2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼學(xué)案新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEUNIT5WORKINGTHELAND1．devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；用心于→devotedadj.忠誠的；深愛的→devotionn．奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠2．shortadj.短的；不足的；短期的→shortagen．不足；缺少；短缺→shortenvt.使變短3．charactern．性情；(小說、戲劇中的)人物；角色→characteristicn．特征；特點(diǎn)；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的4．conventionn．常規(guī)；習(xí)俗；慣例→conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的5．a(chǎn)ssumev．假定；設(shè)想→assumptionn．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)擔(dān)當(dāng)；(權(quán)利的)獲得6．realadj.真的→reallyadv.真正地；事實(shí)上→realityn．現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際狀況；事實(shí)7．saltn．鹽→saltyadj.含鹽的；咸的1．boostvt.使增長(zhǎng)；使興盛n．增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)①Thesechangeswillhelptoboostfoodprices.vt.使增長(zhǎng)②Thishasgivenclothingpricesabigboost.n．增長(zhǎng)③Thismeasurewillbeagreatboosttotheeconomy.n．激勵(lì)2．expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt①Theranksoftheteachersareconstantlyexpanding.vi.擴(kuò)大；增加②Themerchantwantstoexpandhisbusiness.vt.擴(kuò)大③Thewriterexpandedhisshortnovelintoalongone.vt.擴(kuò)展3．estimatevt.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算n．估計(jì)；估算①Thepainter'sestimateforpaintingthewholehousewas1，000dollars.n．估計(jì)；估價(jià)②Thispaintingisestimatedat$200-$300.vt.估價(jià)③Heestimatedthespeedofthewindsfromthedegreeofdamage.vt.估算4．characteristicn．特征；特點(diǎn)；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的①Thetwospecieshaveseveralcharacteristicsincommon.n.特征；特點(diǎn)②Irecognizedhischaracteristicwalk.adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的③Independenceistheoutstandingcharacteristicofaperson.n.品質(zhì)WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1)devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；用心于(教材P50)Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers，towhomhehasdevotedhislife.的確，他瘦削但牢固的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的千千萬萬的中國農(nóng)夫一樣。[例1]Weshoulddevoteeverythingwehave.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)奉獻(xiàn)我們的一切。[例2]Hedevotedagreatsumofmoneytobooks.他花了一大筆錢買書。[學(xué)問拓展](1)devote...to(doing)sth. 把……獻(xiàn)給(做)某事devoteoneselfto＝bedevotedto 獻(xiàn)身于；用心致力于(2)devotedadj. 忠實(shí)的；深愛的(3)devotionn. 奉獻(xiàn)；關(guān)愛[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Hisdevotion(devote)tothecauseofeducationiswell-known.②QianXuesenhasbeendevotedtoChina'saerospaceallhislife.③Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)othersrebuild.④他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了教化事業(yè)。Hedevotedhimselfentirely/allhislifetoeducation.[小片段填空]Hecouldonlydevotetwohoursadaytotheproject,buthisdevotiontodutyisworthrespecting.他一天只能在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上花兩個(gè)小時(shí)，但他忠于職守是值得敬重的。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2)convincevt.使信任；使確信；勸服(教材P50)Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.袁隆平確信，答案可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到。[例1]Robert'sexpressionhadobviouslyconvincedherofhisinnocence.羅伯特的表情明顯使她信任他是清白的。[例2]SheneededtofindawaytoconvinceMichelhewaswrong.她須要想方法使米歇爾信任他錯(cuò)了。[學(xué)問拓展](1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人確信/明白某事convincesb.that... 使某人信任……convincesb.todosth. 勸服某人做某事(2)convincingadj. 令人信服的convincedadj. 確信的；堅(jiān)信的beconvincedof 信任……beconvinced(that)... (某人)信任……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Iamquiteconvincedofherexperienceinit.②I'mnotcompletelyconvinced(convince)(that)heknewtheimportanceofpractice.③Hisspeechwassoconvincing(convince)thateveryonepresentbelievedwhathesaid.④我們始終在試圖勸服他放棄那個(gè)安排。We'vebeentryingtoconvincehimtogiveuptheplan．⑤她說的話讓我信任我錯(cuò)了。WhatshesaidconvincedmethatIwasmistaken.⑥我自己都不會(huì)信任，更別提勸服別人了。I'mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindconvinceanyoneelse．eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3)assumptionn．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)擔(dān)當(dāng)；(權(quán)利的)獲得(教材P50)Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.當(dāng)時(shí)人們普遍認(rèn)為這是不行能的。[例1]Wemistookassumptionthatthepricewouldfall.我們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為價(jià)格會(huì)下降。[例2]Yourargumentisbasedonasetofquestionableassumptions.