2024年中考英語語法考點(diǎn)突破訓(xùn)練動(dòng)詞含解析

動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞及其分類分類動(dòng)詞主要功能是充當(dāng)謂語，用來表示主語做什么（即行為動(dòng)詞），或表示主語是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的詞，例如：

Theboyrunsfast.（這個(gè)男孩跑得快。）runs表示主語的行為

Heisaboy.（他是個(gè)男孩。）is與后面的表語aboy表示主語的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞+表語情態(tài)動(dòng)+動(dòng)詞原形助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語充當(dāng)謂語考點(diǎn)二、系動(dòng)詞的用法連系動(dòng)詞是表示主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不完整，所以不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必需跟表語一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。連系動(dòng)詞可詳細(xì)分為三類：

1、表示“是”的動(dòng)詞be。它在不同的主語后面和不同的時(shí)態(tài)中有不同的形式。如：Hewasasoldiertwoyearsago.（兩年前他是個(gè)士兵。）

WeareChinese.（我們是中國人。）

2、表示“變”、“變成”的意思的詞，如become,get,grow,turn,

都說明為“變”、“變得”，例如：

Shebecameacollegestudent.（她成了一名高校生。）

Hefeelssick.Hisfaceturnswhite.（他感到不舒適，他的臉色變蒼白了。）

3、表示“感覺”的詞，如look（看起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來）等，例如：

Thestorysoundsinteresting.（這個(gè)故事聽起來很好玩。）

Theflowerssmellsweet.（這些花聞起來很香。）系動(dòng)詞be系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞“保持”“改變”感官動(dòng)詞be+adv.+adj“如何是”become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feel常接形容詞作表語主謂一樣考點(diǎn)三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法這類詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說話人的實(shí)力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如“可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。這類動(dòng)詞有can,may,must,need,dare,could,might等。它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的改變，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必需與行為動(dòng)詞（原形）一起作謂語，表示完整的意思。構(gòu)成疑問句時(shí)，通常放在主語前面；構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，not放在這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后?？捎盟鼈兊目s寫形式（can’t,cannot,mustn’t等）。例如：

Icandance.（我會跳舞。）can,

能,

會

Hecan’twalkbecauseheisababy.（因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)嬰兒，不會走路。）can’t,

不必

MayIcomein？（我可以進(jìn)來嗎？）may,

可以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意思答語表示推想may答語:確定Certainly./Sure./Yes,youcan.否定Sorry,butyoucan’t/mustn’t“確定”must“必需”MustI…？Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.“不得不”DoIhaveto..?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.“須要”實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：notneedtodosth.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：needn’tdosth.Wouldyouliketodo?答語“I’dliketo”“I’dliketo,but....”hadbetter“最好(不)做某事”You’dbetterdo…/You’dbetternotdo…“可能”may,might,could“不行能”can’t考點(diǎn)四、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞狹義概念：助動(dòng)詞狹義概念：“贈(zèng)送的”擴(kuò)展概念：“自帶的”do,does,did凡謂語由兩部分構(gòu)成之前者句型操作及答語實(shí)義動(dòng)詞身份助動(dòng)詞身份/強(qiáng)調(diào)功能考點(diǎn)五、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)名稱被動(dòng)：be+done及物動(dòng)詞必需跟賓語不及物動(dòng)詞不直跟賓語謂動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)★過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)★過去完成時(shí)do/doesdidbe+doingwas/were+doingwill+dowould+dohave/has+donehad+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞選項(xiàng)有無被動(dòng)只需考慮時(shí)態(tài)該而不:感官發(fā)生實(shí)現(xiàn)出版使役動(dòng)詞正常不帶to被動(dòng)則帶意思須要時(shí)間標(biāo)記意思平常常常做某次過去做現(xiàn)在正在做過去正在做現(xiàn)在將要做過去將要做到現(xiàn)在已做到過去已做考點(diǎn)六、動(dòng)詞詞形改變動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)謂語的同時(shí)，隨著時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)的改變，也有自己的特有改變。動(dòng)詞詞形改變動(dòng)詞詞形改變第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞+ss,x,sh,ch,o+es輔+y→i+es不規(guī)則+ing去e+ing雙寫+ing+ed輔+y→i+ed雙寫+ed不規(guī)則輔元輔，且重讀，不忘雙寫尾字母（除組合外）過去式、過去分詞ie→y+ing過去式、過去分詞ie→y+ing考點(diǎn)七、非謂語動(dòng)詞及其應(yīng)用。非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語被視為單數(shù)作主語被視為單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done不定式todo作主語常被形式主語it代替作主語作主語常被形式主語it代替作主語havesth.done使被判定:后有謂動(dòng)bedoing“正在做”作表語be+todo“是做”作賓語bedoing“正在做”作表語be+todo“是做”作賓語bedone“被做”被形式賓語it代替作賓語被形式賓語it代替作賓語省to或不省作賓補(bǔ)省to或不省作賓補(bǔ)要后置，省介否要后置，省介否作定語作定語表目的，緣由作狀語表目的，緣由作狀語賓從省略式賓從省略式疑問詞+todo疑問詞+todo一、選擇填空1.There__lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.were2.You____eatthesoupifyoudon’tlikeit.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t3.Thissentence_______right.Pleasewriteitdown.A.feelsB.soundsC.tastesD.smells4.Mysisterwantsanewdress.She_________ittotheparty.A.wearsB.haswornC.woreD.isgoingtowear5.Ididn’thearyoubecauseI________thenewsontheradio.A.listentoB.amlisteningtoC.listenedtoD.waslisteningto6.I_______myhomework,IguessIcan’tjoinyou.A.don’tfinishB.didn’tfinishC.haven’tfinishedD.won’tfinish7.-Whoseisthepencilbox?-It________beTom’s.Lookathisnameonthecover!A.can B.may C.must D.need8.________abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.A.Tofind B.Find C.Towrite D.Write9.Theclothingstore________asale.Theclothesthereareverycheap.A.has B.had C.ishaving D.washaving10.MissZhang,themostbeautifulteacher,________manyflowersthesedays.A.received B.willreceive C.wasreceiving D.hasreceived11.Yoursweaterlookssmart.Where________you________it?A.do,get B.did,get C.will,get D.have,got12.Weoftenhearherafterclass.A.singB.tosingC.sings D.sang13.—Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?—Yes,you______.A.must B.can C.may D.need14.I’dlikeyou______forapicnicwithus.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went15.HongKong___________tobeagoodplaceforeatingtoday.A.knows B.knew C.isknownD.wasknown用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Nancyoftengoes______(swim)withherfriendsinsummer2.Iwant______(go)totheshop.

