2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)十九選修⑥Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld課時(shí)作業(yè)含解析牛津譯林版

PAGE課時(shí)作業(yè)(十九)選修⑥Unit4HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldⅠ.閱讀理解A[2024·成都市高三診斷檢測(cè)]PeopleoftenaskhowIdecidewheretogo,andIusuallygethesitatedwithmyresponse,asIdon'tactuallyhaveananswertothat.Formorethanthreeyears,Ihavebeenmakingmovementswiththeuniverse,travelingfromonelocationtoanotheratseeminglyrandomintervals.AfriendofminepostedamessageonlineaskingifanybodywasinterestedinajobteachingEnglishinChina.SoIjumpedonacomingplane.Walkingintomyfirstclass,Iwasbombedby16strangechildrenwhocouldn'tunderstandasinglewordoutofmymouth.WhenIwalkedoutofmylastclass,sixmonthslater,Ihadmadeapersonalconnectionwiththem.SomeofmystudentscouldbarelyspeakChineseorEnglish.Butsomehow，throughdeterminationandforce,wewereconnected.EveryclasswasnotonlyalessoninEnglish,butingoodfellowship,beingarolemodel,beingaparent,andbeingafriend.Ibecameafathertosome,anolderbrothertoothers.Iwaslovedandadored,fearedandhated.Ihadtolearndiscipline,andnotonlyhowtodealitout,buthowtodisciplineandconductmyselfasarolemodel.Butinbetweenthediscipline,Ihadtomakelearningafunexperience.AndtheyforgavemewhenIyelledorgotupset.Andwhentheylosttheirtempersorbruisedtheirkneesormissedtheirmommies,Iforgavethem,kissedtheirbruisesbetter,andgavethemashouldertocryon.TeachingEnglishinChinais,byfar,themostemotionallyrewardingandfulfillingthingI'veeverchallengedmyselftodo.Ihavewalkedawayfromthisjobwithasoftenedheart,knowingthatIhavemadeadifferenceinsomanylives.Iwantthat.Iwantmyteachingtobereciprocalbecausetheytaughtmehowtounconditionallyopenmyheartandhowtobeamorelovingandpatientperson.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutthewriterbeforehecametoChina?A．Hedidn'thaveafixedjob.B．Hewasaprofessionalwriter.C．Heworkedinatravelagency.D．Hetaughtinalanguageschool.2．Whatwasthesituationlikewhentheauthormethisstudentsforthefirsttime?A．Hard.B．Exciting.C．Touching.D．Inspiring.3．WhatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromParagraph3?A．Hewascasualandpatient.B．Hewasresponsiblebutsensitive.C．Hewascautiousbutbad-tempered.D．Hewasself-reflectiveandconsiderate.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocal”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Beneficial.B．Interacted.C．Encouraging.D．Acceptable.B[2024·成都市畢業(yè)班其次次診斷檢測(cè)]Africanpenguins(Spheniscusdemersus)beartheunfortunatenickname“jackasspenguins”becausetheycommunicatethroughhonking,donkey-likesounds.Laughatthemifyoulike,butanewstudysuggeststhattheirjackasslanguageactuallyfollowsthesamebasicrulesasours.InthestudypublishedinthejournalBiologyLetters,researchersrecordednearly600vocalizations(發(fā)聲)from28adultmalepenguinslivinginItalianzoos.Malestendtovocalizealotduringthematingperiod,whichiswhytheresearchersturnedtothispopulation.ThescientistsknewfrompreviousresearchthatAfricanpenguinshonkusingthreedistincttypesofsounds,similartohumansyllables(音節(jié)),whengreetingoneanother,mating,ordefendingterritory.Buttheresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherthose“syllables”followedtwocommonlinguistic(語言學(xué)的)rules.Oneofthoserules,calledZipf'slawinshort,wasproposedin1945bythelinguistGeorgeKingsleyZipf.Thelawstatesthatthemorefrequentlyawordisusedinanylanguage,theshorterittendstobe(thinkofwordslike“the”，“to”and“of”inEnglish).Previousstudieshaveanalyzedmorethan1,000worldlanguagesforevidenceofZipf'slaw,andtheruleholdsupinallofthem.Theotherrule,knownastheMenzerath-Altmannlaw,saysthatthelongerawordorphraseis,theshorteritscomponentsyllablesare,whileshorterwordsaremorelikelytohavelongersyllables.Theword“onomatopoeia”，forexample,ismadeofsixveryshortsyllables,while“couch”ismadeofonelongerone.Previousstudieshaveshownthatnonhumanprimatesfollowboththeseruleswhentheycommunicatewitheachother,butwhataboutjackasspenguins?TheresearchersofthenewstudyfoundthatthesongsofthemalejackasspenguinconformtobothZipf'sandMenzerath-Altmann'slaws:Theshortestcallstendedtobethemostcommon,andthelongestphrasesweremadeupoftheshortestsyllables.Thisstudyprovidedthefirstnonprimateevidencethatthesecommonlinguisticpatternsextendintotheanimalkingdom,theauthorswrote,andthat'snothingtohemandhawat.5．