統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)板塊1詞形的變換第1講名詞和數(shù)詞教師用書教案新人教版

PAGE第1講名詞和數(shù)詞[前沿最新動(dòng)態(tài)]題型高考典題試做命題角度解讀語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(澆灌)theirfields.2．(2024·1月·浙江卷)ForJapan，thenumbers(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050．3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause)．4．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitations(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.1．給出名詞的單數(shù)形式，考查其復(fù)數(shù)形式；2．給出數(shù)詞的基數(shù)詞，考查其序數(shù)詞。短文改錯(cuò)1．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.chopstick→chopsticks2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.vacations→vacation3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle,Friday'snightwasourfamilygamenight.Friday's→Friday4．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.eighteen→eighteenth1．可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)用；2．可數(shù)名詞與不行數(shù)名詞的誤用；3．名詞與名詞全部格的誤用；4．序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞的誤用。考點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·綿陽(yáng)聯(lián)考)Thepaperwasusedforsealingupholesinwallsandroofs(roof)inthecoldandfreezingwinter.2．Thepianos(piano)intheothershopwillbecheaper，buttheyarenotasgood.3．Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves(wolf)wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.4．Ispenttenminuteswalkingupanddownthehighstreet,desperatelyavoidingeyecontactwithpassers-by(passer-by)．5．Ananthastwostomachs(stomach).Oneholdsthefoodforitselfandtheotherisforfoodtobegiventootherants.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)6．(2024·太原階段測(cè)評(píng))ItisoneoftheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedNationstodevelopmoreeffectivecommunication.language→languages7．(2024·合肥第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Myfavouritesportisswimming,soIdecidedtogoswimmingintheseaoneafternoonwithmyfriend,WangFeiandLiLei.friend→friends[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則改變改變規(guī)則例詞一般狀況加-smap→maps；girl→girls；house→houses；mouth→mouths以-th結(jié)尾的詞，加-smonth→months；truth→truths以-s，-x，-sh，-ch結(jié)尾的，加-esclass→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches但是stomach(胃)的復(fù)數(shù)是stomachs；ox(公牛)的復(fù)數(shù)是oxen“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i加-escity→cities；country→countries；party→parties；factory→factories留意：以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的則干脆加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys以“輔音字母＋o”結(jié)尾的詞一般加-estomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes；Negro→Negroes；mango→mangoes留意：1．少數(shù)名詞加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s2．少數(shù)名詞只加s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos以“元音字母＋o”結(jié)尾的詞，加-sradio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos以-f，-fe結(jié)尾的詞，通常變f或fe為v，再加-eshalf→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives；life→lives；knife→knives但是也有的干脆加-s，如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs還有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式的，如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，假如沒(méi)有主體名詞，則將最終一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)son-in-law→sons-in-lawpasser-by→passers-bystory-teller→story-tellersgo-between→go-betweensgrown-up→grown-ups二、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則改變改變狀況例詞特別改變child→children；foot→feet；tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；man→men；woman→women留意：由man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen；但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有不同的拼法方法細(xì)菌bacterium(單數(shù))→bacteria(復(fù)數(shù))；資料、數(shù)據(jù)datum(單數(shù))→data(復(fù)數(shù))；現(xiàn)象phenomenon(單數(shù))→phenomena(復(fù)數(shù))考點(diǎn)二名詞的全部格[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)Inaddition,thehostess'(hostess)cookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.2．Thearticleconcludesthatparents'(parents)educationaffectstheirchildren'sfuture.3．“Today's(today)storyisaboutthesuccessofapoorchild，”theteachersaid.4．