深圳2020-2024年中考英語真題專題04 閱讀理解之說明文（原卷版）

專題04閱讀理解之說明文深圳2020-2024年中考英語真題-學(xué)生【五年考情回顧】年份體裁主題內(nèi)容2024年說明文1.本文介紹了中國(guó)的一部電視劇《我的阿勒泰》在國(guó)內(nèi)外的熱播情況，以及觀眾和導(dǎo)演對(duì)該劇的評(píng)價(jià)。2.本文作者通過科學(xué)家10年對(duì)金槍魚的研究數(shù)據(jù)，向讀者說明由于人們對(duì)魚類需求的增加，造成了海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞，呼吁人們保護(hù)海洋中的野生動(dòng)物。2022年說明文本文主要科普了關(guān)于世界上“最美麗的河流”的知識(shí)。2021年說明文主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物會(huì)通過化學(xué)物質(zhì)，聲音和真菌彼此交流。2020年說明文文章主要講述深圳市淘金山綠道自2019年7月開始對(duì)外開放,位于深圳水庫西側(cè),全長(zhǎng)7.07公里。兩岸植物林立,湖光山色,一路風(fēng)光盡收眼底。在它的13個(gè)景點(diǎn)中,有8個(gè)被設(shè)計(jì)成有人工輔助設(shè)施。綠道是一個(gè)不破壞自然的建筑項(xiàng)目的例子,它也顯示了技術(shù)在建造智能綠道以增加生活便利方面所起的作用。（2024·廣東深圳·中考真題）ArecentTVseriesTotheWonderhasbecomeChina’sbreakoutTVhitoftheyear.Ithasalsowonpraiseatafilmfestivalabroad.TotheWonderisbasedontheaward-winningnovelofLiJuan,MyAltay,andisdirectedbyTengCongcong.Itisverypoeticandfilledwithbeautifulwisdom.TheTVdramafollowsthejourneyofLiWenxiu.SheoncewishedtoleaveAltay,anareainNorthernXinjiang.AfterfailingtorealizeherdreaminthecapitalofXinjiang,Lihastomovebacktoherhometownandtriestofindanewdirectionforherself.Atfirst,Lifindsithardtounderstandherneighbours’traditionalwayofthinking.UndertheinfluenceofhermotherZhangFengxia,Listartstoseetheplaceanditspeopleinanewlight.Later,shecomestounderstandtheirlifestyleandrespectfornature.Fansdescribewatchingthedramaasanexperienceinthewonderland.“It’slikebreathinginfreshairorlyingunderthesun,”saidonefan.“Itisauniquedrama,verydifferentfromtheusualChineseseries.Amust-watchifyouwanttodiscoverthebeautyofthegrasslandandlifethere,”anotherfansaid.“PeopleenjoythewonderfulviewofAltay.Butthekeytothesuccessoftheseriesliesinitsabilitytoconnectwiththeviewersonahumanlevel,”saidTengCongcong.“Inthedrama,everyonecommunicatessincerely.EvenifIdisagreewithyou,Isincerelyrespectyou.Infact,thisisaveryimportantpartofhumannature—thelovefortruth,goodnessandbeauty.”1．TotheWonderisthenameof·________.A．a(chǎn)foreigndrama B．a(chǎn)famousfilm C．a(chǎn)TVseries D．a(chǎn)beautifulpoem2．WhydoesLiWenxiucomebacktoAltay?A．Tolookafterhermother. B．Tofindherselfanewdirection.C．Tohelpthelocalpeople. D．Toenjoyitsbeautifulview.3．Theunderlinedword“unique”hastheclosestmeaningto________.A．serious B．common C．special D．strange4．WhatisthekeytothesuccessofTotheWonderaccordingtoDirectorTeng?A．Itssincererespectfornature. B．Thebeautifulwisdomofthewriter.C．Thelifestyleofthelocalpeople. D．Itssincereconnectionwithviewers.5．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Everyonecommunicatessincerely B．LiferequiresbelievinginmiraclesC．Alovefortruth,goodness,andbeauty D．Sincerelyrespectyou（2024·廣東深圳·中考真題）Aftera10-yearprojecttocounttunaandotherlargefishintheworld'soceans,scientistshavemadeaverysurprisingdiscovery:thesefisharealmostgone.Becauseoftoomuchfishing,almost90percentoftheworldwidepopulationoflargefish—theonesweusuallyeat—hasdisappeared.Ifwedon’tact,theseanimalswilltotallydisappear.Thatwillinfluenceeveryanimalintheocean.Thedemandforfishisgrowing.Almostabillionpeoplearoundtheworldgettheirprotein(蛋白質(zhì))mostlyfromfish.Doctorspraiseseafoodforbeinglowinfat.Butwhatseemslikeahealthychoiceforhumansiscausingadisastertoouroceans.“Peopleareconsuming(消費(fèi))toomuch,”saysLanceMorgan,ascientistattheMarineConservationBiologyInstitute.Adishoftunainrestaurantscostsmorethanjustoneanimal'slife.Whenfishliketunadisappearfromtheecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)),theocean’sfoodchain(鏈)breaksdown.Animalssuchassharks,whichnormallyeattuna,maydiebecausetheyfindnofood.Thenewsmaybescary,buttakingactionfromnowoncanpreventharmthathasn’thappenedyet.Worldorganizationsareorderingcountriestostopfishingtoomuch.TheMontereyBayAquariumgivesseafoodchoicestoanyonehopingtokeephealthywithoutdestroyingtheenvironment.