2017-2018學年人教版英語必修一教案Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero

Ⅰ.核心必記單詞1.activeadj.積極的；活躍的→activityn.活動2.devotevt.獻身；專心于→devotedadj.忠實的；深愛的3.peacefuladj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→peacen.和平4.votevt.&vi.投票；選舉；n.投票；選票；表決5.attackvt.進攻；攻擊；抨擊6.equaladj.相等的；平等的→equalityn.同等；平等7.willingadj.樂意的；自愿的8.escapevi.&vt.逃脫；逃走；避開；(氣體、液體等)泄漏9.rewardn.報酬；獎金；vt.酬勞；獎賞→rewardingadj.值得的；有報酬的10.opinionn.意見；看法；主張Ⅱ.閱讀識記單詞11.generousadj.慷慨的；大方的12.selfn.自我；自身→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.無私的；忘我的→selflesslyadv.無私地；忘我地13.foundvt.建立；建設14.guidancen.指導；領導→guidev.指導；指示；n.導游；指導者15.legaladj.法律的；依照法律的→illegaladj.非法的16.violencen.暴力；暴行→violentadj.暴力的17.educatevt.教育；訓練→educatedadj.受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→educationn.教育18.relativen.親戚；親屬19.sentencevt.判決；宣判20.presidentn.總統(tǒng)；會長；校長；行長語境活用[用所給詞的正確形式填空]1.Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewarding(reward)partsofourlives.(2016·四川)2.Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.(educate)(2017·江蘇)3.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsandweretooviolent(violence)foruseatthetable.(2016·全國Ⅲ)4.Behavinginthisselfless(self)anddevoted(devote)manner，theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears.5.I’vealwayslookedtomyfatherforguidance(guide)inthesematters.6.Womenhaveyettoachievefullequality(equal)withmenintheworkplace.7.Shehopedthedifferentethnicgroupsintheareacouldlivetogetherinpeaceful(peace)co-existence.8.Itisillegal(legal)toselltobaccotosomeoneunder16.1.“教育”詞匯一覽(1)educatev.教育；訓練(2)trainv.訓練(3)instructv.指導(4)drillv.訓練；操練(5)coachv.訓練；指導2.“校長”多重表達(1)headmastern.校長(2)principaln.校長(3)presidentn.校長；董事長3.后綴-ance高頻名詞大集合(1)guidancen.指導；領導(2)performancen.表演；履行(3)appearancen.外表；出現(xiàn)(4)assistancen.幫助(5)significancen.重要；重要性4.“人物性格特點”的反義形容詞對(1)mean吝嗇的→generous慷慨的(2)selfish自私的→selfless無私的(3)inferior自卑的→confident自信的1.outofwork失業(yè)2.asamatteroffact/infact事實上3.blowup使充氣；爆炸4.introuble在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中5.turnto求助于；致力于6.loseheart喪失勇氣或信心7etopower當權；上臺8.setup設立；建立；搭起9.besentencedto被判處……(徒刑)10.inone’sopinion在某人看來語境活用[用上述黑體短語的正確形式填空]1.“Who，inyouropinion，isthebestfootballplayerintheworldtoday？”askedTom.2.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter，youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.(2015·全國Ⅱ)3.Hefailedmanytimes，buthedidnotloseheart.4.WhenIamindifficulty，Ialwaysturntohimforhelp.5.ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.(2015·湖南)6.Heopenedasmallshopofhisownafterhewasoutofwork.1.lose習語歸納(1)loseheart喪失信心(2)loseface丟臉(3)losecontrol失去控制(4)losetouch失去聯(lián)系(5)loseoneself失去自我2.“outof＋n.”短語小結(1)outofwork失業(yè)(2)outofmind心不在焉(3)outofsight看不見(4)outoforder有毛??；出故障(5)outofbreath上氣不接下氣1.不定式作定語HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.1969年7月，他成為第一個登上月球的人。2.where引導定語從句...untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.……直到今天我們到了幾乎沒有任何權利的地步。3.“only＋狀語(從句)”置于句首引起的倒裝...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……直到那時，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。4.thefirsttime引導時間狀語從句IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團作講解時，我感覺很糟。句式仿寫1.張衡是世界上發(fā)明地震儀的第一人。(2016·北京)ZhangHengwasthefirstmantoinventtheseismograph.2.我們到了這樣一個階段：為了挽救我們自己我們必須開始采取有效措施來保護環(huán)境。(2016·北京)Wehavereachedastagewherewemuststarttakingeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentsoastosaveourselves.3.