We'dbetterstayinahotelthatisjustastone's(stone)throwfromtherailwaystationforthesakeofconvenience.5．Studiesshowthatachild's(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis/herhomeenvironment.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)6．(2024·福州質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Butwithmyteammatesencouragement,Iwasabletocommunicatesmoothlywiththem.teammates→teammates'7．Myfathernewbook,whichistobepublishednextweek,issuretobeanotherhit.father→father's8．Ideletedanafternoonworkonthecomputerbymistake,whichmademeannoyed.afternoon→afternoon's[要點(diǎn)解讀]名詞的全部格1．有生命的名詞，其全部格一般在名詞后加-'s。hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板2．表示時(shí)間、城市、地域、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無(wú)生命的事物后也可加-'s，表示其全部格。today'spaper今日的報(bào)紙England'sshore英國(guó)的海岸thecar'sdesign這輛車的設(shè)計(jì)3．在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中，也須要加-'s全部格。astone'sthrow近在咫尺keepsb.atarm'slength與某人保持距離；不親近某人beatone'swits'end黔驢技窮4．假如一樣?xùn)|西為兩個(gè)人共有，則只在后一個(gè)名詞后加-'s，假如不是共有的則兩個(gè)名詞后都要加-'s。JaneandMary'smother簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗的媽媽(共有，示意簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗是姐妹關(guān)系)Jane'sandMary'smothers簡(jiǎn)的媽媽和瑪麗的媽媽(不是共有，分別指兩位媽媽)5．雙重全部格：“a/two/some...＋名詞＋of＋名詞's/名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重全部格，“of＋名詞全部格”中的名詞必需表示人，不能表示事物。afriendofhermother's她媽媽的一個(gè)摯友twophotosofhers她的兩張照片考點(diǎn)三數(shù)詞——基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·棗莊模擬)Itscelebrationshappenedasearlyasthefifth(five)century.2．Theelevatorbrokedownandwehadtowalkuptothetenth(ten)floor.3．Saturnisthesecond(two)biggestplanetinthesolarsystem.4．Eachyear,hundreds(hundred)oftheanimalsarekilledfortheirfur.5．I'mafrequenttravellerandIeatouttwice(two)aday.6．Ithasbeensnowing,roughlyeverythird(three)day,foraslongasI'vehadtheflu.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)7．Inthetwentycentury，localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionals.twenty→twentieth8．Today,expertsbelievethatnearlytwo-thirdoftheworld'spopulationlivewithineightykilometersoftheseacoast.two-third→two-thirds9．Somemenareoldatsixty-five;othersarestillaslivelyascricketsintheirninety.ninety→nineties[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞1．表數(shù)量的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞，如one,two,three，...2．表依次的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞，如first,second,third,fourth,fifth，...二、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的規(guī)則1．一二三要單獨(dú)記：one→first,two→second,three→third2．th要從四加起：four→fourth,five→fifth，...3．eight少個(gè)t：eight→eighth4．nine刪除e：nine→ninth5．ve用f來(lái)代替：five→fifth,twelve→twelfth6．ty變成tie：twenty→twentieth三、序數(shù)詞的運(yùn)用1．序數(shù)詞在句中主要作定語(yǔ)，一般狀況下序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞。Mondayistheseconddayofaweek.星期一是一周的其次天。2．序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)加不定冠詞，表示“又一、再一”，相當(dāng)于another。Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea?你還想再來(lái)一杯茶嗎？Ihadathirdapple.我(吃了兩個(gè)蘋果后)又吃了一個(gè)蘋果。3．first,second等有時(shí)可表示一批人或物。ThefirstmiludeercamefromChinainthe1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世紀(jì)六十年頭從中國(guó)引進(jìn)的。四、分?jǐn)?shù)：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞；分子大于1，分母用復(fù)數(shù)。1/3:onethird，2/5:twofifthsⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thehotelhasbeenorderedtoclosebecauseitisoverrunby________(mouse)andrats.mice[依據(jù)后面的rats可知，空白處要填入mouse的復(fù)數(shù)形式mice。]2．Thesystemreflectstheseasonalcharacteristicsofannualnatural________(phenomenon)andfarmingactivities.phenomena[依據(jù)后面的activities可知，空白處要填入phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式phenomena。]3．Policewerereportedtohaveseizedall________(copy)ofthismorning'seditionofthenewspaper.copies[依據(jù)句意可知，空白處要填入copy的復(fù)數(shù)形式copies。]4．Herehesat,withhispipebetweenhis________(tooth)andbothhandsrestingonhisknees.teeth[依據(jù)句意可知，空白處要填入tooth的復(fù)數(shù)形式teeth。]5．Barbershopshavebeenopenedinmostbighotelsinforeigncountries；guestscangotothe________(barber)tohaveahaircutdirectly.barber's[句意：國(guó)外大部分大的酒店都有理發(fā)店，客人可以干脆去那里理發(fā)。thebarber's指“理發(fā)店”，故填barber's。]