“Ifyoucareaboutwildlife,firstspendtimeandthinkaboutyourownvaluesandbeliefs,”saysMorgan.“Thendecidewhatyou’regoingtoeat.”6．Howdoesthewriterstartthetext?A．Bygivingafact. B．Byaskingaquestion.C．Bytellingastory. D．Byusingasaying.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demand”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price.8．FromParagraph3,weknowthat________.A．ifsharksdieout,tunawilldieoutsoon B．tunawillbemorepopularinrestaurantsC．tunaplaysanimportantroleintheecosystem D．tunadisappearedbecausetheyfoundnofood9．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Totellpeopletostoppollutingouroceans. B．Totellpeopletoprotectwildlifeinoceans.C．Totellpeopletoavoideatingtoomuchseafood. D．Totellpeopletoliveabalancedandhealthylife.10．Whatdoesthelastparagraphofthearticleexplain________.A．Weneedtocareaboutwildlife B．WeneedtoeatwildanimalsC．Weneedtoreflectonourownvaluesandbeliefs D．Wedon’twanttoprotectwildanimals（2022·廣東深圳·中考真題）ThegiantAmazonrainforestinSouthAmericahasbeenamysteryforcenturies.Itholdsallkindsofnaturalwonders.AmongtheminColombia,ariverstandsoutas“themostbeautifulriver”intheworld.LocallycalledCamioCristales,thisspecialriverliesinanationalpark.Itismadeupofseveralwaterfallsrapids,andplentyofpools.Formostoftheyear,CanioCristaleslookslikeacommonriver:clean,green,androcky.However,duringtheshortperiodbetweenSeptemberandNovember,theriverexplodes（迸發(fā)）withlifeandcolor.Itappearsasanymixofcolorsincludingblue,green,yellow,orange,andapurplishred.Soitisalsoknownasthe“RiverofFiveColors”.Althoughatfirstitmayappearasifsomechemicalswereaddedtothewater,thisrainbowriveriscompletelynatural.CafioCristales’colorsaretheresultofarare（稀有）waterplantwhichneedssunlighttogrow.Theplantschangecolordependingonhowmuchsunlighttheyreceive,andtheamountisdecidedbytheheightandspeedofthewater.Therefore,itispossiblefortheplantstobetotallycolorlessifthesunlightistoohardtoget.Theyareadelicateplant.Thismakesthemeasilydamagedinthewater.Actually,theriverfacessomeproblems,includingdrierseasons,wildlifetrouble,wastemanagement,andbudget（預(yù)算）cuts.In2007,theparkwasforcedtoclosebecauseitwasover-crowdedwithtourists.Nowtheparkadmitsonly200peopleadayandrequiresthemtomindtheirbehaviour.Today,CanoCristalesstillshinesamongColombia’smostpopularnaturalattractions,drawingthousandsoftouristseveryyear.11．WhenisthebesttimetovisitCafioCristales?A．InJanuary. B．InMarch. C．InJune. D．InOctober.12．WhyisCanoCristalescolourful?A．Aspecialplantlivesinit. B．Peopleaddchemicalstoit.C．Thewaterisbadlypolluted. D．Theweatherischangeablethere.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“delicate”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Special. B．Weak. C．Lively. D．Beautiful.14．Whatoncecausedtheparktobeclosed?A．Toomanyvisitors. B．Thepoorservice. C．Toomuchrubbish. D．Thewildlifeproblem.15．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．HowtoVisitCanoCristalesB．NaturalBeautyinColombiaC．World’sMostBeautifulRiverD．ProtectingtheRiverofFiveColors（2021·廣東深圳·中考真題）Canplantstalk?Modernresearchhasfoundsomethingamazing:theydocommunicatewitheachother.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappenswhenaplantgetsattackedbyinsects.Theplantgivesoutchemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:“I’mbeingattacked!”Whenanotherplantgetsthechemicals,itstartstogiveoutitsown,differentchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattractthewasps（黃蜂;蜜蜂）!Thewaspskilltheinsectsthatareeatingtheplants.Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthisplantwarningsystem,sothatwecanuseittogrowmorecrops.Moresurprisingly,plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Peoplecan’thearthesesounds;butplantsaremakingthem.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Comandchiliplantsdothis.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater.Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.Thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi（霉菌）.Itlinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.ItisinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.However,itmayleadtobadeffects.Plantsmayuseittostealfoodfromeachother,orspreadchemicalstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.Scientistsarelearningmoreeverydayaboutthesecretwaysinwhichplantstalktoeachother.Maybeonedaywewillknowenoughaboutplantcommunicationtobeableto“talk”withthemourselves.16．Whatwillplantsdowhentheyareattackedbyinsects?A．Theywillkilltheinsectsbythemselves.B．Theywillcontrolthewaspstokilltheinsects.C．Theywillsendoutsignalstoaskforhelp.D．Theywillproducechemicalsasawarningoracallforhelp.17．Howarethewoodwideweblinkedbyfungi?A．Bymakingnoiseswiththeirroots.B．Byconnectingtherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.C．Bysharingfoodandinformationwitheachother.D．Byspreadingchemicalstoeachother.18．Whatisthewriter’sintentionofthelastparagraph?A．Togivepeoplehopeforfurtherstudies.B．Topraisescientistsfortheirgreatachievements.C．TocallonpeopletoprotecttheplantsonEarth.D．Toinspirepeopletocommunicatewithplants.19．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A． B．C． D．20．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheSecretLanguageofPlantsB．TheStudyaboutthePlantWarningSystemC．ThePlantsthatGiveWarningsD．WhyScientistsDoResearchaboutPlants（2020·廣東深圳·中考真題）TheTaojinshanGreenway(綠道)inShenzhenhasbeenopentocitizenssinceJuly,2019.SittingatthewestsideofShenzhenReservoir,itisaslongas7.07kilometers.Withplantsalongbothsidesandlakeslyingatdifferentsites,touristscanenjoywonderfulsceneryalltheway.Iftheyaretired,theyarefreetotakearestatthe3stopsthatwerebuiltforbreaks.Additionally,fiveunusedguardposts(崗?fù)?alongtheoldroutehaveremained.Theyserveassightseeingplatformsforvisitorstofeeltheculturalspiritbehindtheplace.Ofallits13scenicspots,8weredesignedtohaveAIhelpers.Fromthem,visitorscangaininformationonparking,tourguideservicesandmore.Thesmartgreenway,withfreeWi-Fiavailable,alsoprovidesenvironmentaldate,suchastemperature,windspeedandairquality.What'smore,itcangivevisitorswarningsofcomingextreme(極端的)weatherandnaturaldisasters,includingrainstormsandtyphoonsthatmayhitShenzhen."Startedinthemiddleof2015,thebuildingprocessoftheTaojinshanGreenwayhastakengoodcareofthewildlifeandenvironmentnearby"saidYangShiming,anofficialinchargeoftheproject.Thegreenwayisanexampleofconstructionprojectswithoutdoingharmtothenature.Italsoshowstherolethattechnologyplaysinbuildingasmartgreenwayformorelifeconvenience."21．HowlongdidittaketofinishtheTaojinshanGreenway?A．About3years B．About4years. C．About5years D．About6years.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inParagraph2referto?A．Views. B．Visitors. C．Stops. D．Guardposts.23．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A．WhatAIhelpersdo. B．Technologychangeslife.C．HowAIhelperswork. D．Technologyprotectshumans.24．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ItisinterestingtouseAIhelpers.B．Itisimportanttobuildgreenways.C．Itispossibletobalancenatureandconstruction.D．Itisunnecessarytoworryaboutterribleweather.（2024·廣東深圳·三模）Peopleoftenbelievetheworldofwildanimalsisfullofcompetition,andevenusephraseslikethelawofthejungle(從林法則)torefertothecruellersideofhumansociety.ButtoChenJianxing,a45-year-oldpopularauthor;itisanotherstory.Hehasbeenstudyinganimalsformanyyearsandfindsanimalshaveunselfishbehaviourandsimilaremotions,creativity,thinkingmethodsandcommunicationabilitiestopeople.Recently,ChenhaspublishedabookWeAreinAfrica,whichtellshisexperienceswithwildanimalsinAfricaandhisthoughtsaboutthem.ThebookintroducesdozensofwildanimalslivingindifferentecosystemsinAfrica,fromgrasslandandrainforest,towetlandandisland.Thebookhasgained9.4pointsoutof10onChina’spopularreviewsiteDouban.Justashisbooksinformreaders,he,himself,haslearnedfromhiswildanimalfriends.Forexample,heexplainsinthisbookhisexperiencewithcheetahs(獵豹).Hesaysalthoughthecheetahsareoneofthefastestanimalsonland,thebigcats’fastrunningabilityleadstoaweakerbiteforce.Asaresult,theyareactuallyoneofthe“weaker”animalsonthegrasslandcomparedwithothers,andtheirprey(獵物)isoftentakenawaybylionsandotherstrongeranimals.“Althoughit’srelativelyweak,itbehaveswithnosignofshynessorcomplaint,butalwaysseemsconfident,movingaroundinanunhurriedwayonthegrassland,livingitsbestlife.Thatissoattractivetome,andremindsmetolearnfromsuchanattitude(態(tài)度),”saysChen.25．Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopic?A．Bytellingastory. B．Byusingcomparison.C．Byaskingquestions. D．Bygivingsomefacts.26．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Chen’sexperiences. B．Chen’sthoughts. C．Chen’snewbook. D．Chen’spopularity.27．Whyarecheetahsmentionedinthispassage?A．ToshowwhatChencanlearnfromthem. B．Toprovethelawofthejungle.C．Toattractreaderstoreadthebook. D．Toexplainwhyitistheweakeranimals.28．WhatisTRUEaboutcheetahs?A．Theyhavestrongbiteforce. B．Theyrunsfastestonland.C．Theyarealwaysinahurry. D．Theyhavepositiveattitude.29．Whatkindoftextisthis?A．Abookintroduction.B．Ashortstory. C．Abookreview. D．Anewsreport.（2024·廣東深圳·三模）Whenwetouchsomethingwithourfingers,wecanfeelhowwarmorcolditis.However,mostwearersofprosthetichands(假肢)can’tfeelit.Tochangethat,agroupofscientistsinSwitzerlandhavedevelopedthe“MiniTouch”.TheMiniTouchcanbeeasilypairedwithaprosthetichand.Thewearerofthehandcanthenuseit.Firstly,itcollectsthermal(熱量)informationfromtheindexfingerofthehand.Theinformationisthensenttothenerves(神經(jīng))thatwereonceconnectedtothemissinghand.Thiscanhelpthewearertosensetemperatureindailylife.FabriziowasthefirsttotryouttheMiniTouch.TheItalianmanis57yearsold.Helosthisrighthand37yearsago.Foronetest,theteampreparedthreesimilarbottles.Theywerefilledwithcold(12℃),cool(24℃)orhotwater(40℃).WiththehelpoftheMiniTouch,Fabriziocouldquicklytellthedifferenceanddidn’tmakeanymistakes.Withoutit,heonlygot33%right.Inanothertest,hesortedsteelblocksaccordingtotheirtemperatures.TheMiniTouchhelpedhimtoget75%right.Thescientists’nextstepistoimprovetheirdevice.Theywantittobeabletosensetouchaswell.Thisway,itwilltelltheuser“thisissoftandhot”or“thisishardandcold”.AnothergoalistomaketheMiniTouchabletocollectthermalinformationfromfourotherfingers.“It’sallaboutgivingtheweareraricher,morenaturalsenseoftheworld,”saidMicera,oneofthescientists.30．WhydoscientistsdeveloptheMiniTouch?A．Totouchsomething. B．Tofeelthetemperature.C．Tohelpthedisabled. D．Tochangeprosthetichands.31．HowdoestheMiniTouchworkaccordingtoParagraph2?①Thewearersensesthetemperature.

