【課件】2025屆高三英語高考復(fù)習(xí)專題構(gòu)詞法+派生詞+課件

構(gòu)詞法

派生詞典題在線語法精講鞏固提升典題在線Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.In

1844

they

bought

it

for

＄1,200

and

some

land

from

Charles

Dresser,

who

performed

their__________（marry）

ceremony

in

1842.marriage[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：1844年，他們以1

200美元的價(jià)格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年主持了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞可知，此處要用名詞形式；提示詞marry意為“結(jié)婚”，其名詞形式為marriage，marriage

ceremony意為“婚禮”。故填marriage。2It

is

different

from

traditional

tourism

because

it

allows

the

traveler

to

become

educated

about

the

areas—both

in

terms

of

geographical

conditions

and

cultural

characteristics,

and

often

provides

money

for

conservation

and

benefits

the_____________（develop）

of

the

local

areas.development[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個(gè)地區(qū)——無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色，并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知，此處填入名詞development來作動(dòng)詞benefits的賓語。故填development。3.Many

people

in

China

have

limited__________（expose）

to

English,

which

makes

it

extra

hard

to

learn

and

practice

it.exposure[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：許多中國人對英語的接觸有限，這使得學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)英語變得格外困難。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞limited可知，此處填入名詞exposure。故填exposure。4.With

our

study,

we

think

we

can

now____________（confident）

conclude

that

at

least

some

dogs

can

distinguish

human

facial

expressions.confidently[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：通過我們的研究，我們認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在可以自信地得出結(jié)論，至少有些狗可以辨別人類的面部表情。空格處應(yīng)填副詞來修飾動(dòng)詞conclude，故填confidently

。5.Chinese

New

Year

is

a____________（celebrate）

marking

the

end

of

the

winter

season

and

the

beginning

of

spring.celebration[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國新年是一個(gè)標(biāo)志著冬季結(jié)束和春季開始的慶?；顒?dòng)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處被前面的冠詞a限定，作表語，需要用所給詞的名詞形式。故填celebration。6.Branches

of

Plum

Blossoms

（梅花）:

The__________（beauty）

long

branches

covered

with

pink-colored

buds

（蓓蕾）

make

fantastic

decorations.beautiful[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：梅花枝：美麗的長枝上覆蓋著粉紅色的花蕾，這是極好的裝飾。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處與long一起修飾后面的名詞“branches”，需用所給詞的形容詞形式。故填beautiful。7.Filled

with__________（curious）,

the

artist

packed

his

bags

and

left.curiosity[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：心中充滿了好奇，這位畫家收拾好行囊就出發(fā)了。設(shè)空處充當(dāng)with的賓語，所以要用所給詞的名詞形式。故填curiosity。8.As

the

small

boat

moved________（gentle）

along

the

river

he

was

left

speechless

by

the

mountains

being

silently

reflected

in

the

water.gently[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：當(dāng)小船順著江輕輕移動(dòng)時(shí)，群山在水中的無聲的倒影使他說不出話來。設(shè)空處單詞修飾As引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞moved，所以要用其副詞形式。故填gently。9.Historical__________（accurate）

is

important

but

so

is

entertainment.accuracy[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境和設(shè)空處前的修飾詞Historical可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞accuracy作主語。10.It

is

difficult

to

figure

out

a

global

population

of

polar

bears

as

much

of

the

range

has

been________（poor）

studied.poorly[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾過去分詞studied，因此應(yīng)用副詞形式，故答案為poorly。11.Her

years

of

hard

work

have________（final）

been

acknowledged

after

a

customer

nominated

（提名）

her

to

be

Cheshire’s

Woman

Of

The

Year.finally[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。本空修飾動(dòng)詞，故應(yīng)用副詞finally。12.“...

We

are

so

proud

of

her.

It’s___________（wonder）.”wonderful[解析]

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空在系動(dòng)詞is后作表語，故應(yīng)用形容詞wonderful。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.In

my

opinion,

when

in

trouble,

we

should

seek

help

from

those

we

trust

mostly.______________

mostly→most[解析]

mostly“主要地”；most“最”。由句意可知應(yīng)用most。2.

