統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習板塊5從句和句式的運用第2講定語從句教師用書教案新人教版

PAGE第2講定語從句[前沿最新動態(tài)]題型高考典題試做命題角度解讀語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.3．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The80，000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759．4．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.1．考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞；2．考查定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞。短文改錯1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.what→which2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.what→that3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.where→when4．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.which→where或which前加in1．關(guān)系代詞的缺失；2．關(guān)系副詞的錯用；3．關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的錯用；4．關(guān)系代詞前介詞的缺失?？键c一關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·哈爾濱調(diào)研)Badalingisthemostfamousofthefivesectionswhich/thatliesnearBeijingandcanbeaccessedeasily.2．(2024·四平模擬)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewho/thataretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.3．(2024·北戴河聯(lián)考)Whentravelling,wewillenjoyourselvesandlearnsomethingfromtheexploration，whichattractsmeverymuch.4．(2024·石家莊模擬)AsisoftenthecaseinChina,foreignfirmswillfacebigbarriers.5．(2024·太原三模)AnyonewhoiscaughtprovidingfoodforSanFrancisco'spigeonscouldfaceaheavyfine.6．(2024·濟寧聯(lián)考)Mr.Liuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedwithonthebus.7．(2024·秦皇島模擬)Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfootwillgainweightquickly.Ⅱ.單句改錯8．(2024·南充市統(tǒng)考)ThesongIsangwasCountryRoad,thatisaveryfamouspieceofAmericancountrymusic.that→which9．(2024·衡水中學聯(lián)考)Hearingmystory,theheadteacher,thatwasgivinghislecture,praisedmebeforeallthestudents.that→who10．(2024·邯鄲市模擬)Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wherewasverykindofhim.where→which[要點解讀]1．關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語、狀語whose人或物定語as人或物主語、賓語、表語Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewastenyearsago.她已不再是10年前的她了。Ihatetheway(that)shealwayscriticizesme.我厭煩她一貫指責我的方式。Heisadoctor，aswashiswifebeforeshehadchildren.他是醫(yī)生，他妻子生兒育女之前也是。2．that和which的用法區(qū)分只用that的狀況先行詞是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代詞時先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，all等修飾時先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時先行詞既有人又有物時只用which的狀況引導非限制性定語從句時(逗號隔開時)關(guān)系代詞指物，且前有介詞時ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中國》有著全球的讀者群，這說明全球越來越多的人想要了解中國。3．a(chǎn)s和which的區(qū)分asas引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常譯為“正如……，正像……”。從句的謂語動詞多為see，know，expect，say，mention，report等whichwhich引導非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個句子時，只能置于主句后，常譯為“這一點，這件事”等，which引導的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老話說的那樣：“人不行貌相”。[易錯提示]as用在限制性定語從句中時，先行詞必需有such，so或thesame等修飾，且as在從句中作賓語時不能省略?？键c二關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·吉林省吉大附中模擬)Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldpeoplewhentheyswaminit.2．(2024·曲阜師大附中模擬)Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.3．(2024·威海模擬)IsthistheschoolwheresomeGermanfriendswentlastweek?Ⅱ.單句改錯4．(2024·錦州八縣市一中聯(lián)考)OccasionsarequiterarewhereIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids. where→when5．(2024·黃島區(qū)聯(lián)考)TheSongofChinahassetupastagewhichsomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams. which→where6．(2024·大同模擬)Cheerup!Everyonemayhaveperiodsintheirlivesthateverythingseemstough. that→when[要點解讀]關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的作用when時間名詞時間狀語where地點名詞或抽象名詞(situation，point，case，position，stage等)地點狀語whythereason緣由狀語Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下周，屆時天氣可能會更好。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.學生們應(yīng)當參與社團活動，在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的閱歷。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天沒參與會議的緣由嗎？考點三“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·棗莊模擬)MichelCroz,withwhosehelpDaisypassedtheexam,wasoneofthestraightAstudentsoftheschool.2．(2024·淄博張店聯(lián)考)Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.3．(2024·三亞月考)LiLei,forwhomEnglishwasoncedifficult,canspeakEnglishfluentlyasthoughhewereanativespeaker.Ⅱ.單句改錯4．(2024·保定模擬)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook，whichtherearemanycartoons. which→where或which前加in[要點解讀]1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which、whom，且不能省略。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些專家認為閱讀是學校教化所依靠的基本技能。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日2．“名詞/不定代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級或最高級＋of＋which/whom”引導的定語從句，表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheorieswhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科學家們提出了許多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時流淚的理論，這些理論尚未得到證明。Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell-educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.許多年輕人都去了偏遠地區(qū)追求自己的幻想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教化。3．