04根據(jù)首字母提示完成短文-2022-2023學(xué)年八年級英語下學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)培優(yōu)拔高（牛津譯林版）（原卷版）

04根據(jù)首字母提示完成短文小技巧小技巧首字母填空是多數(shù)學(xué)生的噩夢，難度較大。是期末試卷中的區(qū)分題，所以做好此題，非常關(guān)鍵。一、幾點(diǎn)建議：整體把握，避免盲人摸象。一定要通讀短文知大意，看整體全面了解.通讀全文時要一氣呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，單獨(dú)幾個單詞不理解對文章大意理解影響不大。復(fù)讀短文抓信息，前后照應(yīng)巧猜詞.運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞知識或上、下文的意思加以猜測，來確定它的詞義和詞形反復(fù)推敲多琢磨，慎重答題多分析。分析成分，確定句子所缺成分，從而進(jìn)一步確定詞性和詞形。認(rèn)真復(fù)查很重要，關(guān)注整體和詞形.要特別關(guān)注：名詞：可數(shù)不可數(shù)，單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動詞的其五種形式：原形、三單、過去式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，形容詞和副詞：先分形副，再定三級（原級，比較級，最高級）。代詞甚至反身代詞，連詞，介詞，數(shù)詞量詞等十大詞類。非謂語動詞：不定式，動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞。特別注意：千萬不能好不容易填出了單詞，而因形式失誤失分。二、常用方法：關(guān)鍵詞法。準(zhǔn)確找到關(guān)鍵詞或符號。揣測句意法。也可以稱為結(jié)合語境法.判斷詞性法。也可稱為句子成分判斷法。準(zhǔn)確判斷畫橫線要填的詞在句子里做主語、謂語、賓語、定語、表語，這樣有利于保證所填的詞的正確形式萬無一失。推理法。結(jié)合上下文的意思及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系推理判斷該填的單詞的正確形式。固定搭配法。如makesb.dosth.;spendtimedoingsth……非常常用的一種方法，讀完一句話明確覺得是某個詞組的固定搭配的運(yùn)用，這是首字母填空中難度較小的一種題型。句型法。首字母填空經(jīng)常會考察學(xué)生固定搭配的熟練運(yùn)用。實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練1．WhenBoyanwas16yearsold，hewasdivinginasea.Hewassurprisedtoseemoreplasticbagsthanfishinthesea.Hemadeuphis（1）mtocleanuptheocean.However，everyonetoldhimthathecoulddo（2）nifplasticbagswentintotheocean.Theteenagerdidn'tgiveup.He（3）sseveralmonthsstudyingplasticpollution.Atlast，hecameup（4）wascienceprojecttocollectthewaste.What'smore，thecollectedplasticbagscanberecycledandmadeintoproductsoroil.Hewonmany（5）pfortheproject，butthatwasnotenoughforhim.Hewantedtocleanuptheoceantomakeourworldabetterplace.2．AliceinWonderlandisoneofthemostlovedchildren'sbooksofalltime，andmanyadults（1）eitaswell.IttellsaboutayounggirlcalledAlice，who（2）eamagicalworldcalledWonderland.Heradventuresbeginwhenshe（3）fawhiterabbitdownahole.Atthe（4）bofthehole，shefindsasmalldoorintoabeautifulgarden.She（5）sinapoolofherowntears.Shemeetsacatwithasmile.ShealsomeetscharacterswhicharefromapackofplayingcardsandtheQueenofHearts（6）ihertoplaycroquet.Thenshewakesup.ThewriterofthebookisLewisCarroll.Oneday，hehadapicnicwith（7）tlittlegirlswhowerefriendsofthefamily.Tocatchtheirattention，hetoldthemthe（8）sinwhichAlicewasthemaincharacter.ThethreegirlsenjoyedthestoryverymuchandtheyaskedCharlesto（9）witdown.Andhedidso.Itwasfirst（10）pin1866，underthenameAlice'sAdventuresinWonderland.Thebookwasagreatsuccess.Sincethestorywasfirstprinted，ithaskeptsellinguptothepresentday.3．Thereisnothingmorei（1）tolifethanthesun．W（2）thesun，alllivingthingsontheearthwoulddie．Thesunisastar．Intheskytherearet（3）ofstarslikethesun．Theyareaslargeasthesunandashotasthesun．Atnightyoucanseemanystars，butinthedayyoucano（4）seeonestarThesun．Thesunismuchn（5）tousthananyotherstar．Thatisw（6）itlooksthebiggestandbrightestofallthestars．Thedistance（距離）ofthesunfromtheearthisasm（7）as150，000，000kilometers．MoststarsarethousandsoflightYearsa（8）fromtheearth．DoyouknowwhatalightYearis？