2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)教案：閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解（新高考專用）

【高頻考點(diǎn)解密】2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義

閱讀理解

解密03細(xì)節(jié)理解的復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

【構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系】

考點(diǎn)1事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)2細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題

考點(diǎn)3數(shù)字計(jì)算題

【英語學(xué)科素養(yǎng)解讀】

命題素養(yǎng)解讀

題型解讀

要求

要求考生閱讀4篇短主旨大意題包括精確歸納標(biāo)題、概括文章大意

文，從每題所給的4個(gè)選和總結(jié)段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主題和細(xì)

考查

項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。題材節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力，也就是能否在理解

主旨大意、

廣泛，包括科普、社會(huì)、全文的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯

細(xì)節(jié)理解、

文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方方法對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括和總結(jié)，做這類題目時(shí)要

推理判斷、

面內(nèi)容。體裁多樣，以記高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，不可以以偏概全。

詞義猜測(cè)、

敘文、議論文、說明文為

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

主。

等。

【剖析全國(guó)高考真題】——預(yù)測(cè)高考命題方向

2023年命題解讀和近年考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)

細(xì)節(jié)理解考點(diǎn)1事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)

1.A【2022?新高考I卷】

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay

1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.Allthe

assignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningand

coursemanagementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshort

in-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'

lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimeto

timeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedat

home,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperiodit

islate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignments

notcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsence

willbeaccepted.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

【答案】2.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法。

2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標(biāo)題"Essays(60%)“、"GroupAssignments(30%)“和"Daily

Work/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，學(xué)生的最終成績(jī)由3

部分組成。故選B。

2.A【2022年新高考全國(guó)H卷】

Children'sDiscoveryMuseum

GeneralInformationaboutGroupPlay

Pricing

GroupPlay$7/person

Scholarships

Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.

Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.

ScholarshipsareforGroupPlayadmissionfeesand/ortransportation.Transportationinvoices

(發(fā)票)mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.

GroupSize

Werequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護(hù)人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperones

willresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.

GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,

pleasecalltodiscussoptions.

Hours

TheMuseumisopendailyfrom9:30amto4:30pm.

GroupPlaymaybescheduledduringanydayortimetheMuseumisopen.

RegistrationPolicy

Registrationmustbemadeatleasttwoweeksinadvance.

RegisteronlineorfilloutaGroupPlayRegistrationFormwithmultipledateandstarttime

options.

Oncetheregistrationformisreceivedandprocessed,wewillsendaconfirmationemail

withintwobusinessdays.

Guidelines

?Teachersandchaperonesshouldmodelgoodbehaviorforthegroupandremainwith

studentsatalltimes.

?ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.

?Childrenshouldplaynicelywitheachotherandexhibits.

?UseyourindoorvoicewhenattheMuseum.

1.Whatdoesagroupneedtodoiftheyareofferedascholarship?

A.Prepaytheadmissionfees.B.UsetheMuseum^transportation.

C.Takeasurveyafterthevisit.D.Scheduletheirvisitonweekdays.

2.Howmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

3.WhatarechildrenprohibitedfromdoingattheMuseum?

A.Usingthecomputer.B.Talkingwitheachother.

C.Touchingtheexhibits.D.Exploringtheplacealone.

【答案】1.C2.C3.D

【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章提供了關(guān)于兒童博物館團(tuán)體游的相關(guān)信息。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Scholarship標(biāo)題下“Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouth

organizations,subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.（我彳門會(huì)視'情

況而定，為低收入學(xué)校和青年組織提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并需要其參與訪問后調(diào)查問卷）”可知，如果

一個(gè)團(tuán)體獲得了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，需要在參加一個(gè)訪后的調(diào)查問卷，與選項(xiàng)C“Takeasurveyafterthe

visit.（接受參觀后的問卷調(diào)查）”屬于同義替換，故選Co

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GroupSize"標(biāo)題下"Werequireonechaperone（監(jiān)護(hù)人）perten

children.（我們要求每十個(gè)孩子有一個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人）”可知，10個(gè)孩子需要1個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人，那么30個(gè)