只有父母和孩子都改變態(tài)度，這種不利局面才能改善。(2016·上海)Onlywhenbothparentsandchildrenchangetheirattitudescanthisunfavorablesituationbeimproved.4.我還記得上次你來我們學校參觀時，你向我展示了關于那個主題的一些照片。(2016·全國Ⅱ)Irememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemethelasttimeyouvisitedourschool.devotevt.獻身于；致力于；專心致志于；把……用于拓展詞：devotedadj.摯愛的；忠實的，忠誠的devotionn.奉獻；關照；忠誠devote...to...把……致力于……，專心于……的devoteoneselfto獻身于；致力于bedevotedto致力于；獻身于；熱愛……(1)Heisadevoted(devote)fatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewasintrouble.他是一位慈愛的父親，因為他對女兒很嚴格，在她遇到困難時鼓勵她。(2017·天津)(2)Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuilding(build)aharmonioussociety.只有當我們意識到互相幫助的重要性時，我們才能致力于建設一個和諧社會。[句式升級](3)Hedevotedhimselftomunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.①Devotinghimselftomunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)②Devotedtomunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)votev.投票，選舉，表決；提議n.選票；投票；表決(1)votesb.sth.選出/推舉某人擔任某職務；表決為某人提供某物votefor投票贊成voteagainst投票反對voteon就……投票表決(2)putsth.tothevote把某事交付表決(1)SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”petition.蘇華受叔叔的邀請投票支持參加《未來歌手》比賽的表弟。(2016·江蘇)(2)Fearingthatmostofthecitizensvotedagainsthim，heworeasmile.由于擔心大多數(shù)市民投票反對他，他一直面帶微笑。(3)Wehadnochoicebuttoputittothevote.我們別無選擇，只好投票表決。equaladj.相等的；平等的；相當?shù)模荒軇偃蔚膎.同等的人；相等物v.與……相等，等于；比得上拓展詞：equallyadv.相等地；同樣地equalityn.平等beequalin在……方面比得上beequaltosth./doingsth.等于……；與……相等；勝任……bewithoutequal/havenoequal無與倫比(1)Leavingasidethebirthrateissue，India’seconomymaytakeoffwhenthecountryachievesequality(equal)ofeducationalopportunity.撇開出生率問題，印度經(jīng)濟在國家實現(xiàn)教育機會均等的時候可能會騰飛。(2017·江蘇)(2)HeisequaltoTominability.在能力方面他與湯姆不相上下。(3)Infact，whenitestotheartofwar，antshavenoequal/arewithoutequal.事實上，當談到戰(zhàn)爭的藝術時，螞蟻是無與倫比的。(2015·安徽)[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“勝任……”的其他短語：befitfor，beupto，bequalifiedfor，beadequatetoescapev.逃脫；逃避；被遺忘；(氣體、液體等)泄漏n.逃脫；逃避；漏出拓展詞：escapedadj.逃跑了的[寫出下列句子中黑體詞的漢語意思](1)I’msorry，butyournameescapesme.被遺忘；被忽略(2)Howwillweknowifthere’sanygasescaping？流出；泄漏(3)Thecinemaallowedpeopletoescapefromthedepressingrealitiesoftheirlives.逃避(4)Threepeoplediedinthefire，butJohnescapedthroughthebedroomwindow.逃脫(1)escapefrom從……逃脫；逃避……escapedoing/beingdone逃避(被)做某事(2)anarrowescape九死一生[一句多譯](5)你很幸運逃脫了懲罰。①Youareluckytoescapepunishment.②Youareluckytoescapebeingpunished.[易錯點撥]注意下面兩個短語的區(qū)別：escapefromprison越獄；escapeprison逃過牢獄之災rewardv.酬謝；獎勵，獎賞n.獎金；回報；報酬拓展詞：rewardingadj.值得的；有益的；有意義的(1)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而獎賞/酬謝某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物獎賞/回報某人(2)inrewardfor為獎賞……；為報答……asarewardfor作為對……的獎賞/回報(1)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學生們一直努力學習功課，他們的付出最終會獲得成功的。(2016·北京)(2)I’dliketodosomethinginrewardforherkindness.我想做點什么來報答她的好意。(3)OurtriptotheYukonwasaveryrewarding(reward)experience.我們的育空之行是一次非常有益的經(jīng)歷。[詞義辨析]reward，award，prize(1)reward作名詞表示“賞金，獎勵”或一些非金錢的報酬；作動詞時則表示“獎勵，酬謝”，只能以人或人的行為作賓語。(2)award作名詞指“獎品，獎金等”；作動詞表示“授予，給予；判給”，可以跟雙賓語，awardsb.sth.把某物授予/判給某人。(3)prize只能作名詞，表示“獎賞，獎金，獎品”，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽。eq\x(turnto轉身；求助于；致力于；翻到；轉向；開始從事；查閱)[寫出下列句子中黑體詞的漢語意思](1)Atlast，Iwillbeonmyown，butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp.(2016·全國Ⅲ)求助于(2)Itistimeheturnedhismindtomoreseriousproblems.轉向(3)Let’sturntomoreimportantmattersnow.開始考慮；開始討論(4)Don’talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyouetoanewword.