2024屆廣西壯族自治區(qū)玉林市高中畢業(yè)班第一次摸底測試英語試題（含答案解析）

2024屆高中畢業(yè)班第一次摸底測試英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.考生作答時(shí)，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑；非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?A.Brazil.B.Britain.C.Mexico.2.Whatwillthemantrynext?A.Hotpot.B.Pekingroastduck.C.Dumpling.3.Howmanystudentsgottheprizeinthecompetition?A.14.B.17.C.34.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shegotacoldduringhertrip.B.ShewillheadtoCanada.C.ShewantstofindajobinCanada.5.Whywasthemancarryingthebottlesatfirst?A.Hewantedtorecyclethem.B.Hehadjustboughtthem.C.Hewasgoingtothrowthemaway.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。6.Whatproblemdidthewomanhave?A.Shecouldn’taffordaticket.BShecouldn’tfindthemuseum.C.Shethoughttheexhibitionwasfree.7.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Buyaticket.B.Goupthestairs.C.Prepareforaflight.聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。8.Whywasthewomanlatefortheinterview?A.Shewentbackhometogetherbag.B.Shedidn’tfindtherightplacefirst.C.Shestoppedtobuysomewater.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelafterherinterview?A.Confident.B.Disappointed.C.Nervous.聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Formerclassmates.B.Co-workers.C.Strangers.11.Whatisthepartycelebrating?A.Maria’snewbook.B.Maria’sgraduation.C.Maria’snewjob.12.Whatdoesthewomenlikebestabouthercurrentjob?A.Herco-workers.B.Herjobcontent.C.Heroffice.13.Whatsubjectdoesthewomenprobablywriteaboutnow?A.Homedecoration.B.Gardening.C.Teenagedevelopment.聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?AAtanartcollege.B.Atthewoman’soffice.C.Atamuseum.15.Whydoesn’tthewomansignupfortheoilpaintingclass?A.Itistooadvancedforher.B.Thetimeoftheclassdoesn’tsuither.C.Sheisnotinterestedinoilpainting.16.WhendoestheIntroductiontoModemArtclassend?A.At7:00p.m.B.At8:00p.m.C.At9:00p.m.17.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Pickherdaughterupfromschool.B.Buysometickets.C.Filloutaform.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答小題。18.WhatactivitywillvolunteersdointheBangorIsland?A.Cleanupthebeach.B.Observelion-fish.C.Removedolphins.19.WhatistheNorthSeafamousfor?A.Vividmarinelives.B.Ascientificresearchbase.C.Theperfectspotforwatersports.20.Whatisthemainpurposeofthevolunteerproject?A.Toconductresearchonmarinelife.B.Toprotectmarineenvironment.C.Tosupportenvironmentalconservation.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALet’sfaceit:Lifeishard.Butitdoesn’thavetobe,especiallyifyouhavethefollowingproducts.Fromaworkoutmirrortoawaterpurifier,yourdaytodayroutineisabouttogetaloteasier.TempoMove$495SHOP.TEMPO.FITTempomakesexercisetrulyconvenientfromyourownhome.Youmayrecognizeitasoneofthemanyworkoutmirrorsonthemarket,butthenewtempomovesystemallowsyoutoeasilyconnectyourphoneandtheirappstoaTV,andfollowalongwithalltheirwonderfulclasses.VIVEFlow$499ATVIVE.COMVivegoggleswillbringanextremelyaccessibleandrefreshingapproachtotheVRworld.TheVivegogglesare,well,apairofgogglesnotunlikesomethingyou’dweartosnowboard.They’reextremelylightweightwithalightningfastset-upthat’ssuitableforthingslikewatchingNetflix,ormeditation(冥想).It’sthecalmestheadsetI’veeverwornandusescamerastoletyoucontroleverythingwithjustyourhands.Hisense75”U80X0GR8KULEDRokuTV$1,800ATBESTBUY8Ksoundedlikealuxury,butnowthatbrandslikeHisense,whichfocusonamoreaffordableversion,havegotsometimewiththetech.Youcanfinallybringthedeepcoloroutputandastonishingdetailintoyourlivingroom.Callingit“afordable“maybealittleoverstate,butcomparedtomost8KTVswhichallrunover$5,000,it’sthemostcost-efficientversionofthetechwe’vegot.LARQWaterPurifier$139ATLIVELARQ.COMLarqjustmadeyourwatercleanerwithlighttechnology.Thebestpartisthatitsomehowmanagestotastecleanandfreshtoo.AndwhileIthoughtitmaybeatrick,I’veforcedfriends,family,andstrangerstocompare,andtheyallagree.Evenifyoudon’tcareaboutcleanwater,you’llcareaboutthat,right?1.WhatcanbeinferredaboutViveGoggles?A.Theyareuser-friendly. B.Theyhelpkeeptrackofweight.C.Theyareintendedforsnowboarders. D.Theycancontroleverything.2.WhatisspecialaboutHisense8KTV?A.Itslookisluxurious. B.Itstechisadvanced. C.Itiseconomical. D.Itfeaturesdeepcolor.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?AAconsumerreview. B.Asciencereport.C.Anonlineadvertisement. D.Aproductintroduction.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)幫助提升生活質(zhì)量的新設(shè)備。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)VIVEFlow中的最后一句話“It’sthecalmestheadsetI’veeverwornandusescamerastoletyoucontroleverythingwithjustyourhands.(這是我戴過的最友好的耳機(jī)，它有攝像頭，讓你只用手就能控制一切。)”可知，只用手就能控制一切，說明這很容易操作，便于用戶使用的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hisense75”U800GR8KULEDRokuTV中的“Callingit‘a(chǎn)fordable’maybealittleoverstate,butcomparedtomost8KTVswhichallrunover$5,000,it’sthemostcost-efficientversionofthetechwe’vegot.(說它‘便宜’可能有點(diǎn)夸張，但是與大多數(shù)售價(jià)超過5000美元的8K電視相比，它是我們現(xiàn)有的8K電視中最實(shí)惠的款式。)”可知，這款電視經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了幾款幫助生活更方便的設(shè)備，內(nèi)容主要涉及產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和主要優(yōu)勢。文章最有可能來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)雜志，目的在于打廣告。故選C。BWhenagroupofcollegestudentsputtheirsorrowsintoaction,theyneverimaginedtheprojectwouldfuelanationwidemovementtohelpdealwithhungerandcontrolonfoodwaste.Butthat’sexactlywhattheFarmlinkProjecthasdonesince2020,bringingtogetherhundredsofyoungvolunteerstorescuenearly77millionpoundsofexcessfoodanddeliverittothoseinneed.Theorganization’seffortshelpfarmers,theenvironment,andpeoplestrugglingtofeedtheirfamiliesallatonce.“IntheUnitedStates,40millionAmericansdon’thaveenoughfoodtoeat.Theydon’tknowwheretheirnextmealisgoingtocomefrom,”saidAidanReilly,whoco-foundedFarmlink.“Meanwhile,intheUnitedStates,we’rethrowingoutover100billionpoundsoffoodeveryyear.”Backin2020,ReillyandhischildhoodfriendJamesKanoffwerereadingandwatchingnewsaboutfoodshortages,andtheylearnedthatareafarmswereforcedtodestroyexcessproducethattheycouldn’tsell,especiallywithrestaurants,schoolsandhotelsclosed.Reilly,KanoffandacoregroupoffriendsworkedtogetheroverZoom,textedande-mailedtocontactfarmscoasttocoast.“Wedidn’treallysetouttostartanonprofit,”Reillysaid.“Wejustthought,‘There’resomanypeoplesuffering,ifwecanfigureoutonewaytohelp,thenthat’llbegreat.”InCalifornia,theyfoundafarmerwhohad13,000eggsthatcouldbedonated,andReillyofferedtodothepickupanddeliveryhimself.Thatwasthefirstofmanymoredeliveries.With“we’llcometoyou”astheircatchphrase(標(biāo)語),thegrouprentedU-Haultrucksandattemptedtodoallthefoodpickupanddeliveriesthemselves.“Wehadalotofsmallproblemsinthebeginning,”Reillysaid.