孩子則需要3個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Guidelines"標(biāo)題下"Childrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasof

theMuseum.（無人陪伴的兒童不得進(jìn)入博物館的所有區(qū)域）”可知，兒童必須在監(jiān)護(hù)人陪伴下

才能進(jìn)入博物館，即兒童不能單獨(dú)進(jìn)入博物館進(jìn)行探索。與選項(xiàng)D“Exploringtheplace

alone.（獨(dú)自探索博物館）”屬于同義替換，故選D。

3.A【2021?全國(guó)新高考I卷】

Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.

ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,you'lloften

gettostayinacentrallocation（位置）withsecurityandcomfort.

YellowHostel

IfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellow

Hostel.Ifsoneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It'saffordable,andifs

gotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrain

station.

HostelAlessandroPalace

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceis

fun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.

There5salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

YouthStationHostel

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodemhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.It

offersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too;itdoesn'tchargecity

tax;ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms;italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.

HotelandHostelDesArtistes

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystation

andit'sclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyou

withamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,you

needtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.

21.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?

A.Comfort.B.Security.

C.Price.D.Location.

22.Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.

23.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了羅馬的幾個(gè)價(jià)格低廉，安全舒適的旅館。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第一段“Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoose

tostayinahostel（旅社）.”（對(duì)旅行者來說，羅馬可能很昂貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的

原因）可知選擇住旅社的旅行者可能最關(guān)心的是價(jià)格。故選C?

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HostelAlessandroPalace部分“Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebest

hostelforyouinRome."（如果你喜歡社交旅館，這是羅馬最適合你的旅館）可知如果你喜歡

社交旅館，HostelAlessandroPalace是羅馬最適合你的旅館。故選B。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)HotelandHostelDesArtistes部分“However,youneedtopay2eurosa

dayforWi-Fi.??（但是，你需要支付每天2歐元的Wi-Fi）可知HotelandHostelDesArtistes

的缺點(diǎn)是Wi-Fi收費(fèi)。故選C。

4.A[2021年新高考全國(guó)n卷】

ThingstoDoinYorkshireThisSummer

HarrogateMusicFestival

Sinceitsbirth,HarrogateMusicFestivalhasgonefromstrengthtostrength.Thisyear,we

arecelebratingour50thanniversary.Webeginon1stJunewithManchesterCamerataandNicola

Benedetti,presentinganamazingprogrammeofMozartpieces.

Dates:1June-31July

Tickets:￡12-￡96

Jodie*sFitnessSummerClasses

Asthesummermonthsrollin,ourGeorgiancountryestatemakestheperfectsettingforan

outdoorfitnesssession.Comeandworkoutwithourqualifiedpersonaltrainer,JodieMcGregor,

onthegroundsoftheMiddletonLodgeestate.

Wewillbeholdingafreetastersessionon23rdMay,at10am,todemonstratethevarietyof

effectiveandactiveexercises.Thereareeightspacesavailableforthetastersession.Advance

bookingsarerequired（info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris）

Dates:23May-11July

Tickets:￡7.50persession

FeltPictureMaking

Workingfromaninspirationalpicture,thisworkshopatHelmsleyArtsCentrewillteachyou

thetechniquesyouwillneedtorecreateyourpictureinwool.

Wewillalsodiscusstheoriginsoffelt,whatenableswoolfibrestobecomefeltandhowthe

processesweusework.

Dates:12June-12July

Tickets:￡40includingmaterials

FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath

AnewexhibitioninHalifaxuseseverydayactivitiestoexplainthehiddenmathprinciples

wealluseonaregularbasis.Packabag,cutacake,guesswhichjuicecontainerholdsthemost

liquid,andmuchmore.Discoverhowarchitects,productdesignersandscientistsusesimilarskills

intheirwork.

Dates:7May-10June

Tickets:Free

1.WhatshouldyoudoifyouwanttoattendthetastersessionofJodie*sfitnessclasses?