在非限制性定語從句中，whose修飾物時可以換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”；修飾人時，可以換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhom”。Thenewly-builtcafé，thewallsofwhich(＝whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.這家新建成的咖啡館，墻被刷成了淺綠色，對我們來說，真是一個寧靜的地方，特殊是在辛苦工作后?！炯挤c撥】在語法填空中：1．首先找準先行詞[有的定語從句并不緊跟在先行詞后面，見考點二(題組試做)1、4、6題]，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)從句所缺的成分確定關(guān)系詞的運用。(1)假如缺少主、賓、表作定語，需用關(guān)系代詞；假如缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。(2)確定所缺成分之后，再看先行詞是人還是物，是表示時間的名詞還是表示地點的名詞，是reason還是way等，從而最終確定答案。2．若先行詞指人，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句中關(guān)系代詞用whom，若指物，則用which。牢記that與which,as與which的區(qū)分。在短文改錯中：1．首先識別該句是否為定語從句，然后依據(jù)先行詞的性質(zhì)，推斷關(guān)系詞的運用是否正確或缺失，并予以改正或添加。2．依據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分來推斷關(guān)系詞的運用是否正確。作主、賓、表語用which/that/who/whom/as；作定語用whose；作狀語用when/where/why；作介詞賓語用which/whom。3．推斷定語從句是非限制性定語從句還是限制性定語從句，從而推斷句中關(guān)系詞的運用是否正確。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Inourfactorythereare2，000workers,twothirdsof________arewomen.whom[twothirdsofwhom即twothirdsofthe2，000workers。關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語，因此用賓格whom。]2．Afootballfanisaperson________hasastronginterestinfootball.who/that[句意：足球迷是對足球有劇烈愛好的人。分析句子成分可知，此處引導定語從句，從句中缺少主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞，指人可用who/that。]3．Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?whose[此處引導定語從句，先行詞為anyone。whose引導定語從句，在從句中作主語family的定語。]4．Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers.when[句意：我恒久也不會遺忘和農(nóng)夫們一起住在農(nóng)場的那些年。years是表示時間的名詞，且從句中不缺少主語和賓語，故用when引導定語從句，when在從句中作時間狀語。]5．Weallknowthatthisisthesecondbook________hehaseverwritten.that[句意：我們都知道這是他寫過的其次本書。當先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時，要用that引導定語從句。]6．________isoftenthecaseinIndia,foreignfirmswillfacebigbarriers.As[此處為as引導的非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語，指代逗號后面整個主句的內(nèi)容。]7．Itissuchagoodbook________Iwanttobuyimmediately.as[依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句含有一個限制性定語從句。先行詞為agoodbook，并且從句中缺少賓語，又由于先行詞被such修飾，故關(guān)系代詞只能用as。]8．Ourlifehasreachedthestage________weshoulddecidewhattodoandhowtodoitbyourselves.where[句意：我們的人生已經(jīng)走到了應(yīng)當獨立確定該做什么和如何去做的階段了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句中含有一個定語從句。先行詞thestage作為抽象地點，并且從句中缺少地點狀語，因此應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。]Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Westillrememberthedaysonwhichwespentintheoldhouse. ________刪除on[關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作spent的賓語，因此刪除介詞on。]2．Nancyenjoyedherselfverymuchlastweek，whereshevisitedherfriendsinSydney. ________where→when[先行詞lastweek是表示時間的名詞，且定語從句中缺少時間狀語，因此用關(guān)系副詞when來引導定語從句。]3．Thescientistwhosetheworkissuccessfulhasbeenmadeamodelworker. ________刪除the[該定語從句中名詞work前缺少定語，故用whose引導該定語從句。whose與the不能同時運用，故刪除the。]4．Theytalkedforaboutanhourofincidents,mostofthemhappenedrecently. ________them→which[兩個句子之間沒有連詞連接，應(yīng)當把代詞them改為具有連接作用的關(guān)系代詞。介詞of后指物的關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。]5．Thatday,whatIamlookingforwardto,isaroundthecorner. ________what→which[本句中含有一個非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語且先行詞是thatday，因此用關(guān)系代詞which。what不能引導定語從句。]Ⅰ.語法填空(2024·河南省八市重點中學聯(lián)考)Thetomatoisanutrient-densesuper-foodthatoffersbenefitstoarangeofbodilysystems.Itsnutritionalcontentsupports1．________(health)skin,weightlossandhearthealth.Despitebotanically2．________(be)afruit,it'sgenerallyeatenandpreparedlikeavegetable.Tomatoesarethemajordietarysourceoftheantioxidantlycopene,3．________canreducetheriskofheartdiseaseandcancer.TheyarealsoagreatsourceofvitaminC,potassium,foliate,andvitaminK.Usuallyredwhenmature,tomatoescomeina4．________(various)ofcolors,includingyellow,orange,green,andpurple.Generallyspeaking,cookedtomatoesare5．________convenienttonutrientabsorptionthanrawtomatoes.However,itisnotappropriate6．________(heat)tomatoesathightemperaturesforalongtime.Tomatoescanbepreparedindifferentways.InChinesecuisine,tomatoesare7．________(frequent)usedasagarish(裝飾物),addingarefreshingsour-sweetflavor8．________meatydishes.OneofthemosttraditionalChinese9．________(example)ofhome-stylecooking,scrambledeggs(炒蛋)withtomatoes,10．________(reflect)howmuchChinesepeopleenjoythisjuicy,savoryfruit.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。向我們介紹了西紅柿的養(yǎng)分價值以及在中國的食用方法。1．healthy[修飾名詞skin，應(yīng)用形容詞。故填healthy。]2．being[此處是動名詞作介詞despite的賓語。]3．which[引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，指物。故填which。]4．variety[考查固定搭配，avarietyof“各種各樣的”。]5．more[考查比較級，more...than是固定用法。故填more。]6．toheat[本句為it作形式主語，不定式作真正的主語。故填toheat。]7．frequently[用副詞修飾動詞used。]8．to[add...to“將……加入到”，為固定短語。]9．examples[oneof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“……其中之一”。]10．reflects[oneof...作主語，為第三人稱，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。]Ⅱ.短文改錯(2024·德興市模擬考試)NowadaysinChina,eitherinthemorningnorafterdinner,people,especialelderlywomen,gatherinsquarestodancetopopularmusic.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearealsoparticipatingthesquaredancenow.Therearemanyreasonsfortheirpopularity.Firstofall,Chinahasmadeagreatprogressinthes