“Webrokeaxles(車軸),loadedin40,000poundsofpotatoesinawrongwayandhadtotrytodragthemoutbyusinganothertruckandarope.Butwemadeitwork.”“Farmlinkhasworkedwithmorethan100farmsand300communitiesintheUS,rescuingandmovingenoughfoodtodistributemorethan64millionmeals,”Reillysaid.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutFarmlinkProjectfromthetext?A.Itwaslaunchedbysomecollegestudents. B.IthelpsrelieveAmericanpoverty.C.Itcooperatedwiththefarmsworldwide. D.Itissupportedbythegovernment.5.Whydidsomefarmswastetheproduceleft?A.Theproducewasofpoorquality.B.Nobodycametopurchasetheproduce.C.Thefarmersrefusedtosellitatalowprice.D.Foodshortageswerenolongeraproblemglobally.6.Whatdifficultydidthestudentsencounterinthestart-upphase?A.Theywerelackinginexperience. B.Theyoverloadedthesupply.C.Theirnavigationaidsdidn’twork. D.Thevehicleswereinadequate.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Americansfacedafoodshortagecrisis.B.Farmersinpoorareasworriedaboutfoodwaste.C.Volunteersdeliveredfarmproducetothoseinneed.D.Studentstookactiontotacklehungerandfoodwaste.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講一群美國大學(xué)生將悲傷付諸行動(dòng)，推動(dòng)一場全國性的運(yùn)動(dòng)，幫助解決饑餓和控制食物浪費(fèi)的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenagroupofcollegestudentsputtheirsorrowsintoaction,theyneverimaginedtheprojectwouldfuelanationwidemovementtohelpdealwithhungerandcontrolonfoodwaste.(當(dāng)一群大學(xué)生將他們的悲傷付諸行動(dòng)時(shí)，他們從未想到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目會(huì)推動(dòng)一場全國性的運(yùn)動(dòng)，幫助解決饑餓問題和控制食物浪費(fèi))”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是由一些大學(xué)生發(fā)起的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Backin2020,ReillyandhischildhoodfriendJamesKanoffwerereadingandwatchingnewsaboutfoodshortages,andtheylearnedthatareafarmswereforcedtodestroyexcessproducethattheycouldn’tsell,especiallywithrestaurants,schoolsandhotelsclosed.(早在2020年，賴?yán)退麅簳r(shí)的朋友詹姆斯·卡諾夫在閱讀有關(guān)糧食短缺的新聞時(shí)就了解到，該地區(qū)的農(nóng)場被迫銷毀賣不出去的多余農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，尤其是在餐館、學(xué)校和酒店關(guān)閉的情況下)”可知，造成農(nóng)民食物浪費(fèi)的原因是沒有人來購買這些剩余的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段““Wehadalotofsmallproblemsinthebeginning,”Reillysaid.“Webrokeaxles(車軸),loadedin40,000poundsofpotatoesinawrongwayandhadtotrytodragthemoutbyusinganothertruckandarope.Butwemadeitwork.”(“一開始我們遇到了很多小問題，”賴?yán)f。“我們弄壞了車軸，用錯(cuò)誤的方式裝了4萬磅土豆，不得不用另一輛卡車和一根繩子把它們拖出來。但我們成功了?！?”可知，“缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)”（而導(dǎo)致犯錯(cuò)）是他們最大的困難。故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenagroupofcollegestudentsputtheirsorrowsintoaction,theyneverimaginedtheprojectwouldfuelanationwidemovementtohelpdealwithhungerandcontrolonfoodwaste.(當(dāng)一群大學(xué)生將他們的悲傷付諸行動(dòng)時(shí)，他們從未想到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目會(huì)推動(dòng)一場全國性的運(yùn)動(dòng)，幫助解決饑餓和控制食物浪費(fèi))”結(jié)合文章主要是介紹一群美國大學(xué)生推動(dòng)一場全國性的運(yùn)動(dòng)，幫助解決饑餓問題和控制食物浪費(fèi)，D“學(xué)生們采取行動(dòng)解決饑餓和食物浪費(fèi)問題”符合文意。故選D。