人教版高中英語必修一選修文翻譯中英文對照

精選資料PAGE可修改編輯—－可編輯修改，可打印——別找了你想要的都有！精品教育資料——全冊教案，，試卷，教學(xué)課件，教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)等一站式服務(wù)——全力滿足教學(xué)需求，真實(shí)規(guī)劃教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)最新全面教學(xué)資源，打造完美教學(xué)模式必修1第一單元ANNE’SBESTFRIENDDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.安妮最好的朋友你想不想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友？或者你會不會擔(dān)心你的朋友會嘲笑你，會不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，所以她把的日記視為自己最好的朋友。AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarII.HerfamilywasJewishsoshehadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheandherfamilyhiddenawayfortwoyearsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.”NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，安妮住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來，否則就會被德國的納粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25個(gè)月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在那段時(shí)期，她的日記成了她唯一忠實(shí)的朋友。她說：“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把我的日記當(dāng)作自己的朋友，我把我的這個(gè)朋友叫做基蒂?！爆F(xiàn)在，來看看安妮自1942年7月起躲進(jìn)藏身處后的那種心情吧。Thursday15,June,1944Dearkitty,Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That’schangedsinceIwashere.Forexample,whenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpastelevenoneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.Anothertimesomemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsoneeveningwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn’tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface…Sadly…Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours,Anne1944年6月15日，星期四親愛的基蒂：我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲姨脽o法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里之后，這一切都變了。比如說，有一天晚上天氣很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11點(diǎn)半都不睡覺，為的就是能獨(dú)自好好地看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮?，我都不敢打開窗戶。還有一次，就在五個(gè)月以前的一個(gè)晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的，我一直呆到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓去。漆黑的雨夜，刮著大風(fēng)，電閃雷鳴，烏云滾滾，我完全被這種景象鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹的夜晚……不幸的是……我只能透過那滿是灰塵的窗簾下那臟兮兮的窗戶看看大自然。只能隔著窗戶看那大自然實(shí)在沒意思，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇切枰嬲w驗(yàn)的東西。你的安妮Readingandlistening讀與聽1)ReadtheletterthatLisawrotetoMissWangofRadioforTeenagersandpredictwhatMissWangwillsay.Afterlistening,checkanddiscussheradvice.DearMissWang,Iamhavingsometroublewithmyclassmatesatthemoment.I’mgettingalongwellwithaboyinmyclass.Weoftendohomeworktogetherandweenjoyhelpingeachother.Wehavebecomereallygoodfriends.Butotherstudentshavestartedgossiping.TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove.Thishasmademeangry.Idon’twanttoendthefriendship,butIhateothersgossiping.WhatshouldIdo?Yours,Lisa1讀讀琳達(dá)為青少年寫給電臺王小組的這封信，然后王小姐可能會怎么說。聽完錄音之后，核對并討論她的建議。親愛的王小姐：現(xiàn)在我同班上的同學(xué)有些麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處的很好。我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂意互相幫助。我們成了真正好朋友?？墒牵渌瑢W(xué)卻在背后議論起來，他們說我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是，我又討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢？你的莉薩ReadingandwritingMissWanghasreceivedaletterfromXiaodong.Heisalsoaskingforsomeadvice.ReadtheletterontherightcarefullyandhelpMissWanganswerit.王小姐收到小冬的一封來信。小冬是要征求一些意見。仔細(xì)閱讀右邊的信，然后幫王小姐回復(fù)。DearMissWang,I’mastudentfromHuzhouYours,Xiaodong親愛的王小姐：我是湖州高中的一名學(xué)生，我有一個(gè)難題，我不大善于與人們交際。雖然我試著和班上的同學(xué)交談，但是，我還是很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時(shí)候我感到十分的孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。你的小東2Decidewhicharethebestideasandputthemintoanorder.Thenwritedownyouradviceandexplainhowitwillhelp.Eachideacanmakeoneparagraph.ThefollowingsampleandtheexpressionsmayhelpyouDearXiaodong,I’msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasytochangeifyoufollowmyadvice.Herearesometipstohelpyou.First,whynot…?Ifyoudothis,…Secondly,youcould/can…Then/Thatway,…Thirdly,itwouldbeagoodideaif…Bydoingthis,…Ihopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.YoursMissWang2決定哪些是最好并把它們按順序組織起來。然后把你的建議寫出來，并解釋它為什么會有所幫助。每個(gè)想法可以自成一個(gè)段落。下面的例子和表達(dá)可能對你有所幫助。親愛的小冬：很遺憾聽說你在交朋友的過程中遇到了困難。但是，如果你聽聽我的建議，這種情況是很容易改變的。這些建議會對你有所幫助。第一，為什么不……呢？如果你這樣做……第二，你可以……這樣的話……第三，如果……那將是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。通過做……我希望你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些想法對你有所幫助。你的王小姐LEARNINGTIP學(xué)習(xí)建議It’sagoodhabitforyoutokeepadiary.Itcanhelpyourememberpastevents.Youcanexpressyourfeelingsandthoughtsinit.ItwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglishifyouwriteyourdiaryinEnglish.Whynothaveatry?寫日記對你來說是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。它可以幫你記住一些過去發(fā)生的事件。你還可以在日記中表達(dá)你的情感和思想。如果你用英語寫日記的話，還可以幫助你提高英語水平。為什么不試一試呢？