Today

I

tried

cooking

a

simply

dish

myself.________________

simply→simple[解析]

句意：今天我嘗試親自做一道簡單的菜。形容詞作定語修飾名詞dish,

simple簡單的。3.I’m

surely

you’ll

have

a

good

time._____________

surely→sure[解析]

句意：我確信你會(huì)玩得很開心。此處I’m

sure

（that）+從句是固定句式，故將surely改為sure。4.I

became

interesting

in

playing

football

thanks

to

a

small

accident.______________________

interesting→

interested[解析]

interesting“有趣的”；interested“感興趣的”。become

interested

in“對……感興趣”。5.First，

I

wanted

to

be

a

fireman，

whose

uniform

looked

so

coolly.______________[解析]

本句中l(wèi)ooked意為“看起來”，為系動(dòng)詞，故應(yīng)用形容詞cool作表語。

coolly→cool6.One

was

that

I

was

amazing

at

the

fact

that

a

sick

person

could

feel

much

better

after

seeing

a

doctor.__________________

amazing→amazed[解析]

be

amazed

at意為“對……感到驚奇”。7.What

I

want

is

not

just

an

ordinarily

cafe

but

a

very

special

one.____________________

ordinarily→ordinary[解析]

cafe為名詞，故此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，故把ordinarily改為ordinary。語法精講考點(diǎn)1

名詞與其他詞類的詞形轉(zhuǎn)化1.動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴（1）-al表示人、物、行為（特殊：去e+-al）approve贊成→approval贊成survive幸存→survival幸存arrive到達(dá)→arrival

到達(dá)refuse拒絕→refusal拒絕propose提議→proposal提議；建議（2）-ance/-ence表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或行為appear出現(xiàn)→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform表演→performance表演exist存在→existence存在prefer較喜歡→preference偏愛refer參考；查閱→reference參考；查閱depend依靠→dependence依賴；依靠＊guide指引→guidance引導(dǎo)；指導(dǎo)（3）-ion/-tion/-ation表示狀態(tài)或行為direct指揮；指導(dǎo)→direction方向；指導(dǎo)expect期待→expectation期待；期望＊explain解釋→explanation解釋invite邀請→invitation邀請；請柬solve解決→solution解決compete競爭→competition比賽；競爭pronounce發(fā)音→pronunciation發(fā)音describe描述→description描寫repeat重復(fù)→repetition重復(fù)（4）-s（s）ion表示行為或狀態(tài)discuss討論→discussion討論admit承認(rèn)→admission承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入＊decide決定→decision決定（5）-ing具有……（特征）的hear聽→hearing聽力；聽覺listen聽→listening聽；聽力＊begin開始→beginning開始部分（6）-ment表示行為、結(jié)果等achieve達(dá)到；完成→achievement成就develop發(fā)展→development

發(fā)展＊argue爭論→argument爭論；論據(jù)（7）-ure/-ture表示行為或狀態(tài)fail失敗→failure失敗press壓；擠→pressure壓力mix混合→mixture混合物＊expose暴露→exposure

面臨；暴露（8）-y表示……的動(dòng)作（或過程）recover恢復(fù)→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover發(fā)現(xiàn)→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)＊其他常見變化：choose選擇→choice選擇vary相異→variety多樣化；品種tend傾向→tendency趨向；趨勢grow生長→growth生長marry結(jié)婚→marriage婚姻carry搬→carriage客車廂；運(yùn)輸pack收拾（行李）→package包；盒post郵寄→postage郵資；郵費(fèi)store貯存→storage貯存respond

回應(yīng)→response響應(yīng)2.形容詞變名詞的后綴（1）-age表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)short短的→shortage不足；短缺（2）-cy表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)fluent流利的→fluency流利；流暢accurate準(zhǔn)確的→accuracy準(zhǔn)確（性）private私有的→privacy隱私efficient效率高的→efficiency效率（3）-dom表示地位、狀況等free自由的→freedom自由wise明智的→wisdom智慧（4）-ness表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)dark黑的→darkness黑暗weak虛弱的→weakness虛弱kind友好的→kindness善良cold寒冷的→coldness冷淡；冷漠a(chǎn)ware知道的；意識到的→awareness知道；意識（5）-th表示結(jié)果、過程、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)warm溫暖的→warmth溫暖true真的→truth真相＊deep深的→depth深（度）strong強(qiáng)壯的→strength力量long長的→length長度wide寬的→width寬度（6）-y/-ity表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)difficult困難的→difficulty困難honest誠實(shí)的→honesty誠實(shí)＊safe安全的→safety安全cruel殘忍的→cruelty殘忍responsible負(fù)責(zé)的→responsibility責(zé)任（7）-ent變?yōu)?ence，-ant變?yōu)?ancedifferent不同的→difference不同（之處）silent沉默的；不說話的→silence寂靜patient有耐心的→patience耐心absent缺席的→absence缺席present出席的→presence出席confident自信的→confidence信心convenient方便的→convenience便利important重要的→importance重要（性）考點(diǎn)2

