，全世界的人們?yōu)榘屠枋ツ冈喊У俊Ｄ欠N廣泛深刻的哀思正是人性深刻的體現(xiàn)。所以短文圍圍著“巴黎圣母院：人文主義的表達”符合文意。故B選項正確。2Highspeeds,coollooks,andunusualnamesarewhatatypicalAmericanlooksforwhenbuyingacar.Thisisawastefulmethodbecausethecarswebuydon’tfitourlifestylesofthriftiness（節(jié)儉）.Butwefeelpowerfulwhenwedrivehugecars,sothat’swhywebuythem.Morepeopleshoulddrivehybrids,whicharepoweredbyagasenginebutalsokeepsachargeinabankofbatteries.Asaresult,theyburnlessgasandsavemoreenergy.Youmaycomplain,“Theyarenotcool.”Butwhatareyougoingtosaywhenyourplanetgetssofouledup（弄亂）thatyouneedagasmaskjusttogooutside?Well,that’swhat’sgoingtohappenifwedon’tactsoon.Hybridsmaycostmore,buttheywillendupsavingourlifeoneday.Gasolinecarsareinefficientonesthatchewupcash.Thebestonesgetonlyaround40milespergallon.Weneedtochangeourhabitsorwearegoingtorunoutoffossilfuel,andthennocarswillbetravelingdownthestreet.Gasolinecarsalsopollutetheairandcreatebreathingproblems.Someproblemswewillhaveinthefutureifwecontinueusinggasolinecarsarehighlevelsofairpollutionandgroundwatertoxicity.Wewillalsouseupoursupplyoffossilfuels.Wemaycausealargeincreaseinthespeedofglobalwarming,whichwillresultinariseintemperatureandinturnbakeourplanetandallitslivingthings.Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.Hybridsfulfillthis.Ifenoughpeopleusedthem,wewouldn’tbeasworriedaboutglobalwarming.Weareatapointwherewecanonlydoonething:reducetheamountoffossilfuelsweuse.Ifwedon’t,wemayspellourowndoomandendupcreatingnaturaldisastersthatwecannotcontrol.5.Accordingtothepassage,hybrids______.A.maketheairsmellbad B.pollutethegroundwaterC.increasethespeedofglobalwarming D.aremorecostly6.Theunderlinedword“doom”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“______”.A.abadfortune B.astrongwishC.ahappymoment D.anormalneed7.Intheauthor’sopinion,weshouldbuyacarwhich______.A.runsfaster B.looksbeautifulC.isenvironmentallyfriendly D.costsafortune8.Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.A.introducewhatkindofcaruseslessgasB.givepeopleadviceonhowtobuyacoolcarC.remindpeopleofsomeproblemstheywillhaveinthefutureD.expectpeopletoconsidertheenvironmentalproblemswhenbuyingacar【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了考慮到環(huán)保問題我們應(yīng)當駕駛混合動力汽車。5.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Hybridsmaycostmore,buttheywillendupsavingourlifeoneday.”（混合動力車的價格可能更高，但終有一天它們會挽救我們的生命。）可知，混合動力汽車花費更多的錢。故選D。6.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子“Ifwedon’t,wemayspellourowndoomandendupcreatingnaturaldisastersthatwecannotcontrol.”（假如我們不這樣做，我們可能會招致自己的厄運，最終造成我們無法限制的自然災(zāi)難。）可知，doom意為“厄運”。故選A。7.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.”（買汽車不應(yīng)當看外表，而是因為它們運行良好，有助于愛護環(huán)境。）可推知，作者認為我們應(yīng)當買環(huán)保的車。故選C。8.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Carsshouldbeboughtnotbasedonlooks,butbecausetheyworkwellandhelpsavetheenvironment.Hybridsfulfillthis.Ifenoughpeopleusedthem,wewouldn’tbeasworriedaboutglobalwarming.”（買汽車不應(yīng)當看外表，而是因為它們運行良好，有助于愛護環(huán)境。混合動力汽車實現(xiàn)這一點。假如有足夠多的人運用它們，我們就不會那么擔憂全球變暖了。）可推知，作者的寫作目的是希望人們在購買汽車時考慮環(huán)境問題。故選D。