N（9）intheworldtravelsfasterthanlight．Ittravels300，000kilometerspersecond．AndonelightYearisthedistancethatlightcantravelinoney（10）．2．Without考查介詞，根據(jù)語境"沒有太陽，地球上所有的生物都會死去"，without表示"無，沒有"的意思，故答案是Without．3thousands考查名詞，根據(jù)語境"在天空上有成千上萬的星星像太陽一樣"，thousandsof表示"成千上萬的"的意思，故答案是thousands．4．only考查副詞，根據(jù)語境"但白天你僅僅能看到一顆星星太陽"，only表示"僅僅，只有"的意思，故答案是only．5．nearer考查形容詞，根據(jù)語境"太陽比任何一顆其他的星星都離我們近很多"，兩者對比用比較級，故答案是nearer．6．why考查代詞，根據(jù)語境"這就是為什么它看起來是所有星星中最大和最亮的"，why表示"為什么"的意思，故答案是why．7．much考查固定搭配，根據(jù)語境"太陽離地球的距離高達(dá)15000000千米"，asmuchas表示"差不多"的意思，故答案是much．8．a(chǎn)way考查固定搭配，根據(jù)語境"大多數(shù)星星遠(yuǎn)離地球幾千光年"，awayfrom表示"遠(yuǎn)離"的意思，故答案是away．9．Nothing考查代詞，根據(jù)語境"世界上沒有任何東西比光的傳播速度更快"，故答案是Nothing．10．year考查名詞，根據(jù)語境"一光年是光在一年內(nèi)可以運(yùn)行的距離"，故答案是year．4．WhatisUNICEF？UNICEFispartoftheUnitedNations.Itwass（1）upinEuropein1946，afterWorldWar11.Atthattime，m（2）children'sliveswerechangedbecauseofthewar，andUNICEFwantedtohelpthem.NowUNICEFworksinover190c（3）andareas.Ithelpsgovernments，munitiesandfamiliesmaketheworldab（4）placeforchildren.UNICEFwantsallchildrentobeh（5），soitprovidesthemwithcleanwaterandfood，andtriestopreventthemf（6）gettingillnesses.UNICEFbelievesthatitisimportantforchildrentoreceivebasiceducation，soitp（7）basiceducationforchildreninpoorareas.UNICEFkeepsworkingfortheequalrightsofgirlsandwomen.Italsow（8）topreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases.UNICEFr（9）moneybysellingChristmascardsandorganizingotheractivities.Peoplecans（10）itbydonatingmoneyorworkingasvolunteers.5．ASpecialTeamattheWinterParalympics（殘奧會）Aspecialteamwasdoingsomevoluntaryworkatthe2022BeijingWinterParalympicsGames.Infact，theselittle（1）vare68lovelyguidedogs.Allofthemwerestrictly（2）cfromatrainingcenterinDalian，LiaoningProvince.Monthsofspecialtraininghadtaughtthemhowtodowithplex（復(fù)雜的）situationsincoldenvironments.AttheParalympics，（3）eoftheguidedogswearsaQRcode（二維碼）.Byscanningthecodes，peoplecan（4）elearnalotofdetailedinformationaboutthedogs，（5）itheirblooding，age，traininghistoryandserviceconditions.China（6）supthefirstguidedogtrainingcenterin2006.Twoyears（7）l，aguidedognamedLuckymadeitsappearanceattheBeijingParalympics.Withits（8）h，PingYali，thefirstChinesewhogotaParalympicgoldmedal，pletedthetorchrelay（火炬?zhèn)鬟f）.Ourmoderntechnologywill（9）ctodevelop.Butthespecialwarmthandloyaltyofguidedogsarealwaysneeded.DuringtheGames，theguidedogsgreatlyhelpedthe（10）bathletestofullyenjoythesportspetition.6．ZhangXiaoxiaoisa9YearOldgirlfromZhoukou，Henan.Oneday，whenshefinishedall（1）（vegetable）andriceoftheschoollunch，she（2）（leave）fourshrimps（蝦）inherbowl.Whenthegirl（3）（ask）forthereason，shesmiledandsaidshewouldtaketheshrimpshomeforhersickmother.Zhang'smotherisinpoorhealthandsheis（4）（able）todoheavywork.HermotherasksZhangtoeatthefoodherself，（5）thedaughterstillbringsithome.Mr.Zhu，theprincipal（校長）oftheschool，playsanimportantpartinteachingsuchalovinggirl.Therearemorethan180studentsinhisschool.Mostoftheirparentsworkfaraway.Somedonotmeettheirparentseven（6）（one）ayear.Somechildrenliveintheschool.Theyaretooyoung（7）（take）careofthemselves，soZhuandhiswifelivewiththemthere.Although（雖然）therearegovernmentsubsidies（補(bǔ)貼），Zhuspendshisownmoney（8）（buy）foodsuchasshrimpsandbeefforthechildren.Theschoollunchbeesthe（9）（good）mealforsomechildren.Mr.Zhusaid，"Iwant（10）（they）tobehappyandhealthy.Ifachildhasnotreceivedsunshineandlove，howcanheorsheloveothers？"