3.Thelittlegirllikes________(play)basketball.She______(play)ontheplaygroundnow.

4.Theteacher_______(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.

5.Let's_________(speak)English.

6.-_______theman________(open)thewindow?

-No,heisn't.Heis__________(close)thewindow.

7.I_________(lend)hersomeCDsthedaybeforeyesterday。

8.I'msorry___________(wake)youup.

9.Wouldyouplease___________(notplay)withthechalk?

10.You'dbetter________________(pass)thisbooktoher.

三、依據(jù)所給漢語或首字母提示寫出下列句中所缺的名詞1Look!Alittlegirl_______(游泳)intheriver(河).2.Idon'thaveanypens.Ithinkshe______(有)some.3.Don't_______(讀)yourbooks.Please________(聽)tomenow.4.Canyouhelpme_________(搬運(yùn))thebox?

5.CanI_________(借)yourbike?

6.Doyoulike________(看電視)?7.Myparentsarebusy_________(為……做打算)thevisitors.8.Ithinkyou'dbetternot________(出去)aloneatnight.9.Doyoumindmy_____(聽音樂)?---Nevermind.10.Iamafraidof_____(游泳),butTomoften_______(教)me_____(游泳).11.Whatabout________(坐)here?OK,letme_________(坐)here.12.Tomorrow________(是)mybirthday.Iwant_______(實(shí)行)abirthdayparty.Wouldyou________(來)tomyparty?13.Hemustn't__________(停放)hiscarhere.___________(看)atthesign"NOparking.14.Youneed_________(穿戴)warmclothesinwinter.15.Who________(教)youEnglishlastterm?四、詞語運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。say,do,work,believe,may,watch,see,be,think,eatCananimalsbemadetoworkforus?Somescientists__1__thatonedayanimals__2__betaughttodoanumberofsimplejobs.They__3__thatinafilmoronTVwemay__4__elephants,monkeys,dogs,bears,orotheranimalsdoingalotofthings.Ifyou__5__carefully,youmayfindthatthoseanimalsaregivensomethingtoeatinreturnfor__6__them.Thescientistssaythatmanydifferentanimalsmaybetaughttodoanumberofsimplejobsiftheywillgetsomething__7__.

Ofcourse,asweknow,dogscanbeusedtoguardahouse,andelephantscanbeusedtodosomeheavyjobs.Andwecanalsoteachanimals__8__infactories.Apes,forexamplehave__9__usedinAmericatohelpmakecarsandscientists___10__thatthesemonkeysmayonedaygetincropsandevendrivetrains.

五、完形填空Mrs.Greenlivesinthecountry,andshe___1__knowLondonverywell.Oneday,shegoestoLondon,butshe2findherway.Justthen,she3amannearthebusstop.“Icanaskhimtheway.”she4.Thenshegoesovertothemanandasks，“Excuseme,willyoupleaseButthemandoesn’tsayanything.He6Cuba.Hedoesn’t7English.HecomestoLondonfora8.Hetakesoutabookand9somethingonit.Thenhe10ittoMrs.Green,“Sorry,Ican’tspeakEnglish.”()1.A.does B.doesn’t C.do D.don’t()2.A.may B.maynot C.can’t D.can()3.A.looksat B.watches C.sees D.looks()4.A.thinks B.tothink C.is