3ElizabethfrywasthedaughterofanEnglishbanker.Whenshewasayoungbrideandmother,shegavemedicineandclothestothehomelessandhelpedestablishthesistersofDevonshiresquare,anursingschool.In1813,atage33,herattentionturnedtothefemaleprisonersinLondon’sNewgateprison.Shebegantovisittheprisonalmostdaily,andwhatshefoundtherehorrifiedher.Intheearly1800s,Englishprisonswerepitsofcrueltyandviolence.AtNewgate,womenawaitingtrialforstealingappleswereputintothesameprisonaswomenwhohadbeenconvicted(宣判)ofmurder.Womenate,defecated,andsleptinthesamecell.Ifaprisonerhadchildren,theyaccompaniedhertoprisonandlivedinthesameinhumaneconditions.Forthosewithouthelpfromfamily,friends,orcharities,theoptionsweretobegandtostealfood,ortostarvetodeath.Prisonofficialswarnedfryoftherisksshewastakinginvisitingprisons(exposuretoviolenceanddisease),butshewavedthewarningsaside.Besidescomfortingwomen,shetaughtthembasichygieneandtosewandquiltsotheymightearnalivingwhentheywerereleased.Sheintervened(介入)forwomenondeathrow,andifherpleaswereunsuccessful,shecomfortedthemintheirlastmoments.Toexpandherefforts,in1816shefoundedtheassociationfortheimprovementofthefemaleprisonersofNewgate“toprovidefortheclothing,instruction,andemploymentofthewomen,andtoforminthem,asmuchaspossible,thosehabitsoforderandindustry,whichmaymakethempeaceablewhileinprison,andrespectablewhentheyleaveit.”Specificreformsshecampaignedforincluded:separationofmenandwomenprisoners,paidworkforprisoners,womenguardsforwomenprisoners,andthehousingofcriminalsbasedontheircrimes.9.Englishprisonsintheearly1800scouldbedescribedas__________.A.inhumaneandhorrifying B.cruelandorderlyC.violentandjust D.efficientandpeaceable10.Elizabethfrytaughtfemaleprisonerssomelivingskills__________.A.towintheirrespectB.tohelpthemkilltimeinprisonC.tohelpthemmakealivinginprisonD.tolivearespectablelifewhentheywerereleased11.WhatwouldbethepossibleinfluenceofthereformsElizabethfrycampaignedfor?A.Womenprisonerswouldgetapayrise.B.Womenprisonerswouldbewellattendedbywomenguards.C.Thehumanrightsofwomenprisonerswouldbebetterrespected.D.Thehousingofthethieveswouldbemuchbetterthanthemurders’.【答案】9.A10.D11.C【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作為一位英國銀行家的女兒ElizabethFry平常愛幫助無家可歸的人。在19世紀初期她提倡了監(jiān)獄改革，維護女囚犯的權(quán)利，讓她們的人權(quán)得到更好的敬重。9.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Intheearly1800s,Englishprisonswerepitsofcrueltyandviolence.(在19世紀早期，英國的監(jiān)獄是殘忍和暴力的場所)”可知，在19世紀早期英國監(jiān)獄可以形容為不人道的和恐怖的。故選A項。10.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第四句“Toexpandherefforts,in1816shefoundedtheassociationfortheimprovementofthefemaleprisonersofNewgate“toprovidefortheclothing,instruction,andemploymentofthewomen,andtoforminthem,asmuchaspossible,thosehabitsoforderandindustry,whichmaymakethempeaceablewhileinprison,andrespectablewhentheyleaveit.”(為了擴大自己的努力，在1816年，她成立了紐蓋特女囚犯改良協(xié)會，“為女囚犯供應(yīng)服裝、教化和就業(yè)，并盡可能地培育她們的秩序和勤奮習慣，使她們在獄中和平相處，在出獄時受到敬重?！?”可知，作者成立協(xié)會的目的就是讓這些囚犯們改邪歸正，并且有一技之長，這樣當他們被釋放后過上風光 的生活。故選D項。11.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Specificreformsshecampaignedforincluded:separationofmenandwomenprisoners,paidworkforprisoners,womenguardsforwomenprisoners,andthehousingofcriminalsbasedontheircrimes.(她所提倡的詳細改革包括：男女囚犯的隔離，囚犯的有償工作，女獄警為女囚犯供應(yīng)服務(wù)，以及依據(jù)罪犯的罪行為他們供應(yīng)住房)”可知，作者提倡的這些改革內(nèi)容都是站在囚犯人權(quán)的角度，都是為了囚犯的人權(quán)能得到更好的敬重。故選C項。