7．Takingpublictransport，makingpaymentsonlineorjustwalkingaroundThesedailyactivitiescanhelpturnChina'sdesertsintoforestsifyouareusingAntForest.AntForestisafeatureintheAlipaymobilepaymentapp.Itrecordsusers'lowCarbonactivitiesTakingabustoworki（1）ofdriving，forexample—andgivesusers"greenenergy".Whenauser'sgreenenergygetshighe（2），AntForestanditspartnerswillplantarealtreeforthatperson.AntForestr（3）the2019ChampionsoftheEarthaward（地球衛(wèi)士獎），theUN'shighestenvironmentalhonor，forencouragingpeopletolivegreenerlifestylesandprotecttheenvironment.S（4）itslaunch（發(fā)起）inAugust2016，AntForestanditspartnershaveplantedsome122milliontreesinChina'sdriestareas，whichincluderegionsinInnerMongolia，Gansu，QinghaiandShanxi，reportedXinhuaNewsAgency.Thetreesc（5）anareaof112，000hectares（公頃）.TheprojecthasbeeChina'slargestprivateSectortreePlantinginitiative（倡議）.ThisisonlypartofChina'seffortstomakeEarthg（6）.In1978，ChinabegananationalLevelforestation（造林）projectTheThreeNorthShelterbeltForestProgram，alsoknownasthe"GreatGreenWall".Theprogramhasimprovedlivingconditionsandd（7）localbusiness，accordingtoChinaDaily.It'sreportedtheforestcoveragerate（覆蓋率）amongtheregionsoftheprojectr（8）13.57percentin2017，paredto5.05percent40yearsago.InlightofChina'ssuccessagainstdesertification（沙漠化），theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme（UNEP）believesthecountryisagoode（9）forotherstofollow."Chinaisoneofthemosts（10）countriesingreeningthedesertandhaslessonstosharewiththeworld."formerUNEPExecutiveDirectorErikSolheimtoldXinhua.8．Chinaisanoldcountrywitharichculture.WhentravellingtoChina，understandingChinesecultureandcustomsisi（1）foryoutobehaveinagoodway.It'sbeingpopularforforeignerstobeinvitedintoChinesehomes.BeinginvitedtoaChinesefamily'shomecanbeawonderfulandwarme（2）.Chinesepeopleareknowntobeveryweling（好客）.Whenyou'reinvitedtoaChinesefamily'shome，makesureyouarriveontime.Don'tforgettosaygoodwordsabouts（3）youlikeinthehouse.Giftsareusuallygivenwhenvisitingsomeone'shomeorbeinginvitedfordinner.Chinesepeopleliketor（4）fruitorteainaniceboxorbasket.Aftersomesmalltalks，esthedinner.AChinesedinnertableisahappyplace，f（5）ofdeliciousfoodandconversation.Wheninvitedoverfordinner，makesuretonoticewhateverybodyelseisdoingandtrytodothes（6）.You'dbettereatplentyoffoodtoshowyou'reenjoyingit.Don'tfinishoffthewholedish，butleaveasmallamountoffoodontheplates.Itshowsthatthehosthasp（7）enoughfood.Forforeigners，Chinesepeoplemaybeverycurious（好奇的）.Chinesepeoplearen'tafraidtoaskpersonalquestions，evenifyou'vemetforthef（8）time.So，don'tbesurprisedtobeaskedthingslikeyourage，youreducationoryourwork.Youdonothavetoanswerthesequestions.Ifyoudon'twanttotalkaboutyourownlife，j（9）explaintothem.EnjoyyourselfinthewarmandwelingworldofthelocalChinese.Asag（10）inChina，youwillgetspecialtreatment.Andyourhostsmakesureyouwillhaveagoodtime.9．