你的論證建立在一套有問題的假設(shè)上。[學(xué)問拓展](1)makeanassumption 認(rèn)為；假定ontheassumptionthat... 假定……(2)assumev. 假定；設(shè)想assumesb./sth.tobe 假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為Itisassumedthat... 一般認(rèn)為……(3)assuming(that)... 假設(shè)/假定……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Assuming(assume)thatitrains,whatshallwedo?②Theprojectwaspredicatedontheassumption(assume)thattheeconomywasexpanding.③一般認(rèn)為，過重的工作會(huì)造成壓力。Itisgenerallyassumedthattoomuchworkwillcausestress.④在聽到對(duì)他不利的證詞之前，你假定他是無罪的。Youassumehimtobeinnocentbeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.⑤她總在猜別人有多少錢。She'salwaysmakingassumptionsabouthowmuchmoneypeoplehave.[小片段填空]Inmostcasesafalseassumptionwouldleadtoaproblemfortheproject,sinceweusuallytendtoassumethatthingswillgothewaywewant.在大部分的狀況下，錯(cuò)誤的假定會(huì)導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目發(fā)生問題，因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔA向于假定事情會(huì)如我們所希望般的發(fā)生。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4)overcomevt.(overcame,overcome)克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝(教材P50)Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.通過不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技術(shù)難題，于1974年培育出了第一種可用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的雜交水稻。[例1]InthefinalgameSwedeneasilyovercameFrance.在決賽中，瑞典隊(duì)輕松戰(zhàn)勝了法國隊(duì)。[例2]Iwouldovercomeanyweakness,anydespair,anyfear.我要克服全部的懦弱、無望和恐驚。[學(xué)問拓展]overcomedifficulties 戰(zhàn)勝困難beovercomewith 因……而受不了[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①他克服了種種困難最終取得了勝利。Heovercameallkindsofdifficultiesandsucceededatlast.②他突然對(duì)自己造成的損害后悔不已。Hewassuddenlyovercomewiththeharmhehaddone.③她戰(zhàn)勝了傷痛，贏得了奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌。SheovercameinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5)expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))(教材P50)Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.這種雜交水稻使農(nóng)夫大大增加了產(chǎn)量。[例1]Thepetalsofmanyflowersexpandinthesunshine.很多花瓣在陽光下綻放。[例2]Thebusinesshasexpandedgreatlyoverthelastyear.過去的一年里，這家公司極大地增加了業(yè)務(wù)量。[學(xué)問拓展]expand...into... 把……擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展成……expandinto... 發(fā)展成/擴(kuò)大成……expandonsth. 細(xì)說(闡述)……[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①請(qǐng)你把這一點(diǎn)具體說明一下，好嗎？Couldyouexpandonthispoint,please?②他的工作室擴(kuò)大規(guī)模而成為一家大公司了。Hisstudiowasexpandedintoabigcompany.③中國的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)正快速發(fā)展。TheinformationindustriesarerapidlyexpandinginChina.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6)becomprisedof包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)(教材P50～51)Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物。[例1]Thecommitteeiscomprisedofrepresentativesfrombothpublicandprivatesectors.委員會(huì)由政府和私人部門的雙方代表組成。[例2]Groupsarecomprisedoftwoormorepeople.小組由兩人或兩人以上組成。[學(xué)問拓展]becomposedof 由……組成consistof 由……組成bemadeupof 由……組成，構(gòu)成[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯①Aweekconsistsofsevendays.②救援隊(duì)由8個(gè)士兵和2個(gè)醫(yī)生組成。Therescueteamiscomposedofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteamconsistsofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteamismadeupofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.[名師點(diǎn)津]consistof沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于bemadeupof或becomposedof，且不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)what引導(dǎo)主語從句(教材P50)However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，最讓他擔(dān)憂的是農(nóng)夫常常糧食歉收，有時(shí)甚至嚴(yán)峻缺乏食物。句式分析：句中whatconcernedhimmost為what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。[例1]Whatweneedismoney.我們須要的是錢。[例2]WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是這一點(diǎn)。[學(xué)問拓展]what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)的從句可以作主語、賓語或表語；what本身在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①他想知道經(jīng)理在會(huì)議上說了些什么。Hewantedtoknowwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.②小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforwhatseemedlikehours．③把你買的東西給我看看。Showmewhatyouhavebought．④是什么使他哭的還不清晰。Whatmadeherangrywasnotclear.[名師點(diǎn)津]what除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所……的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞＋that”。