4LightpollutionisblockingastarryviewofthenightskyformorethanhalfofpeopleacrossEngland,aresearchhasfound.Fifty-sevenpercentofstargazersstruggledtoseemorethan10stars,whilejust2%ofparticipantssaidtheyexperiencedatrulydarkskymakingthembeabletocountmorethan30,accordingtotheresearchbytheCampaigntoProtectRuralEngland(CPRE).PeopleinthecountrysidewereencouragedtocounthowmanystarstheycouldseewitheyeswithintheconstellationofOrion,whichisvisibleonlyinthewintermonths.Campaignerssaidtheresultsofthestarcount,supportedbytheBritishAstronomicalAssociation,showedtheproblemoflightpollutionandhowitaffectedoneofthecountryside'smostmagicalsights-adark,starrynightsky.TheysaidtheresultsoftheresearchtomapEngland'snightskiessuggestedmorecouldbedonebythegovernment,localcouncilsandthegeneralpublictoreducethenegativeeffectsofartificiallightfromstreetsandbuildings.EmmaMarrington,darkskiescampaignerattheCPRE,said"We'rehugelygratefultothepeoplewhotookthetimetogetoutandtakepartinourstarcount.Butit'sdeeplydisappointingthatthevastmajoritywereunabletoexperiencethenaturalwonderofatrulydarkskyblanketedwithstars."Withoutanyaction,ournightskywillcontinuetobelostunderacoveringofartificiallight,ruiningthehealthofthenaturalworld.Sheadded:"Thestarcountresultsshowjusthowfar-reachingthelightfromstreetlightsandbuildingscanbeseen.Lightdoesn'trespectboundaries,andcarelessusecanseeitspreadfor,milesfromcities.”Shesuggestedbetter-designedlighting,streetlightdimmingsystemsandpart-nightlightingwheresomestreetlightsareturnedoffduringthesmallhoursshouldprovidean,opportunitytolimitthedamagecausedbylightpollution,reducecarbonemissionsandsavemoney.12.Whatcausesthelightpollutionaccordingtothetext?A.Moreandmorebuildings. B.Lessandlessoutdooractivities.C.Theoveruseofartificiallight. D.Thespreadoflightinthecountryside.13.HowdoesEmmafeelaboutthestargazers'efforts?A.Disappointed. B.Surprised. C.Regretful. D.Appreciative.14.WhatisEmma'ssuggestionfordealingwiththelightpollution?A.Usingstreetlightswisely. B.Turningofflightsatnight.C.Spreadinglightfurther. D.Changingthestreets'design.【答案】12.C13.D14.A【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文是一篇關(guān)于光污染的文章，一項探討發(fā)覺，光污染阻礙了英國一半以上的人欣賞星空。介紹了光污染是如何產(chǎn)生的,它的危害，以及減輕光污染的一些措施。12.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“TheysaidtheresultsoftheresearchtomapEngland'snightskiessuggestedmorecouldbedonebythegovernment,localcouncilsandthegeneralpublictoreducethenegativeeffectsofartificiallightfromstreetsandbuildings.(他們說，繪制英格蘭夜空圖的探討結(jié)果表明，政府、地方議會和公眾可以實行更多措施來削減來自街道和建筑物的人造光的負面影響)”以及第四段中“Withoutanyaction,ournightskywillcontinuetobelostunderacoveringofartificiallight,ruiningthehealthofthenaturalworld.(假如不實行任何行動，我們的夜空將接著在人造光的覆蓋下消逝，破壞自然界的健康)”可知，導致光污染的是人造光的過度運用。故選C。13.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中“We’rehugelygratefultothepeoplewhotookthetimetogetoutandtakepartinourstarcount.(我們特別感謝那些花時間參與我們的星空計數(shù)活動的人)”可知，Emma對觀星者的努力是感謝的。故選D。14.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Shesuggestedbetter-designedlighting,streetlightdimmingsystemsandpart-nightlightingwheresomestreetlightsareturnedoffduringthesmallhoursshouldprovideanopportunitytolimitthedamagecausedbylightpollution,reducecarbonemissionsandsavemoney.(她建議，設(shè)計更好的照明系統(tǒng)、路燈調(diào)暗系統(tǒng)以及在凌晨關(guān)閉部分路燈的部分夜間照明，應(yīng)當能夠削減光污染造成的損害、削減碳排放并省錢)”可知，Emma對處理光污染的建議是“明智地運用路燈。”故選A。