第二單元ReadingTHEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondorforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.通向現(xiàn)代英語之路在16世紀(jì)末，大約有五至七百萬人講英語。幾乎所有這些講英語的人都住在英格蘭。在其后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，結(jié)果世界的其他地方的人們也開始說英語了。今天，把英語作為自己的第一語言、第二語言或外語來使用的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多。NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes,I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語，他們也能彼此聽懂。請看看這個(gè)例子：英國人貝蒂：來看看我的公寓嗎？美國人艾米：好的，我來看看你的公寓吧。SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokenfirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.那么，隨著時(shí)間的推移英語為什么發(fā)生了變化呢？實(shí)際上，當(dāng)不同文化相互交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語言都會有所發(fā)展和變化。開始，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，不像我們現(xiàn)在說的英語。后來，大約在公元800年至1150年之間，英語慢慢變得不那么像德語，因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)治英格蘭的那些人開始是說丹麥語，后來說法語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是豐富了英語詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)初的時(shí)候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時(shí)候都豐富的詞匯。1620年一些英國定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，一些英國人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語也就開始在這兩個(gè)國家使用。Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.最后到19世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，英語這種語言就變得穩(wěn)定了。當(dāng)時(shí)，英語的拼寫發(fā)生了兩個(gè)很大的變化：先是塞繆爾·約翰遜編寫了他的英語詞典，后是諾亞·韋伯斯特出版了《美國英語詞典》。后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.現(xiàn)在英語在南亞地區(qū)也被作為外語或第二語言使用。比如，印度就有很多人說英語說得很流利，因?yàn)樵?765年到1947年之間英國統(tǒng)治著印度。在此期間，英語成了印度政府和教育所用的語言。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現(xiàn)在也說英語。當(dāng)今，在中國學(xué)英語的人數(shù)正在快速增加，事實(shí)上，中國可能是學(xué)英語人數(shù)最多的國家。中國式英語是否也能發(fā)展成一種具有自己獨(dú)特個(gè)性的語言？這還有待時(shí)間去證明。STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTSWhatisstandardEnglish?IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentform“standardlanguage”,itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallythemidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.SomepeoplewholiveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedformoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother’sdialects.什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語？是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說的英語就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會聽出人們在說話時(shí)的差異。當(dāng)人們使用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言”的詞語和表達(dá)時(shí)，那就叫做方言。美國英語有許多方言，特別是中西部地區(qū)和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及美國黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美國有些地區(qū)，兩個(gè)相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的人所說的方言也可能稍有不同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹耸莵碜允澜绺鞯氐木壒省５乩砦恢脤Ψ窖缘男纬梢灿兴绊?。住在美國東部山區(qū)的一些人說著比較古老的英語方言。當(dāng)美國人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國東南部山區(qū)的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國是一個(gè)大國，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。雖然許多美國人經(jīng)常搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e和理解彼此的方言。Readingandspeaking讀與說1AmyandherAmericanfriendsarevisitingLondon.TheyplantovisitAmy’sauntanddecidetogotherebyunderground,butcannotfindthenearestundergroundstation.Sosheasksdirectionsandthentellsherfriends.Readthedialogueandcirclethewordsthatmeanthesame.1艾米和她的美國朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計(jì)劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽，并決定乘地鐵去，但是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問問了路，然后告訴她的朋友。讀對話，然后圈出意思相同的詞。AMY:Excuseme,Ma’ma.Couldyoutellmewherethenearestsubwaysis?LADY:Er...theunderground?Well,goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside,straightonandcrosstwostreets.It’llbeonyourright-handside.AMY:Thankssomuch.FRIENDS:Whatdidshesay,Amy?AMY:Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwoblocks.Thesubwaywillbeonourright.艾米：對不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？夫人：呃……地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。艾米：多謝了。朋友：艾米，她說什么？艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊?！疽馑枷嗤脑~】subway←→underground（地鐵）right-handside←→right（右邊）street←→block街道，街區(qū)第三單元TraveljournalJOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONGPART1THEDREAMANDTHEPLANMynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege.wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,"Wherearewegoing?"ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireIamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereallystubborn.Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.Now,Iknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,"Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?"Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourse,shehadn't;mysisterdoesn'tcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvinceSeveralmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.FromtheatlaswecouldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain.Atfirsttheriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenitbeginstomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthehighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide，brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheastAsia沿湄公河而下的旅行第一部分夢想與計(jì)劃我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛價(jià)錢昂貴的山地自行車，然后她還說服我也買了一輛。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟—在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀偉和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長大，湄公河在中國境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄江，流經(jīng)其他國家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對騎車旅行產(chǎn)生了興趣。到大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們終于有了作一次騎車旅行的機(jī)會。我問姐姐：“我們要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅行的是我的姐姐?，F(xiàn)在，她正為這次旅行制訂計(jì)劃。我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)，她有時(shí)確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她對到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要把這次旅行安排的盡善盡美?，F(xiàn)在我知道了這個(gè)盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我老是問她：“我們什么時(shí)候動身？什么時(shí)候回來？”我問她是否已經(jīng)看過地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒有看過，我的姐姐是不會考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是我告訴她湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神—這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。當(dāng)我告訴她我們的旅行將從5000多米的的高地出發(fā)時(shí)，她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會很困難，而且天氣會很冷時(shí)，她卻說這將是一次很有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，就什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。在我們旅行前的幾個(gè)月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到了一本大型的地圖冊，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動。它穿過深谷時(shí)就變成了急流。流經(jīng)云南西部。有時(shí)，這條河形成瀑布進(jìn)入寬闊的峽谷。我們驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國，流出高地后，湄公河就變寬，變暖了。河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后，流速減慢，河水變寬慢慢地穿過低谷，到了長著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國南海。ReadinganddiscussingJOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONGPART2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINSAlthoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.Haveyoueverseensnowmenridebicycles?That'swhatwelookedlike!Alongthewaychildrendressedinlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.Inthelateafternoonwefounditwassocoldthatourwaterbottlesfroze.However,thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.SheisveryreliableandIknewIdidn'tneedtoencourageher.Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswelookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.Weseemedtobeabletoseeformiles.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.Thenwebegangoingdownthehills.Itwasgreatfunespeciallyasitgraduallybecamemuchwarmer.Inthevalleyscolorfulbutterfliesflewaroundusandwesawmanyyaksandsheepeatinggreengrass.Atthispointwehadtochangeourcaps,coats,glovesandtrousersforT-shirtsandshorts.Intheearlyeveningwealwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtentandthenweeat.AftersupperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosleepbutIstayedawake.Atmidnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter.Itwassoquiet.Therewasalmostnowind-onlytheflamesofourfireforcompany.AsIlaybeneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfarwehadalreadytravelled.WewillreachDaliinYunnanProvincesoon,whereourcousinsDaoWeiandYuHangwilljoinus.Unit4EarthquakesANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdir.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionoigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.peoplebegabtowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybutrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.OfficeoftheCityGovernmentTangshanChinaJuly5,2007Dear____,Congratulations!WearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeveryproudofyou!Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.Theparkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.OurofficewouldliketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvistorsonJuly28at11:00am.Asyouknow,thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty-____yearsago.Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspecialday.Sincerely,ZhangShaUnit5ELIAS’STORYMynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.HetoldmyhowtogetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopefulaboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid:“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.”Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelsonMandelasaid:“…wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportantorfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed…onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.Asamatteroffact,Idonotlikeviolence…butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeputinprison.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.THERESTOFELIAS'STORYYoucannotimaginehowthenameofRobbenWhenIfinishedthefouryearsinprison,Iwenttofindajob.SinceIwasbettereducated,Igotajobworkinginanoffice.However,thepolicefoundoutandtoldmybossthatIhadbeeninprinsonforblowingupgovernmentbuildings.SoIlostmyjob.IdidnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMrMandelaandtheANCcametopowerin1994.Allthattimemywifeandchildrenhadtobegforgoodandhelpfromrelativesorfriends.LuckilyMrMandelarememberedmeandgavemeajobtakingtouristsaroundmyoldprisononRobbenIslannd.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.Alltheterrorandfearofthattimecamebacktome.Irememberedthebeatingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmyfriendswhohaddied.IfeltIwouldnotbeabletodoit,butmyfamilyencouragedme.TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.Sonowat51Iamproudtoshowvisitorsovertheprison,forIhelpedtomakeourpeoplefreeintheirownland.必修2unit1INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERFrederickWilliamⅠ，theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoomInfact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift.ItwasdesignedforthepalaceofFrederickⅠ.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamⅠ,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.In1716hegaveittoPetertheGreat.Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.SotheAmberRoombecausepartoftheCzar'swinterpalaceinStPetersburg.Aboutfourmetreslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.Later,CatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshespenthersummers.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.In1770theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.Almostsixhundredcandleslittheroom,anditsmirrorsandpicturesshonelikegold.Sadly,althoughtheAmberInSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.However,someoftheNazissecretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwooodenboxs.ThereisnodoubtthattheboxswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheRecently,theRussiansandGermanshavebuiltanewAmberRoomatthesummerpalace.BystudyingoldphotosoftheformerAmberRoom,theyhavemadethenewonelookliketheoldone.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofAFACTORANOPINION?Whatisafact?Isitsomethingthatpeoplebelieve?No.Afactisanythingthatcanbeproved.Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyothercountryintheworld.Thisisafact.Thenwhatisanopinion?Anopinioniswhatsomeonebelievesistruebuthasnotbeenproved.Soanopinionisnotgoodevidenceinatrial.Forexample,itisanopinionifyousay“Catsarebetterpetsthandogs”.Itmaybetrue,butitisdifficulttoprove.Somepeoplemaynotagreewiththisopinionbuttheyalsocannotprovethattheyareright.Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.Thejudgedoesnotconsiderwhateacheyewitnesslookslikeorwherethatpersonlivesorworks.He/sheonlycaresaboutwhethertheeyewitnesshasgiventrueinformation,whichmustbefactsratherthanopinions.Thiskindofinformationiscalledevidence.Unit2ANINTERVIEWPausanias,whowasaGreekwriterabout2,000yearsago,hascomeonamagicaljourneyonMarch18th2007tofindoutaboutthepresent-dayOlympicGames.HeisnowinterviewingLiYan,avolunteerforthe2008OlympicGames.P:MynameisPausanias.Ilivedinwhatyoucall“AncientGreece”andIusedtowriteabouttheOlympicGamesalongtimeago.I’vecometoyourtimetofindoutaboutthepresent-dayOlympicGamesbecauseIknowthatin2004theywereheldinmyhomeland.MayIaskyousomequestionsaboutthemodernOlympics?L:Goodheavens!Haveyoureallycomefromsolongago?Butofcourseyoucanaskanyquestionsyoulike.Whatwouldyouliketoknow?P:HowoftendoyouholdyourGames?L:Everyfouryears.TherearetwomainsetsofGames-theWinterandSummerOlympics,andbothareheldeveryfouryearsonaregularbasis.TheWinterOlympicsareusuallyheldtwoyearsbeforetheSummerGames.Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwillbeadmittedascompetitors.Theymaycomefromanywhereintheworld.P:WinterGames?Howcantherunnersenjoycompetinginwinter?Andwhataboutthehorses?L:Ohno!Therearenorunningracesorhorseridingevents.Insteadtherearecompetitionslikeskiingandiceskatingwhichneedsnowandice.That’swhythey’recalledtheWinterOlympics.It’sintheSummerOlympicsthatyouhavetherunningraces,togetherwithswimming,sailingandalltheteamsports.P:Isee.Earlieryousaidthatathletesareinvitedfromallovertheworld.DoyoumeantheGreekworld?OurGreekcitiesusedtocompeteagainsteachotherjustforthehonourofwinning.Noothercountriescouldjoinin,norcouldslavesorwomen!L:Nowadaysanycountrycantakepartiftheirathletesaregoodenough.Thereareover250sportsandeachonhasitsownstandard.Womenarenotonlyallowed,butplayaveryimportan