語法-定語從句

定語從句(TheAttributiveClause)定語：對名字或代詞起修飾、限定作用的句子成分。名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞等都可以作定語。如：Englishproblem;hisbook;yellowdress;threeapples;翻譯：停在外面的那輛汽車是我的。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞關系詞：連接先行詞與定語從句，并代替先行詞在從句中作一定的句子成分，有關系代詞和關系副詞兩種。關系代詞引導的定語從句Who、whom、whose引導定語從句Who和whom指人，who作主語；whom作賓語，在限制性定語從句中可以省略；在口語中who可以代替whomThemanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Whose指人或物，作定語，指物時可用ofwhich代替Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.2.that、which引導定語從句1）that多指物，有時也指人，作主語、表語或賓語，指物時和which用法相同，但也有區(qū)別Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.which指物，作主語和賓語，作賓語時在限制性定語從句中可省略Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.注意：that和which的區(qū)別，下列情況只用that不用which先行詞是all、something、everything、anything、nothing、little、much等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾；I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞；TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.先行詞被theonly、thevery、thelast修飾；Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.先行詞中既有人又有物I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.小試牛刀：1.1.Thepolicemancaughtthethief______hasstolenMr.Li’scomputer.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.who2.Thebasketball________Iboughtyesterdaycostme80yuan.A.that B.where C.who D.when二、關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞when、where、why的先行詞是表示時間、地點或原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語，有時可用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)替換ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.當定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時，即使先行詞表示時間、地點、原因任用which/that當先行詞為一些抽象地點的名詞，如point、situation、case、stage等，如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，用關系副詞where引導定語從句，如果不作狀語，用關系代詞that/whichTheyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.(地步)Rememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconference.（點）小試牛刀：–Wheredidyougettoknowher?--Itwasonafarm____weworked.A．thatB.thereC.whichD.where2.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity____sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where3.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot____welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where三、“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句1.若介詞放在關系代詞之前，關系代詞指人時常用whom，指物時常用which，另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)2.介詞選用：1）先行詞的意義；2）從句中的動詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；3）句子的意思；4）表示“整體和部分關系”介詞用of（在some、any、little、all等前后用ofwhich/whom；the+比較級或最高級前后用ofwhich/whom.3.當表示時間、地點或原因的先行詞在從句中作狀語是，也可以使用“介詞+關系代詞”，一般情況下，where=inwhich，why=forwhich，when=on/inwhich4.當先行詞是物時，作定語的引導詞whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名詞。小試牛刀：1.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof____arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom2.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat3.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,____hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis四、as、which引導定語從句1.as作關系代詞引導非限制性定語從句，“正如、正像”，可放在句首、句末或句中2.習慣用語：asIremember;asisoftenthecase;asisexpected;asisknowntous;asisknown等3.such/so…as…表示“像…這樣…”引導定語從句；such/so…that…表示“如此…以致…”引導結(jié)果狀語從句4.thesame…that…表示同一人或物；thesame…as…表示同一種類的東西5.as在從句中作主語是，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如asbeknown，ashesaid，asbereported等。如果從句中行為動詞時主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.她又缺席了，這在預料之中。Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmademeveryhappy.五、way和time后面的定語從句1.theway在從句中作方式狀語，可以用inwhich/that/不填；但作主語、賓語等成分時，用that/which2.先行詞time作“次數(shù)”講，用that，可省略；若time是“一段時間、時代”，用關系副詞when或介詞at/during+which六、非限制性定語從句定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句修飾主句中的某個名詞、名詞詞組或代詞，從句和主句之間不用逗號分開；非限制性定語從句常用逗號將從句和主句隔開，可以修飾主句中的某一個詞，也可以修飾整個句子。Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeangry.另外，限制性定語從句與先行詞關系密切，省去之后主句意思表達不清楚；非限制性定語從句只是對修飾的詞或句子作進一步的說明，省去之后主句意思依然完整。Thisisthehousewheretheartistwasborn.LiPing’sfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer.小試牛刀：1.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,____wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it2.Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where定語從句解題步驟：找出主句找出被修飾詞即先行詞找出定語從句將先行詞代入定語從句判斷關系詞在定語從句中充當什么成分，如作主語、賓語、表語，需選擇關系代詞who、whom、that、which；如作定語，需選擇whose、ofwhich或ofwhom；如作狀語，需選擇關系副詞when、why、where練習：1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as3.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who4.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as5.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when6.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather'sneighbour.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which7.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who8.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose9.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all10.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as11.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose12.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.whichC.thatD.he13.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who14.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich15.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That16.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what17.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what18.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when19.Thenewpolicyonlycoverssuchpeople____havemadegreatcontributionsduringthewar.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.as20.AftervisitingHarbin,mostoftheforeignfriendssaidtheywouldneverforgetthetime___theyhadspent.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.atwhich21.ThepreschoolteacherinHenanProvince___heldachildupsidedownbythelegsandexposedhimtothecoldweatherwasfired.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when22.Ahousingbubbleisaneconomicsituation____occurswhenhousepricesrisemuchtoofast.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why23.TheCCTVprogram,PeopleWhoMovedChina,honorsthose____contributionsshouldberemembered.A.whoseB.whichC.theirD.who24.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which25.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose____liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which26.Weliveinanage___moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich27.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof___arefamilymembers.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom28.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,___isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what29.____isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As30.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich31.Itisaterriblemomentforallthecitizensthismonth,____thedeadlyexplosiontorethroughtheLondonUnderground.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.while32.Thekeytosuccessofanyfilmisfindingacapableandqualifiedartisticdirector,____Ialwaysthinkisimportant.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which33.Onlythose____answeredthequestionswellcouldbeletin.A.whoB.heC.thatD.what34._____wasoftenthecase,hedidn’tstudyhardandfailedtopassthetest.A.WhatB.WhichC.ItD.As35.Havingamixofmaleandfemalenursesalsohelpscreateafunatmosphere,____helpspatientsrecoverfaster.A.thisB.thatC.whichD.where36.Takeanactivepartinsportsorotheractivitiesyouenjoy____youcanmeetvariouskindsofpeople.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.where37.China’spopulationisexpectedtoincreasetoabout1.5billionin2040,____itwillstarttodeclineslowly.A.whereB.whichC.onwhichD.afterwhich38.HongKo