Whydidtheresearcherschooseadultmalejackasspenguins?A．Theycanvocalizedifferentkindsofsounds.B．Theyaremoreaccessiblethanotherpenguins.C．Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughhonking.D．Theymakesoundsfrequentlyduringthematingperiod.6．Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressbymentioningthewords“the”，“to”and“of”inEnglish?A．GeorgeKingsleyZipf'sideaisreasonable.B．Thesewordsareextremelysimple.C．Previousstudiesareverymeaningful.D．Englishisquitesimilartootherlanguages.7．WhichofthefollowingfullyexplainswhattheMenzerath-Altmannlawmeans?A．Eggandfood.B．Contradictoryandshout.C．Learnandearn.D．Discriminationandprescription.8．Whatconclusionhasthenewstudymade?A．Manylanguagesfollowthesamelinguisticrules.B．Jackasspenguinscommunicatewitheachotherbyhonking.C．Jackasspenguins'languageandthehumanlanguagesharethebasiclinguisticrules.D．Zipf'slawandMenzerath-Altmannlawarecommonlyappliedrules.Ⅱ.七選五[2024·廣州高三調(diào)研]LearningtounderstandspokenEnglishcanbedifficult.Learnersmustnotonlymasternewphrases,butalsolearnconversationalidioms.That'salottolearn!Buttheymaysoonrealizethereissomethingelsegoingon.__1__Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled“registers”.Intheirwork,languageexpertsidentifythreemajorfactorsthataffecttheregisterofspokenEnglish:theplaceoftheconversation,therelationshipbetweenthespeakers,andthepurposeoftheconversation.__2__Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.Athome,onemightsay,“C'mon,Iwannaleave.”Thesamepersonatworkmightsay,“Areyoureadytogonow？”Therelationshipbetweenthespeakersalsoaffectsthelanguagetheyusewhentalkingwitheachother.Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.__3__Peoplewhoknoweachotherwellmightusemoreidiomsandmoreslangintheirspeech.Anangrywomanmighttellherdaughterto“hushyourmouth”andhersisterto“quietdown”．Finally,thepurposeoftheconversationaffectspeople'sspeech.Apersonwhowantstoeasehurtfeelingsusesasoft,quiettone.__4__Fewspeakersrealizethattheychangeregistersaccordingtothesefactors.__5__Wearenotawarethatwemakethesechanges.Weacceptthechangeabilityoftheweather,butweoftenrefusetoacceptthechangeabilityofspeech.A．Infact,mostpeoplestronglydenyit.B．Peoplegenerallyspeaklessatworkthantheydoathome.C．Theverysamepersonspeaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations.D．Therefore,weshouldbecarefulnottohurteachotherwithourspeech.E．Ontheotherhand,apersonwhowantstopickafightspeaksrapidlyandloudly.F．Theplacewheretheconversationtakesplacedirectlyaffectsthelanguageoftheconversation.G．Becausetheyalreadyshareinformationandexperiencewithfriends,theydonotneedtoexplainasmuch.Ⅲ.語法填空[2024·浙江五校聯(lián)考]A3-year-oldboywhowaslostinthewoodsfortwodaysisnowsafeathomewithhisfamily.ButCaseyHathawaytold1.________(he)rescuersthathewasnotaloneinthewet,freezingcoldwoods.Hesaidhewaswith2.________friend—abear.ThechildwentmissingonJanuary22while3.________(play)withfriendsathisgrandmother'shouseinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolina.WhentheotherchildrenreturnedtothehouseandCaseydidnot,thefamilysearchedtheareaforalmostanhour4.________callingthepolice.Policeformedasearchandrescueteam5.________(look)fortheyoungboyinthenearbywoods.6.________twodayswentbyandstillnoCasey.ThenonJanuary24,someonecalledthepolicesayingtheyheardachildcryinginthewoods.Policefollowedupontheinformationandsearchedthatparticulararea,7.