形容詞、副詞后綴1.名詞或動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的規(guī)律類別例詞詞尾加-ycloud→cloudy，

luck→lucky，

health→healthy，

sleep→sleepy詞尾加-（e）dgift→gifted，

talent→talented，

advance→advanced詞尾加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless，

care→careful/careless，

help→helpful/helpless，

harm→harmful/harmless，

home→homeless，colour→colourful,

use→useful/useless，

thank→thankful，

peace→peaceful詞尾加-ablecomfort→comfortable，

knowledge→knowledgeable，

accept→acceptable，

respect→respectable類別例詞詞尾加-ousdanger→dangerous，

courage→courageous，

humour→humorous詞尾將-ce變?yōu)?tconfidence→confident，

difference→different詞尾加-almusic→musical，

person→personal，

nation→national，

education→educational，

tradition→traditional詞尾加-lyfriend→friendly，

week→weekly，

love→lovely詞尾加-enwood→wooden，

wool→woolen續(xù)表類別例詞其他常見變化energy→energetic，

fool→foolish，

pleasure→pleasant/pleased，

science→scientific[以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的名詞變成形容詞時(shí)，要雙寫該輔音字母再加-y（如sun→sunny，

fun→funny等），以e結(jié)尾的名詞要去掉e再加-y（如noise→noisy,ice→icy等）]動(dòng)詞詞尾加-（a）tive/-iveattract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive續(xù)表2.區(qū)分-ed

形容詞與-ing

形容詞解決此類問題有兩個(gè)切入點(diǎn)：第一，看語境表示的是“令人……的”（-ing），還是“感到……的”（-ed）；第二，看語境說明的是性質(zhì)特征（-ing），還是感受（-ed）。具體如下：（1）-ing型形容詞主要用于修飾事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，常意為“令人……的”；修飾人時(shí)，則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征。The

story

is

very

interesting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。（故事本身有趣）The

man

is

very

interesting.這個(gè)人很有趣。（人本身或人的性格有趣）（2）-ed型形容詞通常用于說明人的感受，常意為“感到……的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)人自身的情感波動(dòng)；修飾事物時(shí)，則多修飾smile（微笑）、feeling（感覺）、appearance（外貌）、cry（哭）、face（面部表情）、voice（聲音）、mood（情緒）、look（表情）等表示某人情感狀況的名詞。He

had

a

pleased

smile

on

his

face.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。（a

pleased

smile意為“滿意的微笑”，指某人因感到滿意而露出的微笑）He

told

me

the

news

in

a

very

excited

voice.他以非常激動(dòng)的聲音告訴了我這個(gè)消息。（a

very

excited

voice意為“很激動(dòng)的聲音”，指某人因感到激動(dòng)而發(fā)出的聲音）3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的規(guī)律類別例詞形容詞+后綴-lyclear→clearly，

great→greatly，

loud→loudly，

sudden→suddenly，

sincere→sincerely以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加-lyhappy→happily，

angry→angrily，

lucky→luckily，

heavy→heavily，

noisy→noisily詞尾為-ble/-le的形容詞，去掉e，再加-yterrible→terribly，

possible→possibly，

gentle→gently，probable→probably，

comfortable→comfortably，

responsible→responsibly，

suitable→suitably詞尾為-ue的形容詞，去掉e再加-lytrue→truly類別例詞詞尾為-ll的形容詞，直接加-yfull→fully，

dull→dully詞尾為-ic的形容詞，加-allybasic→basically，

scientific→scientifically，

specific→specifically，

automatic→automatically續(xù)表鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.This

gives

the

paintings

deeper__________（mean）

and

more

elegance.meaning2.The

girl

then

plants

a

kiss

on

the

grass

in

a

heart-warming

show

of__________（affect）.affection3.My____________（apply）

was

successful

and

I

spent

an

enjoyable

month

learning

film-making.application4.Grassland

is

destroyed

without

mercy

so

that

dust

storms

come

into

being

affecting________（distance）

cities.distant5.I

really

needed

snow，

because

it

was

good

for

my__________（recover）.recovery6.I

was

supposed

to

arrive

at

the

airport

on

time.______________（fortunate），

I

was

held

up

by

the

heavy

traffic

jam.Unfortunately7.People

certainly

have

a

variety

of

reasons

for

going

back

to

school

but

one

important

thing

to

know

is，

no

knowledge

is_________（use）.useless8.There

are

so

many

different

labels

on

food

nowadays.

They

are

not

only___________（confuse）

but

also

misleading.confusing9.The

old

people

there

were

talkative

and

they

told

us

their__________（person）

stories

cheerfully.personal10.After

some

time,

when

both

of

you

have

renewed

your____________（confident）

in

each

other,

go

back

to

the

time

when

you

nearly

fell

apart.confidenceⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Disappointing

as

I

felt

at

the

shabby

campus

and

the

poorly-equipped

classroom，

I

found

the

teachers

patient.___________________________

Disappointing→Disappointed2.Similar，

people

prefer

movies

that

reflect

their

mood.__________________

Similar→Similarly3.She

is

determined

to

carry

on

with

her

educate.___________________

educate→education4.I

have

read

lots

of

inspired

stories

of

kindness.___________________

inspired→inspiring5.In

order

to

make

myself

understood，

I

told

him

how

to

go

there

as

clear

as

possible.______________