A.Joinafitnessclub.B.Payaregistrationfee.

C.Makeabooking.D.Hireapersonaltrainer.

2.HowmuchistheticketforFeltPictureMaking?

A.￡7.50.B.￡12.C.￡40.D.￡96.

3.Whichofthefollowingstartsearliest?

A.HarrogateMusicFestival.B.Jodie'sFitnessSummerClasses.

C.FeltPictureMaking.D.FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath.

【答案】1.C2.C3.D

【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了今年夏天約克郡的四個(gè)活動(dòng)的情況。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jodie'sFitnessSummerClasses部分中“Advancebookingsare

required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)(需要提前預(yù)訂(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris))”

可知，如果你想?yún)⒓覬odie的健身課程，你應(yīng)該預(yù)約。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FeltPictureMaking部分中“Tickets:￡40includingmaterials(門票：40英

鎊(含材料)戶可知，F(xiàn)eltPictureMaking的票需要40英鎊。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，HarrogateMusicFestival從6月1日至!j7月31日；Jodie*s

FitnessSummerClasses從5月23日至lj7月11日；FeltPictureMaking從6月12日到7月12

日；FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath從5月7日到6月10日。故FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath

最早開始。故選D。

5.【2020?全國(guó)新高考I山東卷】A

POETRYCHALLENGE

Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyouface

challengesinyourlife.

Prizes

3GrandPrizes：TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneother

personofthewinner'schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,and

toursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.

6FirstPrizes：ThebookSkyPioneer：APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthor

CorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.

50HonorableMentions：Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowill

eachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart*sfinalflight.

Rules

Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.

■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthe

paper.

■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirth

date.

■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.188

1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?()

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.

2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?()

A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.

C.AspecialT-shirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?()

A.Typingyourpoemout.B.Writingapoemof120words.

C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper.D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.

【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文是一篇詩歌大賽的征稿啟事。文章就參賽作品的內(nèi)容、

獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、參賽規(guī)則等做了介紹。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分中第一段中的"TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthree

winners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinnerschoice”可知，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨伎梢詭б幻?/p>

長(zhǎng)和另一名由獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哌x擇的人員。因此，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢詭蓚€(gè)人。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分中第三段“50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50

honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart*sfinalflight”可

知，每位優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨紝@得一件紀(jì)念埃爾哈特最后一次飛行的T恤。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分中的"Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorffewer”可知，所寫的詩字?jǐn)?shù)不能超過100字。否則，將會(huì)被

取消資格。故結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)(寫一首120字的詩)是會(huì)被取消資格的。故選B。

6.A【2020?海南卷】

PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.From

broadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.

BroadcastingCamp

Becomethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspect

ofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeach

nightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworld

informedofthehappeningsatPali.

SecretAgentCamp

InthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolest

jobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeof

realsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.

CulinaryCamp

Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.

Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycan

takehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.

StreetArtCamp

Thiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorful

ideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwith

non-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmural(壁畫)whichwillbedisplayedinpublicfor

alltosee.232

21.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?()

A.2.B.4.C.17.D.21.

22.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?()

A.Createawebsite.B.Runanewsstation.

C.Meetastarreporter.D.Holdadinnerparty.

23.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?()

A.BroadcastingCamp.B.SecretAgentCamp.

C.CulinaryCampD.StreetArtCamp.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)不同類型的夏令營(yíng)的情況。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highly

uniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知從廣播到街頭藝術(shù)，這只是17個(gè)非常獨(dú)特的營(yíng)地中的4個(gè)。

由此可知，今年夏天巴利島有17個(gè)露營(yíng)地。故選C。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsand

theirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentire

camp.”可知在經(jīng)營(yíng)好我們自己的新聞電臺(tái)的方方面面的同時(shí)，孩子們和他們的營(yíng)員們將在每

天晚上的晚餐時(shí)，為整個(gè)夏令營(yíng)創(chuàng)作并主持播出一個(gè)廣播。由此可知，營(yíng)員在廣播營(yíng)會(huì)經(jīng)營(yíng)