________theyfoundCaseyatabout9：30thatnight.Theypulledhimoutofsomebushes.Hewasingoodhealth.Caseytoldtherescuersthathe8.________(hang)outwithablackbearfortwodays,abearhecalledhis“friend.”SheriffChipHughesspokewithreportersfromseveralnews9.________(agency).HesaidCaseydidnotsayhowhewasabletosurviveinthewoodsfortwodaysinthecold,10.________(rain)weather.課時(shí)作業(yè)(十九)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)——作者在中國教英語的經(jīng)驗(yàn)【語篇解讀】本文主要講解并描述了作者在中國教英語的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及感悟。1．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第一段中的“Formorethanthreeyears,Ihavebeen...seeminglyrandomintervals”可以推斷，作者在來中國之前并沒有穩(wěn)定的工作，故A項(xiàng)正確。2．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的“Walkingintomyfirstclass，Iwasbombedby16strangechildrenwhocouldn'tunderstandasinglewordoutofmymouth”可推知，作者第一次見到學(xué)生時(shí)，狀況是艱難的，故選A。touching意為“動(dòng)人的，令人憐憫的”；inspiring意為“鼓舞人心的”。3．答案與解析：D考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第三段中的“Ihadtolearndiscipline，andnotonlyhowtodealitout，buthowtodisciplineandconductmyselfasarolemodel”可推知，作者擅長(zhǎng)自我反思，并結(jié)合“Iforgavethem，kissedtheirbruisesbetter,andgavethemashouldertocryon”可推知，作者是愛護(hù)的，故選D。4．答案與解析：B考查詞義揣測(cè)。本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，依據(jù)緣由狀語從句“becausetheytaughtmehowtounconditionallyopenmyheartandhowtobeamorelovingandpatientperson”可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩膶W(xué)生教會(huì)了他如何無條件地敞快樂扉，如何成為一個(gè)更有愛心、更有耐性的人，所以他希望自己從事的教學(xué)工作是互惠的(自己和學(xué)生都有所收獲)，B項(xiàng)的含義與畫線詞的含義最為接近，故選B。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會(huì)——探討發(fā)覺——非洲企鵝的語言規(guī)則【語篇解讀】非洲企鵝有“公驢企鵝”的外號(hào)，因?yàn)樗鼈兺ㄟ^發(fā)出像驢一樣的叫聲進(jìn)行溝通，但一項(xiàng)新的探討表明，非洲企鵝的語言和人類語言遵循相同的基本語言學(xué)規(guī)則。5．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段中的“Malestendtovocalizealotduringthematingperiod，whichiswhytheresearchersturnedtothispopulation”可知，探討人員之所以選擇雄性非洲企鵝是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诮慌淦陬l繁發(fā)出聲音，故選D。6．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“theruleholdsupinallofthem”可推知，作者列舉在英語中運(yùn)用的三個(gè)單詞是為了說明齊夫定律是合理的，故選A。holdup意為“支撐得住”。7．答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第四段中的“MenzerathAltmannlaw,saysthatthelongerawordorphraseis,theshorteritscomponentsyllablesare,whileshorterwordsaremorelikelytohavelongersyllables”可知，MenzerathAltmann定律表明一個(gè)單詞或短語越長(zhǎng)，它的組成音節(jié)越短，而較短的單詞更可能有較長(zhǎng)的音節(jié)；contradictory單詞長(zhǎng)，是一個(gè)多音節(jié)詞，但音節(jié)較短，shout單詞短，但卻是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)音節(jié)詞，這兩個(gè)詞能完全闡釋MenzerathAltmann定律，故選B。8．答案與解析：C考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Thisstudyprovidedthefirstnonprimateevidencethatthesecommonlinguisticpatternsextendintotheanimalkingdom”和第一段最終一句可知，新的探討的結(jié)論是非洲企鵝的語言和人類語言遵循相同的基本語言學(xué)規(guī)則，故選C。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會(huì)——人際溝通——影響英語口語語體風(fēng)格的三個(gè)主要因素【語篇解讀】語言專家發(fā)覺，影響英語口語語體風(fēng)格的三個(gè)主要因素是：談話的地點(diǎn)、說話者之間的關(guān)系以及談話的目的。1．答案與解析：C空后一句“Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled‘registers'”與C項(xiàng)中的“speaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations”相呼應(yīng)，說明同一個(gè)人在不同的狀況下說話風(fēng)格不同，故選C項(xiàng)。2．答案與解析：F依據(jù)空后一句“Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.”可知，即使是一起工作和生活的兩個(gè)最好的摯友，他們?cè)谵k公室里交談的方式也可能更正式；并結(jié)合該段所舉的例子和第一段最終一句可知，本段應(yīng)是講解并描述影響英語口語語體風(fēng)格的因素之一——談話的地點(diǎn)，故F項(xiàng)與此處匹配。3．答案與解析：G依據(jù)空前一句“Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.”可知，人們對(duì)摯友說話不太正式，而對(duì)生疏人說話則比較正式。據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是說明其緣由，即因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)和摯友共享了信息和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以他們不須要說明太多。故G項(xiàng)正確。4．