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句中通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略。⑤你最好還是努力工作。It'sthebestthatyoushouldworkhard．eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that...(教材P50～51)Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物。句式分析：句中itisestimatedthat“據(jù)估算”為“Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。it作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。[例1]Itisestimatedthateveryyear50unaccompaniedchildrenarriveinBritain.據(jù)估計(jì)，每年有50名兒童獨(dú)自來到英國。[例2]Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.據(jù)估計(jì)這花瓶有兩千年歷史。[學(xué)問拓展](1)常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。(2)此句型可改寫為“sb./sth.＋besaid/believed/thought＋todo”或“peoplesay/think...(that)...”結(jié)構(gòu)。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①據(jù)報(bào)道，三分之一的市民準(zhǔn)備購買私家車。Itisreportedthatonethirdofcitizensplantobuyaprivatecar.②人們希望這種可怕的疾病能快速得到限制。Itishopedthattheterriblediseasewillsoonbecontrolled.③這次會(huì)議預(yù)料要開4天。Itisestimatedthatthemeetingwilllastfourdays.④據(jù)說他已經(jīng)通過了駕照考試。Itissaidthathehaspassedthedrivingtest.→Heissaidtohavepassedthedrivingtest.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式3)giventhat...引導(dǎo)的狀語從句(教材P51)GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受閑適的生活。句式分析：giventhat...意為“考慮到……”，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)狀語從句。[例1]Giventhatthey'reinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.在缺乏閱歷的狀況下，他們的工作已經(jīng)算是做得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)了。[例2]Giventhathegracefullyapologized,thewomanacceptedhisapology.在他有禮貌地致歉后，這位女士接受了他的致歉。[學(xué)問拓展](1)用作give的過去分詞，引出過去分詞短語作狀語，意為“假如有……”，“假定……”等義，此時(shí)要留意其邏輯主語與句子主語保持一樣。(2)可用作介詞，后接名詞或代詞，意為“考慮到”或“鑒于”。(3)用作形容詞，意為“特定的”“肯定的”“規(guī)定的”等，通常用作定語。(4)given后也可接that從句，表示“考慮到”。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Theworkmustbedonewithinthegiven(give)time.②Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,theycouldbegrownbetter.→Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.③Iftheyaregiventime,they'llprobablyagree.→Giventime,they'llprobablyagree.④Givenherinterestinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.→Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.1．However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句中whatconcernedhimmost為what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，thatfarmers...為that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，其中不定式短語toeat作名詞food的后置定語。[譯文]然而，最讓他擔(dān)憂的是，農(nóng)夫常常糧食歉收，有時(shí)甚至嚴(yán)峻缺乏食物。2．Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句中and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，其中第一個(gè)分句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；過去分詞短語generatedfromYuan'shybridstrains作名詞crops的后置定語。[譯文]據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國國內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物，這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國農(nóng)夫每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米。教材高考1.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers，towhomhehasdevotedhislife.(2024·天津卷)Inthefuture，Iwillbeagooddoctortohealthewoundedandrescuethedying，devotingmyselftomywork.2.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarycafebutaveryspecialone.(2024·浙江卷)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.3.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.4.Thecommonassu-mptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(2024·江蘇卷)Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.5.Throughintenseeffort，Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)WhenIcomeacrosstheproblemsoflearninginmystudy，myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetoovercomethedifficultiesbravely.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Nowadaysmanystudentsdevotetoomuchtimetoplaying(play)computergames.2．Thisisthemostconvincing(convince)evidencethatIcanfind.3．YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding(expand)theareaofthefields.4．Theyweretomeetatagiven(give)timeandplace.5．Shanghaifoodisratheroily,andBeijingfoodissalty(salt)andspicy.6．Wethoughthewasseriousbutinreality(real)hewasjoking.7．Peopleusedtobelievethatdirtgenerated(generate)disease.8．Itisestimated(estimate)thatnotlessthanhalfamillionpeoplediedinthefamine.9．Thatwastheextremesouthernlimitattained(atta