查閱eq\x(loseheart灰心；泄氣；喪失信心)loseone’sheartto愛上；喜歡上oone’sheart使……刻骨銘心byheart憑記憶；能背誦heartandsoul全心全意地eat/tearone’sheartout為某事暗自傷神；憂傷(1)Weshouldnotloseheartinfaceofdifficulties.Ifweworkhard，wewillfindawayout.我們不應在困難面前喪失信心。只要我們努力，就會找到出路。(2016·天津)(2)Thechildrencanrepeatthepoemthey’vejustlearntbyheart.這些孩子能背誦他們剛學過的詩歌。HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.1969年7月，他成為第一個登上月球的人。eq\x(句型：不定式作定語)(1)當被修飾成分前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級及theonly，thevery修飾時，常用不定式作定語。(2)toe將來的；tospare剩余的。這兩個短語常放在時間名詞后面作后置定語。(3)一些特定名詞，如ability，chance，ambition，right，way，reason，time，effort后，常跟不定式作定語。(4)作定語的動詞如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。(1)Ourfootballteamwasthefirsttoreachthefinals.我們的足球隊率先進入了決賽(finals)。(2)Icaughtthebuswithonlyafewsecondstospare.我在離開車只剩數(shù)秒時趕上了公交車。(3)Atpresent，Ihaveafortablehousetolivein.目前，我有一所舒適的房子住。[一句多譯](4)我記下了需要背誦的短語。①Imadenotesofthephrasestobememorized.②Imadenotesofthephrasesthatneededtobememorized/memorizing....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……直到那時，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。eq\x(句型：“only＋狀語從句”置于句首引起的倒裝)eq\x(“only＋副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句”放在句首時，句子用部分倒裝形式。)(1)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.直到莉莉走進辦公室時，她才意識到她把合同落在家里了。(2015·天津)(2)Onlywithallyourtimeandenergycanyoudothisjobwell.只有用上你全部的時間和精力，你才能把這項工作做好。[易錯點撥](1)“only＋狀語從句”放在句首時，倒裝的是主句，從句不倒裝。(2)only修飾主語時不倒裝。(3)Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.只有知道密碼的人才能讀懂這則信息。(2016·全國Ⅰ)IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團作講解時，我感覺很糟。eq\x(句型：thefirsttime引導時間狀語從句)引導時間狀語從句的(名詞)短語和副詞還有：(1)each/everytime每次……的時候nexttime下次……時anytime任何時候lasttime上次……時bythetime到……為止(2)themoment，theminute，thesecond，theinstant，immediately，instantly，directly，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...一……就……(1)ThefirsttimeIinterviewedhim，helookedabitnervous.我第一次采訪他時，他看起來有點緊張。(2)Themomentyougetontheairplane，startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestination’stime.你一上飛機就應該把自己的生物鐘加以調節(jié)，以適應目的地的時間。(2015·重慶)[易錯點撥]forthefirsttime是介詞短語，在句中只能作狀語，不能用來引導時間狀語從句。(3)Naturally，youwerenervouswhenyouwentontheplatformforthefirsttime.你第一次站在講臺上時感到緊張這是很自然的。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Itdoesseriousharmtochildren’scharacterthattoomuchviolence(violent)isshownonTV.2.Encouragedbymyteacher，Iamveryhopeful(hope)aboutmyfuture.3.Devoted(devote)tohisresearch，hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily.4.Pleasedon’thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhavetroublewithyourstudy.5.Hewascrossingthestreetwhenamanwasdrivingfasttowardshimandhenarrowlyescapedbeingkilled(kill).6.TheVoiceofChinahassetupastagewheresomepeoplecanrealizetheirdreams.7.Youcan’timaginethetroubleIhadpersuading(persuade)himtochangehismind.8.Iamthefirsttoarrive(arrive)，andsheisthesecond.9.Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.10.Theoldtemplehasseen(see)greatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteamtheydidn’tlosetheirheart.2.eq\f(Devoted,Devoting)herselftothedeafchildren，theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.3.Thechildrenweresoexcitedtobetakenaboardeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(for))thefirsttime.4.Itwasgenerouseq\f(for,of)himtopayforusboththatday.5.Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwasrewardedeq\f(to,with)asmile.6.Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearstoeq\f(help,helping)thedisabledisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.7.Thiswasatimeeq\f(which,when)therewerenoradios，notelephonesornoTVsets.8.Itshockedhertohearthathergoodfriendeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(was))attackedwithcancer.Ⅲ.教材與語法填空Elias，apoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica，saidthatthetime1.whenhefirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofhislife.In1952，hewenttoseeMandela,2.ablacklawyer，foradvice.Mandelawasgenerouswithhistime，forwhichEliaswasverygrateful.Eliasbeganschoolatsix，buthehadtoleaveschooltwoyearslater3.becausehisfamilycouldn’taffordtheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Asaresult，hehadverylittle4.education(educate).Aftertryinghard，hegotajobinagoldmine.However,5.tolive(live)inJohannesburg，onehadgottohaveapassbook.Nothavingonebecausehewasnotbornthere，heworriedabout6.whetherhewouldbeeoutofwork.ThenMandelahelpedhim，tellinghimhowtogetthecorrect7.papers(paper)tostayinJohannesburg.HebecamemorehopefulabouthisfutureandlaterjoinedtheANCYouthLeague8.organized(organize)byMandela.JustasMandelaputit，theblackswereso9.badly(bad)treatedthattheyhadreachedastagewheretheyhadalmostnorightsatall.In1963，EliashelpedMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings.Heknewthatonlybyansweringviolencewithviolencecouldtheyachievetheirdreamof10.making(make)blackandwhitepeopleequal.Ⅳ.教材與短文改錯THERESTOFELIAS’STORYYoucannotimaginewhatthenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprisonfromwherenooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIgetthereNelsonMandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohadfewlearning.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningwhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindmakecandlestoseethewords.Ibecameagoodstudent.IwantedtostudyformydegreeandIwasnotallowedtodothat.Later，MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoininus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenotcleverthanme，buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoIknewIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodaboutme.答案THERESTOFELIAS’STORYYoucannotimagineeq\f(what,how)thenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprisonfromeq\f(where,which)nooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIeq\f(get,got)thereNelsonMandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohadeq\f(few,little)learning.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeq\f(evening,evenings)whenweshouldhavebeenasleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))makecandlestoseethewords.Ibecameagoodstudent.Iwantedtostudyformydegreeeq\f(and,but)Iwasnotallowedtodothat.Later，MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoininus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenoteq\f(clever,cleverer)thanme，buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoIknewIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodabouteq\f(me,myself).Ⅴ.教材與微寫作寫作素材(關于人物介紹)1.作為律師，我熱愛我的工作。2.我相信法律面前人人平等。3.在大家處于困境時，我樂意不計報酬為大家提供幫助。4.事實上，很多人就法律問題向我求助。提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達，并且請使用when引導的時間狀語從句。連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文)Asalawyer，IamdevotedtomyjobandIbelieveallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.I’mwillingtogiveahandwithoutrewardswhenpeopleareintrouble.Asamatteroffact，alotofpeopleturntomeforlegaladvice.Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2017·山東郯城二中教學質量監(jiān)測)ThereisalottolearnaboutthecreationsofBeatrixPotter—notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld’smostfamouschildren’sbooks，TheTaleofPeterRabbit，butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.“PottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily，butalongwithherbrotherwhofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwithallsortsofanimals，”saidAnneLundin，aretiredprofessorfortheUW-MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.“Asanadult，shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale，”Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedtoturnthecharmingillustrationsandstoriesshewroteinletterstochildrenintobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthathasinspiredplays，ballets，filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren’sbookintheworld，whichwaspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It’sbeentranslatedinto36languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththenextgeneration，”saidLundin.Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation.“Inmanyways，shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoonasshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres，whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury，”saidLundin.“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago，shewasamazinglymodern—herembracingofthenaturalworld，”mentedJenniferBlatchleySmith，anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter’sbirth.語篇解讀本文是一篇人物介紹類文章。主要講述了BeatrixPotter的故事，BeatrixPotter不僅是一位著名的作家、插圖畫家，還是自然環(huán)境保護的先驅者和植物學家。由于Potter對于世界的貢獻，人們至今都在銘記她。1.WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?A.Herlifeandworkexperiences.B.Herspecialtyinanimated(動畫)pictures.C.Hersuccessinbeingabotanicalscientist.D.Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk”(她像兔子彼得一樣，在一個充滿冒險和危險的世界中探險)可知，BeatrixPotter是以自己在現(xiàn)實中的生活和工作經(jīng)歷為基礎來創(chuàng)作這本書的。故選A。2.Whatdoestheword“frustrated”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Disappointed. B.Devoted.C.Motivated. D.Inspired.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale”可知，當時植物學領域是不對女性開放的，所以BeatrixPotter是比較沮喪的。故選A。3.WhatisBeatrixPotter?A.Abotanistandartist.B.Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.C.Awriter，conservationistandfarmer.D.Anartisticdirector.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld’smostfamouschildren’sbooks，TheTaleofPeterRabbit，butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist”，以及倒數(shù)第二段中“becameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist”可知，BeatrixPotter是作家、插圖畫家、自然環(huán)境保護者和農(nóng)民。故選C。4.Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?A.IncelebrationofPotter’s150thbirthday.B.InhonourofPotter’snewcontributions.C.InpraiseofPotter’sspiritofselflessness.D.InsupportofPotter’sbookpromotions.答案A解析寫作意圖題?？v覽全文，全篇都在講述主人公的生平事跡，再根據(jù)最后一段中的“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago，shewasamazinglymodern”及“anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter’sbirth”可知，這篇文章是為了懷念Potter，為慶祝她150歲誕辰而寫的。故選A。