英語(yǔ)一年級(jí)上學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年

英語(yǔ)一年級(jí)上學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年P(guān)leasefillthefollowingblankswiththeexactwordsorexpressionsyouhear.Youmayneedtounderstandthesewordsbeforeyoulisten.

HelpfulwordsandExpressionsharpsichord羽管鍵琴clavichord古鋼琴spinet斯皮耐琴

virginal

維吉那琴Whatwenowcallsimplythepianowasinventedinaround1700,byaFlorentineinstrumentbuilderandrestorercalledBartolomeoCristofori.The____1_____

sellingpointofthenewinstrumentmakingitdifferentfromallthe____2_____

harpsichords,clavichords,spinetsandvirginalsthatwentbeforeit,wasitsabilitytoplaysoftandloud,orinItalian,pianoeilforte.Theharpsichord____3_____

itsstrings,andsonomatterwhatpressureyou____4_____

thekeys,thenotesalwayscameoutthesamevolume.Cristofori’sinvention,insteadofpluckingthestrings,____5_____

themwithagentlehammer,tippedwithdeerskin,andtheharderyouhitthekey,theharderthehammerhitthestring,resulting____6_____

indifferentlevelsofvolumeforeverynote.A

friendofBach’s,GottfriedSilbermann,began____7_____

pianos,andalthoughBachplayedonafewprototypesandevenadvisedontheirdesign,hedidn’tseemthatimpressed.____8_____,

itwasBach’sson,JohannChristian,livinginLondon,whowastobecomethe____9_____

ofthenewinstrument,30orsoyearslater,thus____10_____

theyoungMozartandotherstofollowhislead.[音頻]

答案:unique;previous;plucked;exertedon;tapped;potentially;manufacturing;Ironically;champion;(10)pavingthewayforPleasefillthefollowingblankswiththeexactwordsorexpressionsyouhear.Youmayneedtounderstandthesewordsbeforeyoulisten.

helpfulwordsandexpressions:bassdrum低音大鼓triangle三角鐵crotales響板mallet鼓槌snaredrum小軍鼓bongo邦戈鼓timbales

天巴鼓tambourine手鼓；鈴鼓crash

cymbal吊镲glockenspiel鐘琴

Asa____1_____,wedoplayalotofdifferentinstruments,alotoftechniques____2_____

tolearntobeabletogetallthedifferentsoundsoutofthoseinstruments.Wehavethemostfunofanybodyintheorchestra.Wehavethelowestofthelow-pitchedinstruments,thebassdrum.Theisthetriangle,oneofthe____3_____

instrument,usuallysinglenotes,ora____4_____

soundby

rollingbetweenthetwosides.Aspercussionists,wealsogettoplaypitchedinstruments,suchasthesecrotales,partofthekeyboardfamily.They’relaidoutlikethepianoislaidout,withthewhitenotesandthedarkkeysrighthere.____5_____

westrikethemwithvarioustypesofmallets.Nowwehavemorefunthananybodyelseintheorchestra,becausewegettodothingslikeusingasuperballonasticktomakesoundslikethis.Thenifwe’renotmakingunusual

soundslikethat,we’reusuallyprovidingrhythm

____6_____,withanothervarietyofdifferentdrums.Snaredrum

isa____7_____

one.TheseotherdrumsaretheLatinvariety,bongos

andtimbales.Andwegettoplayinstrumentsthatarefound____8_____

theworld,suchasthistambourine.Inmanydifferentculturestheyhavetheir____9_____

ofthetambourine.Andwehavevarious

waysofstrikingtheinstrumentwithourhand.Andwecanplayfastbyusingotherpartsofourbody.Andwecanshakeandmakeasustainedtone

whichwecallaroll.Andwhatwouldbeapercussion____10_____

withoutthecrashcymbals?Noweverybody,holdyourears.Ah,fooledyou.Percussioninstrumentscanbeplayedloudandsoft,butofcoursewealllovetoplayloud.Andthenfinally,oftentimeswe’reaskedtoplaymalletinstruments,whichcanprovidemelody

likeanyoftheotherinstruments.Andonepiecethatwerecorded,“Daphnis”,hasavery,veryloudglockenspiel

part,playedonglockenspiel.[音頻]

答案:percussionist;required;higher-pitched;sustained;Normally;ofsomesort;typical;throughout;versions;(10)sectionPleasefillthefollowingblankswiththeexactwordsorexpressionsyouhear.Youmayneedtounderstandthesewordsbeforeyoulisten.