6．It'saboutan________(hour)drivefromourschooltothecitycenter,butittakesmoretimeattheweekend.hour's[一個(gè)小時(shí)的車程“anhour'sdrive”。]7．Onhis________(twelve)birthday,Philipdecidedtogiveupeatingmeat.“Idon'tthinkit'srighttoeatanimals，”hesaid.twelfth[考查序數(shù)詞。第十二個(gè)生日“twelfthbirthday”。]8．Nextseasonwillbemy________(nine)inLiverpoolandIstillhaveoneyearleftonmycurrentcontract.ninth[考查序數(shù)詞。我的第9賽季“myninth(season)”。]9．Ifaregularbuscanholddozensofpeople,imaginewhatabus________(two)thesizecanhold!twice[考查數(shù)詞。“想象一下兩倍于它大小的一輛公交車能容納多少人！”表兩倍大為twicethesize。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.________player→players[全部的足球隊(duì)員，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)players。]2．Sunlightpassesthroughtheatmosphereandthenreflectsofftheearthsurfaceintheformofheat.________earth→earth's[地球的表面“theearth'ssurface”。]3．Afteramomenthesitation,theyoungmanreachedouthishandtogreetthestranger.________moment→moment's[一會(huì)兒的遲疑“amoment'shesitation”。]4．LastwinterIwenttoZhangjiakou，whereIhadlotsoffunsskiingintherockymountains.________funs→fun[fun是不行數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。]5．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Then，whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachersomuch.________five→fifth[五年級(jí)“thefifthgrade”。]6．ItcostsMr.Blackfivethousandsdollarsayeartomaintainthishouse.________thousands→thousand[thousand表示詳細(xì)數(shù)字時(shí)，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空Lastweek,insupportofthebattleagainstCOVID-19(新冠肺炎)inWuhan,myclassmatesandIstartedacampaignnamed“LuckyMoneyPlan”，1．________turnedouttobeworthwhileand2．________(benefit).LearningthattheprotectiveequipmentwasbadlyneededfromTV,Iwasdeterminedtotake3．________(measure)todealwiththisworryingsituation.Aftercarefulconsideration,agoodideahitmethatIcouldraisesomemoney4．________(buy)medicalsuppliesforWuhan.Withoutdelay,Ipostedmyadvocating(支持)letterontheschoolwebsite，5．________(call)onallmyfellowstotakeanactivepartinit.Much6．________mysurprise,allofthemshowedgreatinterestanddonatedalltheirluckymoney.IorderedalotofmedicalnecessitiesontheInternet,andtheseitems7．________(deliver)toWuhandirectly.Afewdayslater,Ireceivedatelephonecallfromthehospital.Thedoctorspokehighlyof8．________wehaddone,sayingour9．________(kind)andoursupportstrengthenedtheirdeterminationtowipeoutthevirus.Hearingthesewords,Ifelt10．________(extreme)excitedandproud.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者為了支持武漢抗擊新冠肺炎，和同學(xué)們開(kāi)展了“壓歲錢安排”活動(dòng)，用籌集的壓歲錢購(gòu)買醫(yī)療必需品運(yùn)往武漢。作者為自己的所作所為感到驕傲。1．which[考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主干是myclassmatesandIstartedacampaign，句中包含非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是LuckyMoneyPlan，指物，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。]2．beneficial[考查形容詞。和and前的worthwhile并列，在句中作表語(yǔ)用形容詞，故填beneficial。]3．measures[考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。measure表示“措施”時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，“實(shí)行措施”是takemeasures，故填measures。]4．tobuy[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。]5．calling[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞posted，此處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中主語(yǔ)I和動(dòng)詞call是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填calling。]6．to[考查介詞。表示“令某人驚訝的是”是固定短語(yǔ)toone'ssurprise，故填to。]7．weredelivered[考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。依據(jù)Lastweek和全文時(shí)態(tài)可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，句中主語(yǔ)theseitems和動(dòng)詞deliver是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，與主語(yǔ)一樣，故填weredelivered。]8．what[考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：醫(yī)生高度贊揚(yáng)了我們所做的事?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，用what引導(dǎo)，故填what。]9．kindness[考查名詞。此處作say的賓語(yǔ)，且由our修飾用名詞。故填kindness。]10．extremely[考查副詞。此處表示“特別興奮”，修飾形容詞excited和proud用副詞，故填extremely。]Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)(2024·廣西柳州市高三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)摸底考試)Tenyearsago,myhometownisasmallandpoorcitywithfewfactories.Andthecitizenshadfewchoiceontran