一家新聞電臺(tái)。故選B。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinary

campisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,as

wellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.”可矢口如果你的孩子喜

歡呆在廚房里，那么烹飪夏令營(yíng)絕對(duì)是最合適的選擇。露營(yíng)者學(xué)習(xí)烘焙、油炸和切菜的技術(shù)

技能，以及一些他們可以帶回家和家人分享的食譜。由此可知，CulinaryCamp會(huì)吸引對(duì)烹

飪感興趣的孩子。故選C。

細(xì)節(jié)理解考點(diǎn)2細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換與是非判斷題

1.B【2022?新高考I卷】

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wasto

makeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Then

friendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,the

arugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;Icouldhavemadesix

saladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,ccfoodwastegoesagainstthe

moralgrain,asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuch

perfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from"ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedby

grocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.

Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,t6iffoodwastewerea

country,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.9,

Ifthafshardtounderstand,lefskeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmy

refrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it'smorelike12bones

ofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecovered

morethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）

producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,

cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartin

reducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingor

byaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

5.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

6.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

7.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

【答案】5.B6.D7.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M(fèi)現(xiàn)象以及華盛頓DC中

央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官科廷為解決食物浪費(fèi)而采取的努力。

5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的"Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,

andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,

Roytewrites,uiffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhouse

gasesintheworld.”（生產(chǎn)沒人吃的食物會(huì)浪費(fèi)用于種植食物的水、燃料和其他資源。這使得

食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問題。事實(shí)上，羅伊特寫道，“如果食物浪費(fèi)是一個(gè)國(guó)家，它將是世

界上第三大溫室氣體排放國(guó)?！保笨芍?，根據(jù)文中的說法，浪費(fèi)食物的一個(gè)后果是對(duì)環(huán)境的

危害。故選B。

6.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecovered

morethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）

produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,

cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科廷是華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席

執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復(fù)原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組織通過接受捐贈(zèng)和收集有瑕疵的

農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，收回了超過807500磅的食物，否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品就會(huì)在地里腐爛。草莓呢？志愿者

們將清洗、切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食中使用）”可知，科廷的公司用人們不

想要的食物重新制作食物。故選D。

7.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的""Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherby

notpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.（"每個(gè)人都可以在減少浪費(fèi)方面發(fā)揮作用，無

論是在每周的購(gòu)物中不購(gòu)買不必要的食物，還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，“科廷說）”

可知，科廷建議人們只買需要的東西來避免浪費(fèi)食物。故選A。

2.D【2022?新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"to

therareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommon

thanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteled

tonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchasand"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（對(duì)齊）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculture

intheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodo

asmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesound

ofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'andincreasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,44saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

12.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

13.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

【答案】12.D13.C

【解析】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因?yàn)轱嬍车母淖儗?dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)

現(xiàn)了新的語音。

12.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockett

notedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'and"v"，weremorecommoninthe

languagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiatthe

UniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，學(xué)者

CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如嚀'和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會(huì)的語言中更

常見?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的DamianBlasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生的方

式和原因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重點(diǎn)是在語言的演變上。故選D。

13.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethof

ancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedby

touchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,making

iteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對(duì)齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)

生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顆變成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，

更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因?yàn)楣糯赡耆说南骂w結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選

Co

3.【2022年新高考全國(guó)H卷】B

Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Many

youngpeopledon'tevenrealizeifsnew.Forthem,it?sjustnormal.

Thishithomefoim。asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpring

Festivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures

一aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethe

pictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.

Whafsupwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageand

continued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Isthere

somethingwrongwiththiskid?

ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfather

frequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthat

comealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.

Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.Ifsanoutdated,lifelessthing.An

antique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitally

speaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.Tveevenbuiltwebsites.

There?sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:Tvespentlittletimeinfront

ofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfromaskingme

lastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,Tianjinand

Hebeiprovince.

Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar-twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgoto

myhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.

5.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?

A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer.B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.

C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa.D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.

6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?

A.Sociallyambitious.B.Physicallyattractive.

C.Financiallyindependent.D.