山東省2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)透析解密13閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題講義+分層訓(xùn)練

解密13閱讀理解之細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)詳解考點(diǎn)詳解高考中細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題通常占閱讀理解題總數(shù)的一半以上。2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷考區(qū)及其他各考區(qū)的高考試題中考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解的題目占閱讀理解題目總數(shù)的55%左右。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一詳細(xì)事實(shí)和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是依據(jù)文章中的詳細(xì)信息如事實(shí)、例證、緣由、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中干脆找到答案，有些則須要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非推斷、圖形比較等。常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年這種題型較少；3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；4.以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識(shí)圖等提問。做細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏肯定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培育自己快速獲得信息的實(shí)力。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而經(jīng)?？蓪?shí)行“帶著問題找答案”的方法．先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地分辨和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中找尋與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句．細(xì)致品嘗，比照比較．確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用解除法．將“無此細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)解除。了解細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般狀況下，干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；（2）符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容；（3）與原文的內(nèi)容極其相像，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。有的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題只要干脆分辨不要求讀者對客觀的事實(shí)作出說明或推斷，只要求從閱讀材料中干脆獲得信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做推斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能夠精確而快速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，干脆得出答案，但要留意往往答案與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題就須要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲得信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的推斷．此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。值得一提的是，有時(shí)原文中的信息可能只是一個(gè)短語，甚至一個(gè)單詞，因此須要我們在閱讀中特殊細(xì)致才能捕獲到真正有用的信息。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題大致有如下幾種?？碱}型：題型一描寫類細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題描寫類細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題，經(jīng)?？疾榭忌鷮ξ闹杏嘘P(guān)人物動(dòng)作、思想感情、心理活動(dòng)、觀點(diǎn)，或事務(wù)的起因、發(fā)展、過程、結(jié)果等方面的理解。這類描寫信息往往較干脆，一般不太須要考生對它們進(jìn)行較深化的理解，對于該類題，考生一般都可以較干脆地從原文中找到與題目對應(yīng)的有關(guān)信息。(2024·全國卷IA)TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTranslinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduledtherecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusserviceLostproperty(失物招領(lǐng))CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(11)atRomaStreetstationPublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable.Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetostationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueenslandRailon131617Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsity7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsity8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeVarsity9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsity12:22am21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A.ca1l131617B.Visittranslink.com.atC.Askatthelocalstation.D.Checkthetrainschedule22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.AltandiC.VarsityLakes.23.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityA.6:42pm.B.7:29pm.C.8:57D.11:02語篇解讀:本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,文章介紹了來坐火車的相關(guān)信息21選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的其次句”Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalonorcall1l31230.”可知,答案選C。22選B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的其次句“ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)ntRomaStreetstation.”可知,答案選B。23.選B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中最終表格的內(nèi)容可知,從Central到VarsityLakes的列車的出發(fā)時(shí)間為晚上7:29。題型二信息找尋題、廣告閱讀題信息找尋題一般在應(yīng)用文體中較常見，體現(xiàn)于查字典、閱讀廣告、公告、演出海報(bào)、車船航班時(shí)辰表等之中。這類閱讀材料包含的某一方面的信息特別全面，能滿意各種人對信息的需求，但在高考試題中，經(jīng)常是就某一方面提問，考生完全沒有必要從頭到尾細(xì)致閱讀，因?yàn)椴牧现杏泻芏嗳哂酂o效信息。做此類題時(shí)，宜采納“題干定全法”。即：先閱讀題干，然后依據(jù)問題要求，有針對性地閱讀相關(guān)部分快速找尋有效信息。廣告是閱讀理解題?？嫉囊环N題材。廣告屬應(yīng)用文體。嚴(yán)格來說廣告屬快速找尋信息題。但是廣告有著其他快速找尋信息題不同的特點(diǎn)。廣告文體簡潔明快，省略了大量的詞語，達(dá)到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同時(shí)具有語言精練，形象性、鼓動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的良好效果。廣告閱讀題多為細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，關(guān)鍵在于正確理解廣告內(nèi)容。