②TheMiniTouchcollectsinformation.③ThedisabledpersonwearstheMiniTouch.

④Theindexfingersendsinformation.A．②③④① B．②①③④ C．③①②④ D．③②④①32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph3?A．Hisrighthand. B．TheMiniTouch.C．Coldwater. D．Thetemperature33．WhatdoweknowaboutFabrizio?A．FabriziocomesfromSwitzerland. B．Helosthishandsattheageof20.C．HehadtwotestsabouttheMiniTouch. D．Hecouldsortsteelblocksbyhimself.34．WhatisthegoalofthefutureMiniTouch?A．Tohelpthewearerstohavemoremoney. B．Tousefivefingerstocollectinformation.C．Totellthesenseofsightbyusingit. D．Tooffertheusersthetruersenseoftheworld.（2024·廣東深圳·三模）Bomin2000,HaoHaolosthislanguageabilitiessuddenlywhenhewas22monthsold.Autism(自閉癥)wasunder-recognizedinGuizhouatthattime,andZhao,hismother,hadtoaskforhelpinotherpartsofthecountry.In2002,HaoHaowasdiagnosed(診斷)withautism.Togainabetterunderstandingofautismandlearnaboutrehabilitationforautisticchildren,ZhaovisitedrehabilitationhospitalsandschoolsincitiessuchasBeijingandGuangzhou.AnexpertadvisedhertofoundacentreinGuizhouwherechildrenwithautismcouldlearnlocally,andwheretheirparentscouldhelponeanother.Soin2003,ZhaofoundedtheLovingHomeforChildrenSpecialEducationandRehabilitationCentre.ItisthefirstrehabilitationandtrainingcentreinGuizhoutoservechildrenwithautismandotherdevelopmentaldisorders.In2016,thecentrebeganprovidingservicestoadultswithautism.In2022,thecentremovedtoanewfour-storeybuilding,withthelocalgovernment’ssupportandmanypeopledonatingthingslikeofficesupplies,computers,tablesandchairs.Now,about300peoplewithautismarereceivingservicesatthecentreeveryday.Overtheyears,thecentrehascarriedouteducationpracticeswithover20kindergartens,primaryschoolsandhighschoolsinGuiyang.Overtheyears,the64-year-oldfounderandteacherhasprovidedsupporttomorethan7,000childrenwithautism.Shehasseenthedevelopmentoftheautisticcommunity,frombeingunder-recognizedtobeingincreasinglyunderstoodandaccepted,andshehasseenhowthecommunityisgainingmoresupportfrombroadersociety.35．WhenwasZhaoborn?A．In2000. B．In2002. C．In1960. D．In1970.36．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rehabilitation”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Rising. B．Recovery. C．Progress. D．Advancing37．WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A．TotellhowHaoHaosufferedfromautism. B．Tointroducethereasontofoundthecentre.C．ToshareZhao’sspecialexperience. D．Toreviewthebeginningofthecentre.38．Whatdoweknowaboutthecentre?A．Zhaofoundedthecentreandteachesthere. B．Thecentreonlyservestheautisticchildren.C．Thecentreprovidesservicejustforchildren. D．Thecentrehastosupportitselfalways.39．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aboyfightingagainstautism. B．Thedevelopmentofautism.C．Thelatestwaytocureautism D．Acentretohelpautismsufferers.（2024·廣東深圳·三模）①Itcanbereallyawkwardifsomeoneseesyoutalkingtoyourself.Butdon’tfeelbadaboutit!Talkingtoyourselfactuallyhasalotofbenefits.②Youprobablyknowthatthinkingisgoodforthebrain.Ithelpsusdothingslikemakingplansandmanagingourfeelings