B(2018·山西運城期中)Astreesacrossthenorthernareasturngoldanddeepred，youcanfindautumncolorsinparksandwoodlands，inthecities，countryside，andmountains.Peoplearewonderingwhatthesecolorsarefor.Foryears，scientistshaveworkedtounderstandthechangesthathappentotreesintheautumn.Uptonowtherehavebeendifferentexplanationsforwhynaturalselectionmakesautumncolorssowidespread.DrHamiltonfromOxfordUniversityproposedthatbrightautumnleavescontainedamessage：theywarninsectstoleavethemalone.Inautumn，insectschoosetreeswheretheywilllayeggs.Whenthelarvae(幼蟲)eoutthenextspring，theyfeedonthetrees，oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.DrHamiltonsuggestedthattreescouldwardofftheseinsectswithpoisons.Theycouldhavestrongdefensesbylettingegg-layinginsectsknowwhatwasinstorefortheireggs.DrHamiltonandstudentsturnedthetheoryintoamathematicalmodel，whichshowedthatwarningsignalscouldindeeddrivetheevolution(進化)ofbrightleaves.Itwasafirstattempttoseewhatwasoutthere.AresearchteamfromtheUniversityofWisconsingaveaquitedifferentexplanation.“IfyouareuphereinWisconsin，bythetimetheleaveschange，alltheinsectsthatfeedonleavesaregone，”DrHochsaid.Hebelievedthatautumncolorsservedmainlyasprotection.AccordingtoDrHochandhisteam，autumncolorsmightbeabletoprotecttheleavesfromsundamageorfrost(冰凍)injury—inotherwords，theyactuallyactasasunscreentoavoidthedestructiontotheleaves.Besides，autumncolorsmightprotecttheleavesfromwaterloss.Ifthecellsintheleavesbeedry，theconnectionsbetweenthecellswillbeweakenedandleaveswillbreakoff.Althoughtherearedifferentexplanationsaboutautumncolors，ithasreallygiventhemadeeperconcernforthistimeofyear.“Peoplesometimessaythatsciencemakestheworldlessinterestingbyjustexplainingthingsaway，”onefamousbiologistsaid.“Butwithautumnleaves，themoreyouknowaboutthem，themoreamazedyouare.”eq\x(語篇解讀本文講述了秋天樹葉變化的秘密。)5.AccordingtoDrHamilton，thereisaconnectionbetween.A.thesizeofleavesandthesurvivalofinsectsB.thesizeofleavesandthebehaviorofinsectsC.thesizeofleavesandthequalityofinsectsD.thesizeofleavesandthenumberofinsects答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inautumn，insectschoosetreeswheretheywilllayeggs.Whenthelarvae(幼蟲)eoutthenextspring，theyfeedonthetrees，oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.”可知幼蟲以樹葉為食，樹葉的大小和昆蟲的數(shù)量有關系。故選D。6.DrHochandhisteamgivetheexplanationthat.A.climatehasaninfluenceonthecoloroftheleavesB.sundamageandfrostinjurydrivetheinsectsawayC.thecolorofautumnleaveshasaprotectivefunctionD.autumncolorsbringgreatdestructiontotheleaves答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句以及第五段內容可知，秋天樹葉的顏色有保護作用。故選C。7.Theunderlinedphrase“wardoff”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.catch B.attractC.ignore D.prevent答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞前一句“Whenthelarvae(幼蟲)eoutthenextspring，theyfeedonthetrees，oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.”和后一句“Theycouldhavestrongdefensesbylettingegg-layinginsectsknowwhatwasinstorefortheireggs.”可知樹能阻止有毒的昆蟲，畫線詞的意思是“阻止”，故選D。8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEvolutionofColorfulLeavesB.TheSecrettoAutumnLeaves’ChangesC.TheCharmAutumnColorsD.TheRoleofLeaves’BeingProtection答案B解析標題歸納題。通讀全文內容可知本文敘述的是秋天樹葉變化的秘密。故選B。Ⅱ.語法填空(2018·江西百所名校聯(lián)考)AfewdaysagoIattendedagathering,9.whereagirlsharedthatshehadrecently“l(fā)ost”herwallet(itwasmostlikelystolen).Irememberedthat10.feeling(feel)becauseIhadlostmywalletmanytimesthroughoutmyyoungeryears.Andtwiceit11.wasreturned(return)tome.Idecidedtolabeloneofmysmall12.purses(purse)，whichIactuallyhadwithmethatday，withhername，alongwithsomecashinsideandan13.encouraging(encourage)note.Thetrickwastotrytogetittoher14.secretly(secret)，becauseIdon’tknowherandmaynotseeheragain.Iquicklywenttoanotherarea15.towrite(write)thenote.AndthenIwrotehernameonapieceofpaper