考生必需具備較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用實(shí)力，熟識(shí)文化背景，利用各種手段（如：補(bǔ)全、聯(lián)想、推想等）正確解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。通常運(yùn)用“補(bǔ)全成分法”和“聯(lián)想推想法”兩種方法來解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。做題方法同樣采納“題干定向法”。（1）補(bǔ)全成分法省略名在廣告體閱讀材料中大量出現(xiàn)，可以說廣告閱讀理解材料中大多數(shù)句子都是省略句。我們應(yīng)結(jié)合全文語境及邏輯關(guān)系將省略句補(bǔ)全，從而更加精確地理解。如：Driverwanted.依據(jù)文義，可將該句補(bǔ)充為：Adriverwillbewanted.(聘請一名司機(jī))。（2）聯(lián)想推想法在些廣告時(shí)間、日期、地點(diǎn)、電話、票價(jià)等用了縮略詞，甚至一概沒有提及，這就須要考生前后連貫，充分想象，整體理解。搜尋已知信息，推斷語篇意義。為節(jié)約篇幅，特殊是在商業(yè)廣告中，常運(yùn)用縮寫詞，盡管有些縮寫不太規(guī)范，但卻常用，常見的縮寫詞有：Tel.=telephonenumberPh.=phoneAdd(r).=addressco.=companyLtd=LimitedMax=maximumMin=minimumhr=hourt=timefig=figureft=footml=miledoz=dozenMt=MountainP=pageprof.=professorDr.=doctors=southn=northw=westSta=Stationpop=popularvs=versusXmas=Christmasinfo=informationVIP=veryimportantpersonshrs=hoursaft=afterad=advertisementp/t=parttimeexp=experiencedPC=personalcomputerMA=MasterofArtsBSdegree=bachelor'sdegree(學(xué)士學(xué)位)(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainHistory,Culture&Landscape(tX).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar-29Oct,SuntoThursTearoom,GardensGiftShop:10.30-17.00(16.00inOct)House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct).Town:PooleyBridge&.PenrithAbbotThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall'stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10.30-17.00Summer.10.30-16.00WinterTown:KendalTullieTullieDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromarttointeractivefun,sothereissomethingforeveryone!Open:HighSeason1Apr-31Oct:MontoSat10..00,Sun11.00-17.00LowSeasonINov-31Mar:MontoSat1000-16.30.Sun12.00-16.30Town:CarlisleDoveCottage&TheWordsworthDiscoverWilliamWordsworthsinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafe.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open:Daily,09.30-17.30(lastadmission17.00).Town:Grasmere2I.WhenistheHouseatDalemainA.09.30-17.30B.10.30-16.00C.11.15-16D.12.00-16.30.22.WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotAEnjoyRomney'sworksB.Havesomeinteractivefun.D.Learnthehistoryofafamily.C.Attendafamousfestival.23.WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth'slife?A.PenrithB.Kendal.C.Carlisle,D.Grasmere語篇解讀:本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了幾個(gè)湖區(qū)景點(diǎn),包括其營業(yè)時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)等21.選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題,依據(jù)DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens部分中的信息“Hose11.15-16.00(15.00inOct),”可知,答案選C22選A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)里解題,依據(jù)AbbotHallArtGallery&Museum部分中的信息“TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.”可知,游客可以在此處觀賞Romney的作品,故23.選D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題,依據(jù)DoveCottage&TheWordsworthMuseum部分中的信息“TownGrasmere”可知,假如游客想探究Wordsworth的生活可以去Grasmere,故選D題型三數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題此類試題一般要求考生能依據(jù)閱讀材料中給出的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，找出計(jì)算關(guān)系，通過計(jì)算，得出正確的結(jié)論。這類計(jì)算一般來說比較簡潔，關(guān)鍵是要弄清各數(shù)據(jù)間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準(zhǔn)比較的數(shù)據(jù)，弄清單位換算關(guān)系，確定計(jì)算方法，問題便迎刃而解了。對于數(shù)據(jù)較多、項(xiàng)目困難用時(shí)間或空間跨度較大的短文，通?？刹杉{“列表法”，即按肯定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門別類地列出，化模糊為清楚，為計(jì)算打下基礎(chǔ)。對于相對不太困難的數(shù)據(jù)，可采納“推算法”，即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行簡潔的運(yùn)算就可得出。(全國新高考A）POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpace6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文是一篇詩歌大賽的征稿啟事。文章就參賽作品的內(nèi)容、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、參賽規(guī)則等做了介紹。1.A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Prizes部分中第一段中的“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice”可知，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨伎梢詭б幻议L和另一名由獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哌x擇的人員。因此，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢詭蓚€(gè)人。故選A。題型四排序題這種試題要求考生依據(jù)事情發(fā)生的先后依次和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事務(wù)的正確依次。做此類題目可采納＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一個(gè)事務(wù)和最終一個(gè)事務(wù)，這樣可以快速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速找到答案。閱讀理解的文章假如是記敘文，排序題通常以事務(wù)發(fā)生的時(shí)間為線索；假如是說明文，排序題通常以說明的先后依次為線索；假如是爭論文，排序題通常以邏輯依次為線索。從近幾年高考試題來看，這類試題主要出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中。題型五圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題此類試題要求依據(jù)短文中的描寫找出相應(yīng)的圖形，或依據(jù)圖形選出相應(yīng)的文字?？刹杉{“文字鎖定法”，即找出描述圖形的句段，按“文”鎖“圖”，快速鎖定相關(guān)圖形，或用“圖形標(biāo)示法”，在圖形中標(biāo)出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，以便做題。