fugue(n.)賦格

counterpoint

對(duì)位/contrapuntal(a.)dazzle(v.)使眼花繚亂quintessential(a.)典型的freakishly(ad.)反常地cascade(v.)傾瀉jigsaw(n.)拼圖edifice(n.)大廈；宏偉建筑IfBach’saiminhis____1____musicistomoveandinspire,inhisinstrumentalmusic,hewantstodazzle.He’sthe____2____masterofalltimeofthemusicaltechniqueofcounterpoint,theinterweavingofdifferenttunes.AndthequintessentialBachianformofcounterpointwasthefugue.Afugue,whichmeansflightinItalian,isacomplicatedformofcanon,orround.Sohereisaroundthatanychildinlate17thcenturyLondon____3____onlytoowell.Londonisburning,London’sburning,Fetchtheengine,fetchtheengine,Fire,fire!Fire,fire!Pouronwater,pouronwater.Inacanonorround,thesametuneissungbydifferentgroupsatdifferentpoints,allowingeachnewentrytofitontopoftheothers.Afugueisessentiallyamorecomplicatedversion,withmultiplelines,somecominginbackwards,or____4____orupsidedown.Ifthissoundsfreakishlyclever,somethingEinsteinwouldhavedoneataphysicsseminar,well,Bachis____5____musichastoEinstein,who,bytheway,wasamassivefanofBach.Let’slookatafuguebyBachthatshowshimathisEinstein-likebest.Firstofall,wehavethebasictheme.Itwouldbetooeasyjusttohavethisthemerepeatedandplayedontopofitself,sobrainboxBachhasitsuper-imposedinanumberofotherways.Oneoptionistohaveitplayatdoublespeed,andstartingonadifferentnote.Notbad,excepthemanagestwoother____6____atthesametime.Oneofitistoturnitupsidedown,knowninthetradeastheinverted____7____,alsoatdoublespeed.Andanotheristoplayitathalfthespeed,thatis,twiceasslowastheoriginal.Therearefourmainvoicesorpartsinthisfugue,andasitprogresses,alloftheabovetechniquescascadeovereachother,upsidedown,reversed,____8____,sloweddownandplayedatdifferentpositionsonthekeyboard.Itisamiraculousmusicaljigsaw.Nowcomposingsomethingascomplexasthisstructure,you’dthinkitwouldbehardenoughwhenyou’vegotitall____9____infrontofyouonthepage,likeagraph.Buthere’sanamazingthing.Bachcould____10____fugueslikethisatthekeyboard.Fromjustonefragmentoftune,Bachhasbuiltanedificeofsevenminutesofcontrapuntalinvention.

[音頻]

答案:choral;undisputed;wouldhaveknown;inreverse;theclosestthing;tricks;version;speededup;laidout;(10)improvisePleasefillthefollowingblankswiththeexactwordsorexpressionsyouhear.Youmayneedtounderstandthesewordsbeforeyoulisten.

/meander(v.)蜿蜒；曲折

discernible(a.)可辨別的

octave(n.)八度

organum(n.)奧爾加農(nóng)

Intheearliestformofplainchant,musicalmonkswouldsingameanderingtunewithno____1____,nodiscerniblerhythmandnoharmonizing.Theyaresingingtogether____2____.Plainchantstayedthesameforcenturies,butthen,sometimebeforethe8thcentury,someone,somewherehadthebrightideaofaddingsomeyoungladstothechoir.Itsounds____3____withhigherandlowervoices____4____,doesn’tit?Theboyssanganoctavehigherthanthemen.It’scalledanoctavebecauseinchurchmusicatthetimetherewereonlyeightnotestochoosefrom.Onthewhitenotesofthemodernkeyboardthetwolinesofvoicesareeightnotes____5____.Havingmenandboyssinganoctaveapart____6____afurtherthought.Whatifwehadtwonotestogetherthatweren’toctaves,butcompletelydifferentnotestakenfromthechoiceofeight?Whatiftheyaddedthisnote,forexample?____7____.Theydidn’tgotoofar,mind.Thenewlinewasn’tindependentbutstayed____8____inparalleltothe____9____.Thisparallellinestechnique,whichbeganinaroundthe9thcentury,wascalledorganum,because,tothem,itsoundedlikeanorgan,whichitdoes.Whatwe’rehearingisthefirstexperimentinwhatwe’dcallharmony,the____10____soundingofmorethanonenote.[音頻]

答案:accompaniment;inunison;fuller;combined;apart;prompted;Genius;exactly;original;(10)simultaneousPleasefillthefollowingblankswiththeexactwordsorexpressionsyouhear.Youmayneedtounderstandthesewordsbeforeyoulisten.

