中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題 名詞

語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題一-----名詞名詞的分類專有名詞：指某人，某地，某機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，其首字母要大寫。如HongKong,China,BillClinton,RedCross個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如

student,book名普可數(shù)名詞詞通集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family,school,group,people名詞不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：cotton,air,tea抽象名詞：表示抽象概念，如:work，happiness,news2．名詞的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，其復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下：絕大多數(shù)在詞尾加s。如：book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.2）以ch,sh,s,x,o結(jié)尾的名詞加es。如：watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;box,boxes;tomato,tomatoes下列以o結(jié)尾的詞加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)：piano,photo,radio,zoo,bamboo,kilo3）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改為i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys

4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，先將f或fe改為v，再加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：leaf,leaves;wife,wives.但有些以f結(jié)尾的名詞，是在f后加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)，常見的有：roof,chief,belief,gulf等。個(gè)別的兩種方式都可以，如：handkerchiefs,handkerchieves5）少數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，要一一背記：man→men;woman→women;Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;child→children;mouse→mice少數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注：fishes表不同種類的魚)6）復(fù)合名詞：A.含man或woman的復(fù)合名詞，兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：twomenteachers,fourwomendoctorsB.將復(fù)合名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，如：lookers-on旁觀者，editors-in-chief總編輯,passers-by過路人C.如果沒有主體名詞，就在詞尾后加s。如：grown-ups成年人，go-betweens中間人7）以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：trousers,glasses眼鏡，scales天平，savings儲(chǔ)蓄，findings調(diào)查結(jié)果，doings行為，surroundings環(huán)境，arms武器，fireworks煙火，remains殘余，thanks感謝，riches財(cái)富，ashes灰燼，stairs樓梯8）有些名詞在一定的詞組中要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：takepains下功夫,madepreparations作準(zhǔn)備，giveregardsto問候2.名詞的所有格1）名詞的所有格一般用于有生命的名詞。其構(gòu)成多在詞尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’sbike,Marx’sworks以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞，在詞尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’sworks以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只在詞尾加“’”。如：students’homework,aworkers’nightschool一所工人夜校，不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍在詞尾加“’s”。如：men’sclothes男士衣服children’sbooks兒童讀物如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人共有，只在后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在兩個(gè)名詞的詞尾分別加上“’s”。例如：TomandMike’sroom湯姆和邁克合住的房間Tom’sandMike’srooms湯姆、邁克各自的房間表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在名詞所有格后省去shop,house等名詞。如：thetailor’s裁縫店，thebarber’s理發(fā)店，gotothedoctor’s上診所，atmyuncles在我叔叔家表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的名詞，可以在詞尾加“’s”或“’”來表示所有格。如：today’snewspaper,halfanhour’srest,twoweeks’work,tenminutes′walk,China’spopulation,Shanghai’sindustry表示無(wú)生命的名詞一般用of短語(yǔ)表示所有關(guān)系。如：thestudentsoftheirschool,theteachersofGrade2表示所屬物的名詞前如果有不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞，常用“of＋所有格”來表示所屬關(guān)系。例如：Heisanoldfriendofmyfather’s.ThisisapictureofMary’s.考點(diǎn)分析Hegainedhis_______byprinting_______offamouswritersA.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.weaths;workD.wealth;works2.Manypeopleagreethat_______knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.A.a;×B.the;anC.the;theD.×;the3.Oh,John_____yougaveus!A.HowagreatsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise4.Shebrokea_______whileshewaswashingup.A.glasswineB.wineglassC.wine’sglassD.glassofwine5.________terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa6.Shortlyaftertheaccident,two_______policeweresenttothespottokeeporder.A.dozensofB.dozensC.dozens’ofD.dozen7.I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittle______.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest8.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtoleavea_________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice專題練習(xí)1._________fromBeijingtoLondon!A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis2.We’veworkedouttheplan,andnowwemustputitinto________.A.factB.practiceC.realityD.deed3.Electrcity,likeotherformsof________,hasgreatlyincreasedinprice.A.pressureB.forceC.strengthD.energy4．Thatfellowisclever;hehas___________.A.brainB.abrainC.thebrainD.brains5.Juliewenttothe________tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoe’sstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes’store6.Those______tooklotsof______intheSummerPalace.A.Germen;photoesB.Germen;photosC.Germans;photosD.Germans;photoes7.Allpossiblemeans__________tosavethehero.A.hastriedB.havetriedC.hasbeentriedD.havebeentried8.——Whosecarisit?——It’s________.A.TomandMaryB.Tom’sandMary’sC.Tom’sandMaryD.TomandMary’s9.Thereare5____inthfields.A.headsofcattlesB.headsofcattleC.headofcattlesD.headofcattle10.Heistheverythiefthepolice________lookingfor.A.isB.areC.hasD.have11.AllbutJack__________herejustnow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were12.Heknowsalmosteverything.Sowesayheisamanofmany_________.A.knowlegesB.presentsC.giftsD.rewards13.Carelessnessistheusual__________offire.A.wayB.excuseC.causeD.reason14.Thegirlisquite________tohermothernow.A.ahelpB.helpsC.helpD.helpness15._______iscomingtogiveusalecture.A.AmanagerandanexpertB.AmanagerandexpertC.ManagerandexpertD.Managerandanexpert16.Mostofthebridgesovertheriveraremadeof__________.A.stoneB.thestoneC.astoneD.thestones17.Ifyouhurther_________,youshouldapologize.A.feelingsB.feelC.feelsD.feeling18.I’llgoandcallat__________rightafterschool.A.thedoctorB.theSmithsC.SmithD.myuncle’s19.Theshopwillbeclosedduring_________.A.repairsB.arepairC.repairD.repairing20.The________wesawyesterdaycomeouttothefarmonceinawhile.A.mouseB.deerC.dogD.cow21.Mybrotherdidn’tfindarmylifetohis__________.A.likeB.tasteC.qualityD.favour22.Thoughtheyhadn’tmetforlong,herecognizedher___________.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.laughter23.Learningthattheyweretohaveapicnic,thechildrenwerein_______.A.thehighspiritB.highspiritsC.ahighspiritD.highspirit24.After_______silence,theybegantowriteletterstoeachother.A.three-yearB.athree-yearC.threeyearsD.threeyearss25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller__________.A.copyB.pairC.pieceD.set26.