CTariqQaiser,anarchitect,istryingtoprotectmangroves(紅樹林).ThetreescouldsavePakistan’slargestcityKarachi,sittingontheArabianSea,fromnaturaldisaster.HecomestoBundalIslandseveraltimesaweektodocumenttheillegalcuttingofmangrovetrees.Veryoften,“Youcan’thearasinglebirdbecausethechainsawsaresoloud.Thetreesarecutdownillegallyforfirewood,”hesays,shakinghishead.Besides,developersclearthemangrovestomakeroomforconstruction.Karachihasahotclimate,anditsconcretebuildingsandpavedroadsmakeitevenhotter.Offshore,thereareislandswheremangrovesgrow.Theycouldbethekeytoslowingclimatechange.Mangroveforestspullcarbondioxideoutoftheair,holdingfourtimesasmuchoftheplanet-warminggasasotherforestscan.Theysupportdiverseecosystems.Assealevelsrisewithglobalwarming,thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastalcitieslikeKarachifromflooding.Karachi’smangrovesaredisappearing.ButitsnumbersarerisinginotherpartsofPakistan.Withreplantingefforts,thecountryhastripled(三倍于)itsmangrovecoverageoverthepast30years．Qaiser’sworkmayhaveworked.Recently,acourtinKarachideclaredBundalIsland’smangrovestobeprotectedforests.Butunforestedpartsoftheislandremainunprotected,anddeveloperswanttobuildthere.Cityofficialssaythiscouldprovidemuch-neededhousingandbringinbillionsofdollars.TheyclaimthatsomeofthatmoneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan.EcologistRafiulHaqappreciatesQaiser’s“extraordinarywork”educatingthepublicaboutmangroves.ButhewishesQaiserwouldlookatthebiggerpicture.“Only7%ofPakistan’smangrovesareinKarachi,”Haqsays.Hethinksit’swrongtofocusonthelossesin7%ofthecountrywhileignoringthesuccessin93%ofit.ButQaiserbelievesit’simportanttoprotecteverybit.8.WhatdoweknowaboutKarachi’smangroves?A.Theyoccupythebuildingland. B.They’rehometovariousbirds.C.They’reprimarilybeingusedasfirewood. D.Theyprotectthecityfromclimatecatastrophe.9.Whyareeffortsmadetoconservethemangrovetrees?A.Theirbirthplacesmeetcrisis. B.Theyboasthugediversity.C.Theirbondswithnatureareclose. D.Theygrowatarapidspeed.10.WhatdoestheKarachigovernmentplantodo?A.Growmangrovesinotherareas. B.Destroybuildingstogrowmangroves.C.Buildmoremangrovereserves. D.Usemangrovestomakeprofit.11WhatdoesHaqthinkofQaiser’sworkonKarachi’smangroves?A.Challenging. B.Effective. C.Insignificant. D.Partial.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了對巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇紅樹林的保護(hù)措施。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThetreescouldsavePakistan’slargestcityKarachi,sittingontheArabianSea,fromnaturaldisaster.(這些樹木可以使位于阿拉伯海的巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇免遭自然災(zāi)害。)”可知，它們保護(hù)城市免受氣候?yàn)?zāi)難。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Offshore,thereareislandswheremangrovesgrow.Theycouldbethekeytoslowingclimatechange.Mangroveforestspullcarbondioxideoutoftheair,holdingfourtimesasmuchoftheplanet-warminggasasotherforestscan.Theysupportdiverseecosystems.Assealevelsrisewithglobalwarming,thetreescouldplayabigroleinprotectingcoastalcitieslikeKarachifromflooding.(在近海，有紅樹林生長的島嶼。它們可能是減緩氣候變化的關(guān)鍵。紅樹林從空氣中吸收二氧化碳，其吸收的溫室氣體是其他森林的四倍。它們支持不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。隨著全球變暖導(dǎo)致海平面上升，這些樹木可以在保護(hù)卡拉奇等沿海城市免受洪水侵襲方面發(fā)揮重要作用。)”由此判斷，紅樹林科院減緩氣候變化，且能吸收很多的二氧化碳，在很多方面保護(hù)著城市，故保護(hù)紅樹林是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c自然的緊密聯(lián)系。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Cityofficialssaythiscouldprovidemuch-neededhousingandbringinbillionsofdollars.TheyclaimthatsomeofthatmoneycouldbeusedtoplantmangrovesinotherpartsofPakistan.(市政府官員表示，這可以提供急需的住房，并帶來數(shù)十億美元的收入。他們聲稱，其中一些錢可以用來在巴基斯坦其他地區(qū)種植紅樹林。)”可知，政府官員會(huì)在其他的地方種植紅樹林。