HelpfulwordsandExpressionsmonarchyn.皇室，王族metropolisn.大都會(huì)mercantilea.商業(yè)的globetrotter周游列國(guó)者coronationn.加冕禮splashn.引人注目的效果

He(Handel)isdrawntoLondon.Herehe____1_____

theoperabusinessinabigwayaswellasworkingforBritain’smonarchy.HandelisthefirstBaroquecomposerableto____2_____

hisownvisionsofmusicrelatively____3_____

nobilityorthechurch.“Handelreallyenjoyed,I

think,hisfinalmovetoLondon,becauseit____4_____

himalltheopportunitiesthathe’dalwayswanted.Hewasabletosetuphisownoperacompany,theRoyalAcademy,andhewas____5_____

abletoputontheworkshewantedtodo.He’d____6_____

ItalianoperainhisyouthwhenhewenttoItaly,butchosetomovebacktoNorthernEurope.AndhefoundinLondon,I

think,ametropolis

wheretherewasalotofmoney,therewasalotofmercantile

culture,whichhecould____7_____.Hewasarealglobetrotter.”

Oneofhisgreatest____8_____,hecomposedthehymnsforthecoronation

ofGeorgeI,HisKingoftheGreatBritainIsland.Tothisday,itremainsthecoronationhymnfortheBritishmonarchy.“Heunderstandsroyalmusic.Youknowwhatyouneedforroyalmusic,youneedtrumpetsanddrums.Youneedbigsplashes.Youneeddouble____9_____.Youneedgreatrhythmic____10_____

devices,andyouneedabigsplash.That’swhathewassogoodatdoing.[音頻]

答案:becomesinvolvedin;implement;independentof;afforded;therefore;falleninlovewith;tapinto;assignments;choirs;(10)innovativePleasefillthefollowingblankswiththeexactwordsorexpressionsyouhear.Youmayneedtounderstandthesewordsbeforeyoulisten.

HelpfulWords&ExpressionsEqualTemperament平均律swanneewhistle斯旺尼哨recorder

(n.)豎笛TheWell-TemperedClavier

《平均律鋼琴曲集》GreenwichMeridian

格林威治子午線squash(v.)擠進(jìn)gobbleup吞并calibrate

(v.)校準(zhǔn)Lookingagainatourpianolayout,weseethatifwefindthenoteC,forexample,itoccurseighttimesfrombottomtotopofthekeyboard.Wealsonoticethatthereare12othernotesbetweeneachoftheCs.Thisisthething.Asithappens,inwesternmusicthereareinfactatleast19sub-divisionsbetweenoneCandanother,not12.Thisiswhattheysoundlike.Forsomeinstruments,playingallthesesquashed-togethernoteswasn’tanissue.Cellos,say,areflexible,becauseyoucanchangeanotebyslidingyourfingerbytinydegreesalongthestring.Butinstrumentslikethetrumpetandpianocan’tplaythem,because

theirmechanicalvalves,buttons,tabsandkeysarefixed.It’slikethedifferencebetweenthisswanneewhistle,withitsflexiblepitch,andthisrecorder,withitsfixedpitch.WhatEqualTemperamentdidwaseffectivelyto____1____

sevenofthe19sub-divisions,andcreateastandardized12thatwould____2____

theotherlittlenotes.Sowhatusedtobethetwoseparatenotes,F#andGflat,becameoneall-purposenotethat____3____

both.B#,eventhoughitstillgetswrittenoutinmusic,gotgobbledup

asaseparateentitybythenoteC,andsoon.Intheirnaturalstate,thenotesoftheoctavearenot____4____.WhatEqualTemperamentdidwastoequalizethedistancebetweennotes.____5____,youcouldnowjumpfromchordtochordasoftenasyouliked.Thenewsystemoftempering,ortuning,worked.Indeed,itwasJ.S.Bachhimselfwho,inaround1722,presentedthemostconclusiveevidencethatitworked.Hecomposedtwob