金屬材料 板狀、棒狀微型試樣 第1部分：疲勞試驗方法 編制說明

本項目是依據(jù)國標(biāo)委發(fā)[2023]63號文“國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會關(guān)于下達2023年第四批推薦性國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計劃及相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外文版計劃的通知”下達的項目我國目前使用的疲勞試驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T26將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)征求意見稿和編制說明發(fā)送到力學(xué)分委員會委員及有代表性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相關(guān)方廣泛征求意見，同時在《鋼鐵標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)》網(wǎng)站上注意：如果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草案涉及專利，在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制修訂過程中的任何階段，均應(yīng)附上《已披露的專利清單》廣泛征求意見，并將反饋意見加以說明。鼓勵沒有參與國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制修訂的組織或者個人在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制修訂的任何階段披露其擁有和知悉的必要專利。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在起草過程中主要按GB/T1.1-20由于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所依據(jù)的能量等效原理是針對均質(zhì)、各項同性和應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變呈冪律的金屬材料，因此本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限定適用材料為循環(huán)應(yīng)力幅-應(yīng)變幅關(guān)系滿足冪律的（2）參照GB/T26077對試樣的制備與存儲圖1推薦試樣幾何構(gòu)形1）A部分2）B部分圖2推薦二次夾具本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)除對試驗機及其測控系統(tǒng)進行檢查和校準(zhǔn)外，還要求進行試驗前的對中性檢查。通過測量同一試樣兩側(cè)在前后兩次彈性范圍內(nèi)的等載荷加載下的應(yīng)變的相對誤差不超過5%來判斷試驗機、夾具和試樣所組成的加載鏈系統(tǒng)是否滿足對中性要求。循環(huán)應(yīng)力幅-應(yīng)變幅關(guān)系。建議單試樣多級循環(huán)試驗的名義應(yīng)變幅以0.05%為增應(yīng)以0.05%~0.1%為變化值，應(yīng)變水平的設(shè)定應(yīng)盡可能使材料疲勞壽命介于冪律硬化材料的循環(huán)應(yīng)力幅-應(yīng)變幅曲線關(guān)系采用式中，E為彈性模量，Ka為循環(huán)強度系數(shù)，N在da,p/R∈[0.1(da,p/R)max,(da,p/R)max]范圍內(nèi)，按式（2）表1確定材料循環(huán)應(yīng)力幅關(guān)系-應(yīng)變幅關(guān)系所用參數(shù)值mpkp1kp20.74940.30320.5851根據(jù)疲勞試驗中每個試樣Nf/2時的力-應(yīng)變數(shù)據(jù)，由式（1）確i（5）{i=0c(R,表2確定根部的循環(huán)等效應(yīng)變幅εa所用參數(shù)值c0c1c2c3c4c53.6440-1.71750.3356-1.49101.68188.1619{f(σ6）- [1]LiuQ,CaiLX,ChenH,etal.Anoveltestmethodbasedonsmall-specimenstoobtainlow-cycle-fatiguepropertiesofthin-walledmaterials[J].MechanicsofMaterials,2019,138:103153.[2]張澤權(quán),蔡力勛,韓光照,等.基于彈塑性解析方程的薄片試樣低周疲勞試驗方法[J].機械工程學(xué)報,2023,59(6):72-83.有限公司、天津大學(xué)、蘇州熱工研究院有限公司等單位合作完成3種材料的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漏斗形板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗根據(jù)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法完成曲線對比結(jié)果。表4為316L材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果，表5~表8分別為不同單位的316L材料板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果；表9為P91材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試勞試驗結(jié)果；表14和表15分別為Q370材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣和板狀試樣低周疲勞試表3循環(huán)應(yīng)力幅-應(yīng)變幅關(guān)系參數(shù)材料試樣E/GPaKa/MPana(b)P91316L標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣8975.102板狀試樣(R=5mm)-微力特斯9655.163板狀試樣(R=5mm)-試金石9245.139板狀試樣(R=5mm)-三思縱橫4.824板狀試樣(R=4mm)-天津大學(xué)8815.631P91標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣2164.212板狀試樣(R=5mm)-微力特斯4.602板狀試樣(R=5mm)-試金石5.152板狀試樣(R=5mm)-三思縱橫4.733板狀試樣(R=4mm)-天津大學(xué)8815.900Q370標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣9825.790板狀試樣(R=5mm)-西南交大9276.150(a)316L(c)Q370圖3循環(huán)應(yīng)力幅-應(yīng)變幅曲線表4316L標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果試樣編號試樣直徑φ/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle6.000.006000318.40.0016160.0043842#6.000.005000283.70.0014400.00356032183#6.000.004000270.20.0013720.00262858584#6.000.004000271.20.0013770.00262357725#6.000.003000239.20.0012140.001786203286#6.000.003000242.60.0012320.001768188907#6.000.005000298.10.0015130.00348732966.000.003500253.50.0012870.0022139#6.000.003500269.20.0013670.00213393646.000.006000316.60.0016070.004393表5316L板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（微力特斯）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εa應(yīng)力幅σa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,e塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,p倍壽命2Nfmm?mm-1MPamm?mm-1mm?mm-1Cycle0.006469342.20.0017370.00473223402#0.005538329.10.0016710.00386825703#0.004418310.10.0015740.00284453704#0.006696345.10.0017520.0049445#0.005479328.20.0016660.00381331406#0.004228306.40.0015550.00267282007#0.003256284.40.0014440.001813238000.003349286.80.0014560.00189313200表6316L板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（試金石）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle0.005261310.60.0015760.00368421302#0.005021306.90.0015580.00346433403#0.004032289.