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Only7%ofPakistan’smangrovesareinKarachi,”Haqsays.Hethinksit’swrongtofocusonthelossesin7%ofthecountrywhileignoringthesuccessin93%ofit.ButQaiserbelievesit’simportanttoprotecteverybit.(Haq說：“巴基斯坦只有7%的紅樹林在卡拉奇。”他認(rèn)為關(guān)注全國7%的損失而忽視93％的成功是錯(cuò)誤的。但是Qaiser認(rèn)為保護(hù)每一處都很重要。)”可知，Haq認(rèn)為不能只關(guān)注到失敗的而不關(guān)注成功的方面，但Qaiser認(rèn)為就算是再小的區(qū)域都要兼顧到，因此Haq認(rèn)為Qaiser對于卡拉奇紅樹林工作成果的想法的認(rèn)識是片面的，不全面的。故選D。DIt’swell-knownthathumorcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally.Theideathatlaughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes.Inhis1905book,JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumoristhehighestofthepsyche’sdefensemechanism(機(jī)制),capableofturninganxietyintopleasure.Therearefourhumorstyles.Affiliativehumorreferstojokesaboutthingsthatmightbecommonlyconsideredfunny,whichisusuallyemployedtoimproverelationshipsormakeotherslaugh.Ifyou’veeversharedafunnypicturewithacoworker,you’veusedaffiliativehumor.Self-enhancinghumorinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult.Aggressivehumorislaughingattheexpenseofothers,whichofteninvolvessarcasm(諷刺),teasing,andcriticism.Self-defeatinghumoristheartofputtingyourselfdowntogainfavorfromyourpeers,whichispossiblyusedbysomeonewho’stargetedbybullies.Eachstyleofhumoractuallycarriesadifferentinfluence,whenitcomestomentalhealth.JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumorarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers.Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumorstylescanhintattrouble.“Wefindthatself-defeatinghumoristhemostconcerningstyleasitisalsolinkedwithlonelinessandfeelingsofnotmattering.Thosewithanaggressivehumorstylemaynotexperiencelonelinessasmuch,however,sincetheyrelyongroupdynamics(群體動(dòng)力)inordertomakefunoftheirpeers,”saysSchermer.Evenifyoutendtofavormorenegativehumorstyles,there’snoreasontoloseheart.Schermersayspeoplecandevelopapositive,self-enhancinghumorstylebyconcentratingonthelighterandmorehumorousaspectsoflife.AsauthorKurtVonnegutoncewrote,“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties.Iprefertolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward.”12.WhyisSigmundFreud’sbookmentionedinParagraph1?A.Toshowtheimportanceofmentalhealth. B.Tostresstheroleofhumor.C.Topersuadepeopletostaypositive. D.Tointroduceancientjokestous.13.Accordingtothetext,whichkindofhumormayyouusetorelievepressure?A.Affiliativehumor. B.Self-enhancinghumor.C.Aggressivehumor. D.Self-defeatinghumor.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hintat”probablymeaninthethirdparagraph?A.Signal. B.Explain. C.Prevent. D.Solve.15.WhichofthefollowingwillKurtVonnegutprobablyagreewith?A.Humorisdifficulttocontrol. B.Cryingisagoodwayofrelief.C.Humorisadouble-edgedsword. D.Laughteristhebestcureforstress.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一本書——JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious，介紹了四種不同的幽默類型?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It’swell-knownthathumorcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally.Theideathatlaughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes.Inhis1905book,JokesandTheirRelationtotheUnconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumoristhehighestofthepsyche’sdefensemechanism(機(jī)制),capableofturninganxietyintopleasure.