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞。Thepeoplewerescared.Theythrewrocksatitandattackeditwithpitchforks.Whentheyhadkilledit，theyusedahorsetodragitawayintoafield.M（1）youwouldn'tdoanyofthosethingsifyousawahotAirballoonlandingnearyourhome.Butbackin1783，veryf（2）peoplehadeverseensuchathing.BallooningstartedwithJosephMontgolfier，whowasnotthetypeofpersonyou'dexpectedtobeaninventor.Hedidn'tlikeschoolandranawayfromhomeasateenager.Asagrownup，hefailedinbusiness.Hewasveryu（3）hisyoungerbrother，Etienne，whowasresponsibleandsuccessful.ButwhenJosephstartedreadingonhisown，hediscoveredthathelovedscienceandexperiments.Alotofgoodsciencestartswiths（4）payingattentionandthinkingaboutwhatyou'veseen.Josephmadeamonobservationandthendidsomethingamazingwithit.Josephnoticedthathotairrises．Hea（5）noticedthatrisinghotaircancarrysolid（固體的）objectswithit.Ifyou'veeverwatchedbitsofash（灰）risingwiththesmokefromafire，you'veseenittoo.Hewondered，whatifIf（6）aclothbagwithhotair？Wouldtherisingairl（7）thebag？Onlyonewaytofindout!Ofcourse，bagsfilledwithhotairr（8）up.Soon，JosephandEtienneweremakinglargerandlargerclothbags，whichtheycalledballons，theFrenchwordfortheball.Theyheldpublicdemonstrations，fillingtheballoonsoverafirepitandl（9）themgo.Theballoonswentupandthencamed（10）astheairinsidecooledoff.SoonallthepeopleintheMontgolfiers'hometownofAnnonayweretalkingaboutballoons.Next，thebrotherswenttothegreatcityofParistoshowofftheirnewinvention.10．Whatcanmiddleschoolstudentsdoforthesociety？ThreemiddleschoolgirlsinFujianaretryingtos（1）livesbywritingaproposal（提案）tothegovernment.ChenLu，WuXinnaandLiaoSigi，all17yearsold，wroteaproposaltosetupmoreAEDs（自動體外除顫儀）inplacesl（2）stores，markets，etc.AEDsaremachinesthathelpthosewhohavesuddenheartdiseases.They'res（3）enoughtousesothatanyonecanuseoneonapatientbeforeanambulance（救護(hù)車）arrives."Then（4）ofsuddendeathsinChinaeachyearisabout544，000.Andthereshouldbe100AEDsforevery100，000people.ButinChinatherearel（5）than0.5，"Chensaid.Thethreegirlsusedsixmonthstow（6）ontheproposal.Finally，theybroughtupseveralsuggestions.OneistosetupAEDsstepbystepindifferentplaces.Anothersuggestionishowtot（7）morepeopletouseAEDs.TheRedCrossSocietyofChinacanshowpeopletousethem.P（8）mediasuchasTVstationscanoffervideoinstructionsonhowtouseAEDs.Techpaniescoulde（9）makeAEDappsandminiprogramstohelppeoplefindthemachines."Ourproposalprovidesspecificpracticaladvice，"saidLiao."Wefeltas（10）ofsocialresponsibility（責(zé)任）duringthisevent.WehopetodosomethingwhenitestolifeSavingissues，"Wuadded.11．Justasthesayinggoes，"WheninRome，doastheRomansdo."IfyoutraveltotheUK，youneedtogreetpeoplethereina（1）pway.Britishpeopleusuallysay"hello"or"nicetomeetyou"andshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthe（2）ftime.Theyonly（3）grelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.Theyliketostartaconversationwith（4）sliketheweather，holidays，musicorbooks.Theyavoidtalkingaboutage，（5）w，ormoney.MostoftheBritishpeoplehavegoodmanners.Theythinkitrudetopushinbeforeotherssotheyalways（6）qfortheirturn.Theywillapologizeifthey（7）bintoyoubyaccidentinthestreet.Whenyouareintheirway，theywillalwaysbe（8）penoughtowaitforyoutomove.Theypaygreatattentiontotheirbehaviorsinpublic.Forexample，theyseldomshoutorlaugh（9）lwhenothersarearound.When（10）twithaBritish，youwillalsofindthattheysay"please"or""thankyou"allthetime.Keepthesemannersinyourmind，I'msuretheywillbehelpfultoyouinthefuture.12．