TheHomeofMyPeopleWhenLewisandClarksteppedontotheWeippePrairieinpresent-dayIdahoinSeptember1808,theymettheNezPerceIndians.Inthefollowingyears,thewhiteexplorers（探險(xiǎn)者）begantofightwiththeIndiansfortheirland.SomeNezPercechiefssignedagreementswiththeU.S.government,sellingpartoftheirlands.Butthegovernmentalwaysbrokethoseagreementsanddemandedmoreland.Otherchiefsrefusedtogoalongwiththegovernment’splans.ThemostfamouswasChiefJoseph,whosepeoplelivedintheWallowaValley（present-dayOregon）.“Inordertohaveallpeopleunderstandhowmuchlandweowned,”heonceexplained,“myfatherplantedpolesarounditandsaid:‘Insideisthehomeofmypeople…Itcircledaroundthegraves（墳?zāi)梗﹐fourfathers,andwewillnevergiveupthesegravestoanyman.’”Butin1874,theU.S.governmentdeclaredthevalleyopenforwhitesettlementandorderedtheNezPerceontoareservation（保留地）.Seeingthatresistancewasuseless,ChiefJosephagreedtomove.Later,fightingbrokeoutbetweentheNezPerceandU.S.soldiers.ChiefJosephtriedtoleadhispeopletoCanada,winningseveralbattlesagainstthesoldiersduringtheirflight.Butfinally,hewasforcedtogivein.1.Whichhistoricsite（onthemap）liesinthesouthoftoday’sNezPerceReservation?A.BuffaloEddy. B.DugBar.C.JosephCanyonViewpoint.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNezPercelandsfromthemap?A.TheywereinthestateofOregon.B.Theyhavebecomeahistoricsite.C.Theyhavebecomemuchsmaller.D.TheywerelimitedtotheWallowa【答案與解析】1.D此題考查學(xué)生的圖示理解實(shí)力。首先要找到并標(biāo)出現(xiàn)在NezPerceReservation所在的位置，然后找到它以南的歷史景點(diǎn)。可以看到ChiefLookingGlasscamp位于NezPerceReservation的南部。2.C從地圖中我們可以看到，NezPerce原先所擁有的土地比現(xiàn)在NezPerce保留區(qū)的位置大多了。6．代詞指代題解題技能代詞指代題要求考生肯定的上下文推想代詞的指代意義。此類題一般是在人物或事物關(guān)系比較困難的狀況下運(yùn)用的一種題型，所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在。（全國新高考C篇）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【答案】【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講解并描述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個(gè)快速視察。9.D。詞句揣測題。劃線句是其次段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代第一段的內(nèi)容，依據(jù)第一段最終一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(幾年后，仍舊被這個(gè)國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消逝的文章這件事，故選D。檢測訓(xùn)練檢測訓(xùn)練題組一真題在線Passage1（2024·全國新課標(biāo)卷=2\*ROMANII·A）TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainHistory,Culture&Landscape(景觀).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar-29Oct，SuntoThurs.Tearoom，Gardens&GiftShop:10.30-17.00(16.00inOct).House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct)Town:PooleyBridge&PenrithAbbotHallartGallery&MuseumThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall’stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10.30-17.00Sumner.10.30-16.00Winter.Town:KendalTullieHouseMuseum&ArtGalleryDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromfinearttointeractivefun,sothere’ssomethingforeveryone!Open:HighSeason1Apr–31Oct:MontoSat10.00–17.00,Sun11.00–17.00.LowSeason1Nov–31Mar:MontoSat10.00–16.30,Sun12.00–16.30.Town:CarlisleDoveCottage&ThewordsworthMuseumDiscoverWilliamWordsworth’sinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafé.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open:Daily,09.30–17.30(lastadmission17.00).Town:Grasmere1.WhenistheHouseatDalemainA.09.30-17.30. B.10.30-16.00. C.11.15-16.00. D.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotA.EnjoyRonney’sworks.B.Havesomeinteractivefun.C.Attendafamousfestival.D.Learnthehistoryofafamily3.WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth’slife?A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。是湖區(qū)景點(diǎn)指南，介紹了幾個(gè)主要的景點(diǎn)的特色，地點(diǎn)和參觀時(shí)間。21.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干中的DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens可知定位在第一部分，依據(jù)段中的House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的參觀時(shí)間是11:15-16:00。C.11:15-16:00.符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。22.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干中的AbbotHallArtGallery&Museum可知答案定位在其次部分，依據(jù)其中的TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.(令人印象深刻的永久性保藏包括特納和羅姆尼，臨時(shí)展覽支配有卡納萊托和來自圣艾夫斯的藝術(shù)家)可知，在這個(gè)博物館可以觀賞到Romneys的作品。A.EnjoyRomney'sworks.(觀賞Romneys的作品)符合以上說法，故選A項(xiàng)。23.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干中的exploreWordsworth'slife可知答案定位在最終一部分第一句，以及最終一行Town:Grasmere可知，假如想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D.Grasmere.符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。Passage2（2024·全國新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ·B）JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(犧牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.''Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,''shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?A.Totakecareofherkidseasily. B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents. D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth. B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?A.Timeismoney. B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff. D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了Jennifer在家里不能供應(yīng)高校教化的狀況下，通過自己的努力，以及家人的幫助完成了四年學(xué)位。她的努力不僅讓自己以優(yōu)異的成果畢業(yè)，還給家人，尤其是她的三個(gè)孩子樹立了榜樣，讓他們得到了激勵(lì)。4.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(中學(xué)畢業(yè)后，Jennifer上了一所當(dāng)?shù)氐募夹g(shù)學(xué)院來支付她的學(xué)費(fèi)，因?yàn)榧依餂]有額外的錢用來支付高校教化)可知，中學(xué)畢業(yè)后Jennifer通過自己掙錢來完成高校教學(xué)，因?yàn)榧依餂]有額外的錢。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.(她自食其力讀完了高校)符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。5.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.(她選擇了位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)樗梢栽陔x家近的地方攻讀四年的學(xué)位。她可以開車去上課，晚上可以回家照看孩子)可知，Jennifer選擇位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項(xiàng)目是因?yàn)殡x家近，這樣便于照看她的三個(gè)孩子。A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.(為了便利照看她的孩子)符合以上說法，故選A項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.(Jennifer為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)犧牲了很多，她放棄了很多個(gè)和孩子待在一起的晚上，錯(cuò)過了很多重要的活動(dòng))可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)Jennifer放棄了和家人待在一起的時(shí)間。B.Hertimewithfamily.(她與家人的時(shí)間)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。7.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.(雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)了這些，但她始終保持著良好的學(xué)術(shù)地位，并以優(yōu)異的成果畢業(yè))和However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat’stheprettypowerful.(然而，她的孩子們在見證母親獲得學(xué)位的過程中得到了重要的一課。Jennifer是第一代畢業(yè)生，這對她的家庭來說是一種激勵(lì)--這是特別強(qiáng)大的。)可知，Jennifer在艱苦的環(huán)境中通過自己的努力不僅以優(yōu)異的成果畢業(yè)，還給孩子樹立了榜樣，同時(shí)也讓家人得到了激勵(lì)。由此推想，我們可以從Jennifer的故事中學(xué)到:努力總會(huì)有回報(bào)。C.Hardworkpaysoff.(努力會(huì)得到回報(bào))符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。Passage2（2024·全國新課標(biāo)卷Ш·C）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨(dú)),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.8.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.9.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.10.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了在英國，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。8.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥房和客廳。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中運(yùn)用一樓。故選B項(xiàng)。9.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來看，一切都很順當(dāng)。我舉薦它嗎?是的，我想我會(huì)舉薦在一起居住的。”由此推斷出，尼克對和和岳母合住房子的看法是主動(dòng)的。故選A項(xiàng)。10.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報(bào)告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的32.5萬戶增加到2013年的41.9萬戶。依據(jù)第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，據(jù)說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)估計(jì)，英國多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬。由此可知，作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。11.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其依據(jù)第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨(dú)),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關(guān)于英國生活方式的一種上升趨勢。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage4（2024·江蘇·B）Sometimesit’shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry’spast-age-oldcastles,splendidhomes…andredphoneboxes.Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards(廢品場),thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillatormachines(除顫器).Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.TheyweredesignedbyGilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.Aboutthattime,TonyInglis’engineeringandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephoneboxesfromthestreetsandsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.Hesaidthathehadheardthecallstopreservetheboxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole.Localorganizationscanadoptthemforlpound,andinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.Othersalsolookedatthephoneboxesandsawbusinessopportunities.LoveFone,acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2024.Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.Hesaidthatoneoftheboxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400torent.Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast.I“l(fā)ikewhattheyaretopeople,andIenjoybringingthingsback,”hesaid.12.Thephoneboxesaremakingacomeback______.A.toformabeautifulsightofthecityB.toimprovetelecommunicationsservicesC.toremindpeopleofahistoricalperiodD.tomeettherequirementofgreeneconomy13.Whydidthephoneboxesbegintogooutofserviceinthe1980s?A.Theywerenotwel