(眾所周知，幽默對我們的身心都有好處。笑是最好的良藥這一觀點(diǎn)自古以來就存在。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德在他1905年出版的《笑話及其與無意識的關(guān)系》一書中認(rèn)為，幽默是心靈的最高防御機(jī)制，能夠?qū)⒔箲]轉(zhuǎn)化為快樂)”可知，第一段提到這本書是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)幽默的作用。故選B。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Self-enhancinghumorinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult.(自我提升的幽默包括能夠自嘲，通常是你處理壓力或困難的一種方式，結(jié)果感覺更好)”可知，用于緩解壓力的是自我提升式幽默，故選B?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumorarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers.(西安大略大學(xué)的心理學(xué)研究員JulieAitkenSchermer說，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表現(xiàn)出孤獨(dú)和與他人關(guān)系不佳的跡象)”以及“Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumorstyles”可知，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表現(xiàn)出孤獨(dú)和與他人關(guān)系不好的跡象。相比之下，攻擊性和自我挫敗的幽默風(fēng)格都可能暗示出麻煩，故劃線詞意思是“暗示”。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties.Iprefertolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward.(笑和哭都是對擔(dān)心和焦慮的反應(yīng)。我更喜歡笑，因?yàn)樾ν曛笠龅那謇砉ぷ魃倭?”可知，KurtVonnegut更喜歡笑，可得出他可能同意“笑是治療壓力的最好方法”這一觀點(diǎn)。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Humanitiesdepartments(人文院系)inAmericaareonceagainbeingcutdown.Earlierthismonth,theStateUniversityofNewYork(SUNY)StonyBrookannouncedaplantoabandonseveralofthecollege’swell-knowndepartmentsforlackoffund.TheUniversityofPittsburghhascutitsGermanandclassics.____16____IntheUK,MiddlesexUniversitydecidedtograduallygetridofphilosophydepartment.InJune2015,theJapaneseministerofeducationsentalettertothepresidentsofthenationaluniversitiesofJapan,suggestingtheyclosetheirgraduateandundergraduatedepartmentsinthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesandfocusonsomethingmorepractical.Thesearehardtimes.InsteadofShakespeareorFrench,therewillbe(perhapstherealreadyare)collegeclassesinhowtocutcorporatespending.____17____Buttheonlyopportunityhasbeenlostiftheyaredeniedtheopportunitytostudyforeignlanguages,theclassics,literature,philosophy,music,theaterandartintheuniversity.Whenelseintheirbusyliveswilltheygetthatchance?___18___.Essaysexplainwhyweneedthesesubjects,andwhattheirlosswillmean.Theseareasoflearningprovideuswiththeabilitytothinkcriticallyandindependently;toseebothsidesofanissue;tolookbeneaththesurfaceofwhatwearebeingtold;toappreciatethewaysinwhichlanguagecanhelpusunderstandoneanothermoreclearly.Idon’tbelievethatthehumanitiescanmakeyouadecentperson.___19___.Studyingphilosophyteachesusaboutthosewhohavegonebeforeus.Aforeignlanguagebringsusclosertothosewithwhomwesharetheplanet.Thehumanitiestouchthoseaspectsofawarenessthatwecallintellectandheart.____20____A.ThesesubjectsareunderattackB.StudentsneedpracticalskillstofindjobsC.DefensesofthehumanitieshaveappearedD.ThisproblemhasalsoariseninternationallyE.Therefore,coursesinthehumanitiesarebeneficialF.IthelpsuslearnhowtothinkandliveinaharmonioussocietyG.Buttheycanexpandoursenseofwhathumanscanaccomplishandcreate【答案】16.D17.B18.C19.G20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要說明了因?yàn)榻?jīng)費(fèi)不足，美國的部分大學(xué)正準(zhǔn)備削減人文學(xué)科，且這個(gè)問題在國際上也出現(xiàn)了?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Earlierthismonth,theStateUniversityofNewYork(SUNY)StonyBrookannouncedaplantoabandonseveralofthecollege’swell-knowndepartmentsforlackoffund.TheUniversityofPittsburghhascutitsGermanandclassics.