50.0014690.00256394104#0.004170292.10.0014830.00268754805#0.007039333.80.0016950.0053446#0.006090322.20.0016360.00445522607#0.005962320.50.0016270.0043350.002675256.60.0013030.001372256409#0.003414276.20.0014020.00201210880表7316L板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（三思縱橫）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εa應(yīng)力幅σa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,e塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,p倍壽命2Nfmm?mm-1MPamm?mm-1mm?mm-1Cycle0.004892310.00.0015740.00331847402#0.005967327.20.0016610.0043063#0.004813308.60.0015670.00324630164#0.002785261.70.0013280.001457183605#0.004046293.70.0014910.00255542806#0.005849325.40.0016520.00419726807#0.004802308.40.0015660.00323738800.004133295.50.0015000.00263347809#0.002918265.70.0013490.001570182200.005898326.20.0016560.004243表8316L板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（天津大學(xué)）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle0.003174285.00.0014470.001727180202#0.003210285.90.0014510.001759133103#0.004105305.30.0015500.00255569504#0.004044304.20.0015440.00250083205#0.005198323.70.0016430.00355539186#0.006365339.40.0017230.0046427#0.006221337.60.0017140.00450726900.005288325.10.0016500.00363834909#0.005298325.20.0016510.0036472900表9P91標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果試樣編號試樣直徑φ/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle6.000.007000371.80.0017210.0052792#6.000.007000371.80.0017210.0052793#6.000.006000379.20.0017560.00424425724#6.000.006000320.90.0014860.0045145#6.000.005000353.10.0016350.00336578066#6.000.005000363.30.0016820.00331831787#6.000.004000320.90.0014860.00251465586.000.004000330.10.0015280.00247262189#6.000.003000305.60.0014150.001585185206.000.003000316.90.0014670.00153312666表10P91板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（微力特斯）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle0.004973352.10.0016300.00334344202#0.006196374.80.0017350.00446125503#0.002982300.00.0013890.001593210404#0.003929328.00.0015190.00241078205#0.004014330.20.0015290.00248589406#0.004901350.60.0016230.00327840007#0.006039372.20.0017230.00431625600.006895386.00.0017870.0051089#0.006995387.50.0017940.0052010.002912297.60.0013780.00153417440表11P91板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（試金石）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle0.006106368.70.0017070.00439926502#0.006182369.90.0017120.00446925303#0.004764345.90.0016010.00316242304#0.005060351.40.0016270.00343343205#0.003754324.00.0015000.00225459606#0.003718323.10.0014960.002222100207#0.002800296.70.0013740.001426164400.002901300.10.0013890.001512241209#0.006935380.50.0017620.0051730.006716377.50.0017480.0049682190表12P91板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（三思縱橫）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle0.006926376.40.0017420.00518426402#0.005802358.90.0016620.00414040403#0.005555354.70.0016420.00391338404#0.004718338.80.0015690.00314962005#0.003852319.20.0014780.00237485006#0.002685284.50.0013170.001368278407#0.004430332.70.0015400.00289050200.003755316.80.0014670.00228891409#0.002735286.30.0013250.001410259200.006958376.80.0017450.005214表13P91板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（天津大學(xué)）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle0.005372342.40.0015850.00378732702#0.006327355.00.0016430.00468428903#0.002904294.40.0013630.001541188804#0.003959318.90.0014760.00248393205#0.005167339.40.0015710.00359545706#0.004017320.00.0014810.00253599807#0.002900294.20.0013620.001538212400.006248354.00.0016390.00460933809#0.007491367.90.0017030.0057880.007468367.70.0017020.005766表14Q370標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圓棒試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果試樣編號試樣直徑φ/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle6.000.005000361.10.0018180.00318289002#6.000.006000384.60.0019360.00406475323#6.000.007000411.30.0020710.00492944904#6.000.008000403.50.0020310.00596924425#6.000.005000364.10.0018330.00316785166#6.000.004500351.30.0017680.002732128747#6.000.004500353.20.0017780.002722197146.000.008000422.60.0021280.00587230169#6.000.007000396.80.0019980.0050023604表15Q370板狀試樣低周疲勞試驗結(jié)果（西南交大）試樣編號試樣寬度w/mm試樣厚度t/mm應(yīng)變幅εamm?mm-1應(yīng)力幅σaMPa彈性應(yīng)變幅εa,emm?mm-1塑性應(yīng)變幅εa,pmm?mm-1倍壽命2NfCycle0.006861390.40.0019620.00489933202#0.005910378.00.0018990.00401172003#0.005953378.60.0019020.00405165604#0.007034392.50.0019720.00506234805#0.004971363.40.0018260.00314599406#0.008130404.50.002033