5Onsocialmedia,youmaysee"BMgirls",whowearsmallskirts,tinyT-shirtsandskinnyjeans.ThegroupisnamedaftertheItalianfashionbrandBrandyMelville.Itsaysitsclothesare“onesizefitsall”.However,mostclothesthebrandprovidesforgirlsareinsmallsizes,accordingtoBritishnewspaperTheSun.Thebrand’sideaof“onesizefitsall"hasmademanygirlsfeeluncomfortable."Forme,theproblemwasnotthefactthatIcouldn'tpurchaseyourclothes.TherootofmyfrustrationisinthehumiliationIfeltwhenIrealizedthat...Ijustwasn'tgoodenoughfortheMelvillebrand,"younggirlAndyEsmondwroteonthewebsiteOdyssey."Igotthemessageloudandclear:Ifyoudon'thaveanidealbodytype,wewouldratheryounotwearourclothing."Esmondisoneofmanygirlsaroundtheworldwhoaredissatisfiedwiththeirbodyshapes.Accordingtoa2024surveyconductedbyYouthSelectCommitteeintheUK,8in10teenagegirlsintheUKwanttochangetheirweightorbodyshape.TnChina,morethanhalfofteenagerswanttoloseweighttomakethemselveslookbetter,accordingtoa2024surveybySouthernWeekly.ButfashiontrendsliketheBrandyMelvilleclothinglinedonothingtoeasetheanxietyofnegativebodyimage.Instead,theyfeeditfurther,notedCoppellStudentMedia.Inordertoachievesuchan"ideal”image,somegirlsdevelopeatingdisorders.Evenworse,thistrendmayleadtolowself-esteem,depressionandhopelessness.“Theidealizationofthinnesscanbeakeyfactorinworseningtheillnessandpreventingrecovery,andfashionretailersshouldrespectdiversityinpeople'snaturalbodyshapesandsizes,“Beat,theUK'sleadingeatingdisordercharity,toldFabulousDigital.Afterall,beautydoesn'tcomeinabox,orinoneform.Justrecognizethatwearealldifferentandthatissomethingtobecelebrated.Infact,acceptingyourtrueselfcandisplayanaturalbeautythatcannotbeignored.15.Whatcanweknowaboutthegroup"BMgirls"?A.TheyareanAmericanfashionbrand. B.TheyonlybuyBrandyMelvilleclothes.C.Theylovetowearsmall-sizedclothes. D.Theyalwayssharewhattheywearonline.16.WhyaremanygirlsdissatisfiedwiththebrandBrandyMelville?A.Becauseitofferslimitedsizesinclothing.B.Becauseitproducestooexpensiveclothesforthem.C.Becauseitprovidesallcustomersmiddle-sizedclothes.D.Becauseithaspoorcustomerservice.17.Howdofashiontrendslikeone-size-fits-allinfluenceconsumers?A.Theyhelppeopletoimprovetheirbodyimage.B.Theysetnewstandardsforclothingproduction.C.Theyencouragepeopletoaccepttheirbodyimage.D.Theycausesomegirlstodevelopunhealthybodyimages.18.WhatshouldfashionretailersdoaccordingtoBeat?A.Promotetheideaofwearingcomfortableclothes. B.Helpcustomersrecoverfromtheirillnesses.C.Valuedifferencesinbodyshapesandsizes. D.Encouragecustomerstoweardifferentclothes.【答案】15.C16.A17.D18.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白如今類似BrandyMelville這樣的時尚品牌以“一碼通吃”為理念，導致了一些女孩追求不健康的身體形象，說明白這種趨勢的危害以及人們對此的看法。15.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Onsocialmedia,youmaysee‘BMgirls’,whowearsmallskirts,tinyT-shirtsandskinnyjeans.ThegroupisnamedaftertheItalianfashionbrandBrandyMelville.(在社交媒體上，你可能會看到‘BM女孩’，她們穿著小短裙、小t恤和緊身牛仔褲。該集團是以意大利時尚品牌BrandyMelville命名的)”以及其次段中“However,mostclothesthebrandprovidesforgirlsareinsmallsizes,accordingtoBritishnewspaperTheSun.(然而，據(jù)英國《太陽報》報道，該品牌為女孩供應(yīng)的大部分衣服都是小號的)”可知，“BM女孩”寵愛穿小號的衣服。故選C。16.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Thebrand’sideaof‘onesizefitsall’hasmademanygirlsfeeluncomfortable.(該品牌的‘一碼通吃’的理念讓很多女孩感到不滿)”可知，很多女孩對BrandyMelville這個牌子不滿足，因為它的衣服尺碼有限。故選A。17.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ButfashiontrendsliketheBrandyMelvilleclothinglinedonothingtoeasetheanxietyofnegativebodyimage.Instead,theyfeeditfurther,notedCoppellStudentMedia.Inordertoachieve