(本月早些時(shí)候，紐約州立大學(xué)石溪分校(SUNY)宣布了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，由于缺乏資金，該校將放棄幾個(gè)知名院系。匹茲堡大學(xué)削減了德語和古典文學(xué)課程)”；下文“IntheUK,MiddlesexUniversitydecidedtograduallygetridofphilosophydepartment.(在英國，米德爾塞克斯大學(xué)決定逐步取消哲學(xué)系)”以及“InJune2015,theJapaneseministerofeducationsentalettertothepresidentsofthenationaluniversitiesofJapan,suggestingtheyclosetheirgraduateandundergraduatedepartmentsinthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesandfocusonsomethingmorepractical.(2015年6月，日本文部科學(xué)大臣致信日本國立大學(xué)校長，建議他們關(guān)閉人文社會(huì)科學(xué)的研究生和本科院系，專注于更實(shí)用的學(xué)科)”可知，后文提到了英國和日本都有關(guān)閉哲學(xué)和人文社會(huì)科學(xué)的舉措，說明這個(gè)問題在國際上也出現(xiàn)了。故D選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)問題在國際上也出現(xiàn)了”承上啟下，符合語境。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“InsteadofShakespeareorFrench,therewillbe(perhapstherealreadyare)collegeclassesinhowtocutcorporatespending.(大學(xué)將開設(shè)（或許已經(jīng)開設(shè)）如何削減企業(yè)開支的課程，而不是莎士比亞或法語)”可知，上文提到了將開設(shè)如何削減企業(yè)開支的課程，說明更加注重實(shí)用技能了。故B項(xiàng)“學(xué)生需要實(shí)用技能來找工作”符合語境。故選B。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Essaysexplainwhyweneedthesesubjects,andwhattheirlosswillmean.Theseareasoflearningprovideuswiththeabilitytothinkcriticallyandindependently;toseebothsidesofanissue;tolookbeneaththesurfaceofwhatwearebeingtold;toappreciatethewaysinwhichlanguagecanhelpusunderstandoneanothermoreclearly.(文章解釋了我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰@些學(xué)科，以及它們的消失意味著什么。這些領(lǐng)域的學(xué)習(xí)為我們提供了批判性和獨(dú)立思考的能力；看到一個(gè)問題的正反兩面;透過我們被告知的事情的表面看下去；欣賞語言幫助我們更清楚地相互理解的方式)”可知，本段的主旨是反對取消人文學(xué)科。C項(xiàng)“對人文學(xué)科的辯護(hù)出現(xiàn)了”引出下文，符合語境。故選C。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Idon’tbelievethatthehumanitiescanmakeyouadecentperson.(我不認(rèn)為人文學(xué)科可以讓你成為一個(gè)體面的人)”以及后文“Studyingphilosophyteachesusaboutthosewhohavegonebeforeus.(學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)能讓我們了解前人)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，進(jìn)一步說明作者對于人文學(xué)科的看法，故G項(xiàng)“但它們可以擴(kuò)展我們對人類所能完成和創(chuàng)造的東西的認(rèn)識”承上啟下，符合語境。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Studyingphilosophyteach-esusaboutthosewhohavegonebeforeus.Aforeignlanguagebringsusclosertothosewithwhomwesharetheplanet.Thehumanitiescantouchthoseaspectsofawarenessthatwecallintellectandheart.(學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)可以讓我們了解前人；學(xué)習(xí)外語使我們更接近與我們共同生活在同一星球上的人；學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科可以觸及我們稱之為智力和心靈的意識領(lǐng)域。)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科是有益的。故E項(xiàng)“因此，人文學(xué)科的課程是有益的”符合語境。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AttheschoolArtFestival,Iwasaskedtodesignthecostumesforthreeschoolplays.Everyonewas____21____toseetheactorswearmycostumesonstage.ThisexperiencehasmademerealizethatIamreallygoodat___22___andhaveatalentforfashiondesign,whichhasinspiredmeto____23____fashiondesignasmyjob.Thatway,Ican___24___workwithmyinterestsandstrengths.Tofindouthowto___25___thefieldoffashiondesign,Ididsome___26___aboutwhatkindofeducationandskillsImightneed.I____27____thatmanypremierfashiondesignersstudiedatfashiondesigninstitutesinLondon,ParisorMilan.Ialsokeepa(n)____28____onjobadsforthefashionindustrytoseewhatabilitiesor___29___designersshouldhave.Aftermuchthought,Idecidedto____30____theseskillsandgettherightqualificationsbystudyingartatuniversity.WhileIamthere,Iwouldliketoworkpart-timeforafashiondesigncompanyinorderto____31____fromotherdesigners.Actually,Idon’thavetowaituntilIgotouniversitytoswinginto____32____astherewillbeaworkshopinmycitynextmonthwhichIamhopingto____33____Aftergraduation,Iwill___34___ajobasafashiondesigner.Oneday,Ihopetostartmyown____35____company.21.A.determined