DuringtheTangDynasty，EmperorTaizongaskedtheprimeminister（宰相）FengDeyitoremendtalentedpeople.（1），F(xiàn)engdidn'tremendanyoneafterseveralmonths."Itriedmybest，butthereareno（2）（usual）orwellRoundedpeopleatall，"Fengsaid."Peopleareliketools，"saidtheemperor."Whatweneedtodois（3）（make）gooduseoftheirstrengths．Youshouldblame（歸咎于）（4）（you）fornotnoticingpeople'sstrengths．Howcouldyousaythattherearenotalentedpeopleinourdynasty？"That'strue．Eachtoolhasitsownfunction（功能）．Aknifeismadetocutthings（5）chopsticks（筷子）aremadetopickupfood．Wecan'tuseaknifeasachopstick.（6）atool，eachpersonhasaspecialstrength.Nobodyisperfect.Wecan'texpectapersontobegoodateverything.Withthisideainmind，EmperorTaizongfoundmanytalentedpeopleofdifferent（7）（background）.Hegavethemimportantpositions，whichhelpedthemmakethemostoftheirtalents.Histalentedpeoplehelpedthesocietydevelopandcreateda"goldenage".AgoodexampleisMaZhou，whogrewupinapoorfamily.Magavealotof（8）（use）advice，soEmperorTaizonggavehimapositionandpraisedhimmanytimes.Ifapersonistalentedinonefield，weshouldgivehimachance.（9）sameideacanbefoundintheAnalectsofConfucius.Treatingpeopleastoolsshowsgoodleadership.PresidentXiJinpingoncetoldthisstorytoofficers，（10）（ask）themtotreattalentedpeoplecorrectly.13．TodayI'mheretotalkaboutnoisepollution.Notallnoiseisnoisepollution.Noisebeesnoisepollutionwhenitbeginstoharmhumanandanimallifeorwhenit'snot（1）n.（2）Eofnoisepollutionincludethesoundsofcars，buses，lorries，trainsandplanes.Whenyoustandnearabusyroad，sometimesthenoisecanhurtyourears.Andpeople（3）lnearairportsoftenfinditdifficulttosleep.Noisepollutioncanalsobefrommachines.Weoftenuseverynoisymachinesaroundthehouseoratourjobs.Factorynoiseisalsoabigproblem.Finally，sometimesloudmusiccanbeaformofnoisepollution.Forexample，themusicfromacluborfromyournextDoor（4）n.Wemightthinkthatnoisepollutionisjustasmallproblem，butactuallyitcanbe（5）d.Somepeoplehavebeedeafbecauseofnoisepollution.What'sworse，whenpeople（6）lsleepbecauseofnoisepollution，theybeecareless.Thiscanleadtoaccidents，andpeoplecangethurtor（7）ekilled.Finally，noisemakespeoplefeelstress.Thiscanleadtoheartdisease.Whatcanwedoabouttheproblemofnoisepollution？Weneedstronger（8）lagainstloudnoises.Thegovernmentalsoneedstoputupwallsnexttoroadsandairportsto（9）ppeoplefromthenoise.Finally，wecanallhelpwiththeproblemofnoisepollutionbyturningdownourmusicandTVs，andusinga（10）svoicewhenwetalk.14．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示寫出所缺單詞，使短文意思完整，每空一詞。IntheUSA，onenamehasetomeangoodmannersEmilyPost（1872﹣1960）.EmilyPostwasborninMaryland，but（1）mtoNewYorkwhenshewasstillachild.In1904，shebegantowritebooksandarticlesformagazines.ShewroteEtiquette（aboutgoodmanners）in1922.Herbookwasvery（2）s.Soonshehadherownradioprogrammeandbegantowriteweeklynewspaperarticlesongoodmanners.Hernewspaperarticlesalsobecam