B.amazed C.awkward D.expected22.A.drawing B.acting C.sculpture D.communication23.A.challenge B.admire C.pursue D.aid24.A.provide B.compare C.create D.combine25.A.getinto B.getthrough C.getover D.getfrom26.A.training B.research C.quiz D.schedule27.A.checked B.persuaded C.recognized D.forecasted28.A.head B.eye C.back D.foot29.A.flexibility B.standards C.drawbacks D.qualities30.A.apply B.demonstrate C.improve D.acquire31.A.learn B.result C.benefit D.obtain32.A.motion B.action C.position D.operation33.A.attend B.equip C.design D.organize34.A.conduct B.submit C.land D.perform35.A.accounting B.consulting C.cleaning D.clothing【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.B29.D30.D31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一次為學(xué)校設(shè)計(jì)戲劇服裝的經(jīng)歷，讓作者認(rèn)識到自己的設(shè)計(jì)天賦，并決定成為設(shè)計(jì)師的一系列的努力。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)人看到演員們在舞臺(tái)上穿著我的服裝都很驚訝。A.determined決定；B.amazed驚奇的；C.awkward尷尬的；D.expected期待的。根據(jù)后文“ThisexperiencehasmademerealizethatIamreallygoodat___2___andhaveatalentforfashiondesign,whichhasinspiredmeto____3____fashiondesignasmyjob.(這次經(jīng)歷讓我意識到我真的很擅長畫畫，而且有服裝設(shè)計(jì)的天賦，這也激勵(lì)了我把服裝設(shè)計(jì)作為自己的工作。)”可知，作者的作品很讓人驚訝。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次經(jīng)歷讓我意識到我真的很擅長畫畫，而且有服裝設(shè)計(jì)的天賦，這也激勵(lì)了我把服裝設(shè)計(jì)作為自己的工作。A.drawing畫畫；B.acting表演，演技；C.sculpture雕塑；D.communication交流。根據(jù)上文“AttheschoolArtFestival,Iwasaskedtodesignthecostumesforthreeschoolplays.Everyonewas____1____toseetheactorswearmycostumesonstage.(在學(xué)校藝術(shù)節(jié)上，我被要求為三部學(xué)校戲劇設(shè)計(jì)服裝。每個(gè)人看到演員們在舞臺(tái)上穿著我的服裝都很驚訝。)”可知，作者為演員設(shè)計(jì)的服裝讓自己意識到自己很有畫畫的天賦。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這次經(jīng)歷讓我意識到我真的很擅長畫畫，而且有服裝設(shè)計(jì)的天賦，這也激勵(lì)了我把服裝設(shè)計(jì)作為自己的工作。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.admire羨慕；C.pursue追求；D.aid救援。根據(jù)本句“ThisexperiencehasmademerealizethatIamreallygoodat___2___andhaveatalentforfashiondesign,(這次經(jīng)歷讓我意識到我真的很擅長畫畫，而且有服裝設(shè)計(jì)的天賦，這也激勵(lì)了我把服裝設(shè)計(jì)作為自己的工作。)”可知，這次經(jīng)歷讓作者意識到自己有畫畫的天賦，也激勵(lì)作者把服裝設(shè)計(jì)作為自己的工作。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣，我就能把工作與我的興趣和長處結(jié)合起來。A.provide提供；B.compare比較；C.create創(chuàng)造；D.combine結(jié)合。根據(jù)本句“ThisexperiencehasmademerealizethatIamreallygoodat___2___andhaveatalentforfashiondesign,(這次經(jīng)歷讓我意識到我真的很擅長畫畫，而且有服裝設(shè)計(jì)的天賦，這也激勵(lì)了我把服裝設(shè)計(jì)作為自己的工作。)”可知，作者把服裝設(shè)計(jì)作為自己的工作是把自己的興趣和長處結(jié)合起來。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：為了弄清楚如何進(jìn)入時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域，我做了一些關(guān)于我可能需要什么樣的教育和技能的研究。A.getinto進(jìn)入；B.getthrough通過；C.getover克服；D.getfrom擺脫。根據(jù)本句“Ididsome___6___aboutwhatkindofeducationandskillsImightneed.(我做了一些關(guān)于我可能需要什么樣的教育和技能的研究)”可知，作者是為了弄清楚如何進(jìn)入時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域，所以做了一