浙江省湖州、麗水、衢州三地市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月一模英語試題 含解析

湖州、衢州、麗水2024年11月三地市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測試卷高三英語本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）。第I卷1至8頁，第II卷9至10頁。第Ⅰ卷注意事項：1．答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdidMartindoyesterday?A.Hewenttoabeach.B.Hehadlunchatacafé.C.Hevisitedamuseum.2.HowwillthemangettoShanghai?A.Bytrain.B.Byplane.C.Bycar.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestmando？A.Avoideatingmeat.B.Havemorebeans.C.Eatlessrice.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Relatives.C.Co-workers.5.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Shocked.B.Relieved.C.Embarrassed.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6Wheredidthetwinsmeet?A.InSpringfield.B.InChicago.C.InSeattle.7.HowmuchtimedidMs.Whitespendlookingforhersister?A.Fouryears.B.Forty-fiveyears.C.Amonth.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howmanybookscanastudentborrowatmosteachday?A.Ten.B.Five.C.Three.9.Whycan’ttheboyborrowthebooksnow?A.Hedoesn’thavehisstudentIDcardwithhim.B.Hehasbeenfinedbythelibrarybefore.C.Hehasnotreturnedtheoverduebook.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheboydo?A.Paythefinenow.B.Copywhatheneeds.C.Makeacalltohisfriend.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whendidthewomanstartdrawingonstones?A.Aboutfouryearsago.B.Aboutfourmonthsago.C.Whenshewasfour.12.Whatisspecialaboutthewoman’spaintings?A.They’reaboutsceneries.B.Theycontainlittledetail.C.Someofthemarelarge.13.Whydidthewomandrawonstones?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.TobefamousontheInternet.C.Toimproveherpaintingskills.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WherewasAnniebornprobably?A.InItaly.B.InFrance.C.InPortugal.15.WhatisdifficultforAnnietolearnaboutSpanish?A.Itswriting.B.Itsgrammar.C.Itspronunciation.16.WhatisMr.Johnson’sopinionofAnnie?A.Sheisfallingbehind.B.Sheisperformingaverage.C.Sheisdoingwell.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatwastheresultofthefire?A.Manypeoplewereinjured.B.Manyfactoriesweredestroyed.C.Around10,000peoplewerehomeless.18.WhatdopeopleinMirpurmainlydotomakealiving?A.Makeclothing.B.Produceplastic.C.Sellwoods.19.Whatmadethefirefighters’workmoredifficult?A.Thehotweather.B.Thelackofwater.C.Theterribletraffic.20.Wherearethehomelesspeoplenow?A.Onthestreet.B.Atnearbyschools.C.Inafactory.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheInternationalStudentHub(I-Hub)isacentralizedandcomprehensivecenterforNewYorkUniversity’sinternationalstudentcommunity.HerearesomeactivitiesprovidedbyI-Hubfornewinternationalstudents.IkeaTripforNewInternationalStudentsTuesday,August20th|1:00PM-4:00PMMeetupwithothernewinternationalgraduatestudentstotakepublictransportationtotheIKEAinBrooklyn.WewillleavefromTandon’sBrooklyncampusat1:00pmandtaketheMTAbustoIKEA.OncewearriveatIKEA,youwillbefreetoshopaslongasyouwouldlike.ManhattanGroceryStoreHoppingWednesday,August21st|11:00AM-12:30PMStillmissingdailyessentialsbutnotsurewheretobuythem?JoinusonatripandvisitgrocerystoresaroundtheWashingtonSquarecampuswithothernewinternationalstudents!Getinsidertipsonhowtostayunderbudgetwhenshoppingandwheretofindthebestdeals.FantasticNightinConeyIslandFriday,August23rd|7:00PM-10:00PMLookingforafunandauthenticAmericanexperience?JoinfellowinternationalstudentsattheBrooklynCyclonesbaseballgame!It’stheperfectwaytospendanevening–cheeringwithpassionateaudienceandsoakingupthelivelyatmosphereatMaimonidesPark.Therewillalsobeafireworksshow!DiscoverNY:ChinatownSunday,August25th|11:00AM-1:00PMJoinusforawalkingtouraroundChinatown!Comeandexperiencetherichcultureofthehistoricneighborhoodandsampleawideselectionofcheapeats.Ontheway,you’llalsofindoutaboutlocationattractions,tipsonwheretobuygroceries,andmore!1.WhatcanstudentsdoinManhattanGroceryStoreHopping?A.TaketheMTAbus. B.Tastecheapeats.C.Watchafireworksshow. D.Getadviceonpurchase.2.Whichactivitywillappealtoasportsfan?A.DiscoverNY:Chinatown. B.FantasticNightinConeyIsland.C.ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping. D.IkeaTripforNewInternationalStudents.3.Whatdothefouractivitieshaveincommon?A.Theyoffershoppingexperiencestostudents.B.Theyrequirestudentstotakepublictransport.C.TheyenablestudentstolearnChineseculture.D.Theyaredesignedfornewinternationalstudents.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章詳細(xì)列出了國際學(xué)生中心（I-Hub）為新生國際學(xué)生提供的幾項具體活動，包括活動的日期、時間、內(nèi)容以及參與方式等信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping部分中的“Stillmissingdailyessentialsbutnotsurewheretobuythem?JoinusonatripandvisitgrocerystoresaroundtheWashingtonSquarecampuswithothernewinternationalstudents!Getinsidertipsonhowtostayunderbudgetwhenshoppingandwheretofindthebestdeals.(還在為缺少日常必需品而煩惱，但不知道去哪里買嗎？加入我們的旅程，與其他新生國際學(xué)生一起參觀華盛頓廣場校區(qū)周圍的雜貨店！獲取購物時如何節(jié)省預(yù)算的內(nèi)幕秘訣，以及哪里能找到最優(yōu)惠的價格。)”可知，在ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping活動中，學(xué)生可以與其他新生國際學(xué)生一起參觀雜貨店，并獲取購物時如何節(jié)省預(yù)算的內(nèi)幕秘訣，以及哪里能找到最優(yōu)惠的價格，即獲得購買建議。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章FantasticNightinConeyIsland部分中的“JoinfellowinternationalstudentsattheBrooklynCyclonesbaseballgame!It’stheperfectwaytospendanevening–cheeringwithpassionateaudienceandsoakingupthelivelyatmosphereatMaimonidesPark.Therewillalsobeafireworksshow!(加入其他國際學(xué)生，一起觀看布魯克林旋風(fēng)隊的棒球比賽！這是度過一個夜晚的完美方式——與熱情的觀眾一起歡呼，盡情享受梅蒙尼德斯公園里的熱鬧氛圍。還將有煙花表演！)”可知，在ConeyIsland的活動中提到了觀看布魯克林旋風(fēng)隊的棒球比賽，這是體育迷會感興趣的活動。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheInternationalStudentHub(I-Hub)isacentralizedandcomprehensivecenterforNewYorkUniversity’sinternationalstudentcommunity.HerearesomeactivitiesprovidedbyI-Hubfornewinternationalstudents.(國際學(xué)生中心（I-Hub）是紐約大學(xué)國際學(xué)生社區(qū)的集中且全面的服務(wù)中心。以下是I-Hub為新生國際學(xué)生提供的一些活動。)”可知，這些活動是由I-Hub為新生國際學(xué)生提供的。因此，這四個活動的共同點(diǎn)是它們都是為新生國際學(xué)生設(shè)計的。故選D。BIswitchedtoaflipphone(翻蓋手機(jī)).Itvastlyimprovedmylife.IfeltemptyandfrustratedathowmuchtimeIspentonmysmartphone.SoIspentthelastfiveyearssteadilystrippingmyphonedowntothebasics.Socialmediawasthefirsttogo,thenemail,thennewsapps,andtheneveninternetbrowsers.Ilongconsideredswitchingtoaflipphone,butIalwaysfoundanexcusetostay.Ultimatelyitwastwoofmystudents,15-and18-year-oldsisters,whopushedmeovertheedge.Wordspreadaroundschoolthattheyhadboughtflipphones.Iftheywerebraveenoughtotaketheplunge,Icould,too.Ispent$9onaflipphone,plus$120forayearofunlimitedtalkandtextonanewnumber.Forthelastfivemonths,Ihaven’tcarriedasmartphonewithme,justmyflipphone.Thisisthecharming,romanticsideofowningaflipphone:moreconversations,moreeyecontact,moreconnection.Theseparationbetweenworkandlifeismuchmorenoticeable.Idon’toverthinkworkemailsallday,sinceInolongercarrymyworkemailinmypocket.Iamlivingmorelikemycreative,curious,phone-freechildren.Thisallsoundswonderfulbecauseitiswonderful.Andnowit’sconfessiontime:Istillhavemysmartphone.Asitturnsout,ouraddictiontosmartphonesisnotjustonanindividuallevel.Intentionallyornot,wehavebuiltstructuresthatdependuponsmartphoneaccess,makingitanessentialfeatureofmodernlife.Whilemostoftheflipphoneinconveniencesarecharming,someofthemaresofrustratingthattheymakeyouwanttopullyourhairout.Despitethat,IwillcontinuetouseaflipphoneasmyprimaryphonesoIdon’thavetocarryasmartphonewithme.AndIwillcontinuetoevangelizeforit.Ihopemanyothersgetflipphones.Wewillallbebetterforit.Ifnothingelse,it’llbenicetohavemorepeopletotalktointhegroceryline.4.Whatdrovetheauthortoswitchtoaflipphone?A.Disturbanceofsocialmedia.B.Overspenttimeonhissmartphone.C.Inspirationfromhisstudents.D.Negativefeelingstosmartphones.5.Whathappenedaftertheauthorusedaflipphone?A.Hegotlessworkassignments.B.Hehadmoreinteractionwithpeople.C.Hespentmoretimewithhischildren.D.Helivedamoreromanticlife.6.Whyisitdifficulttostopusingsmartphonescompletelynowadays?A.Theyserveasavitaltool.B.Theymakepeopleoverthink.C.Theyrepresentthemodernlife.D.Theybringpeoplemanyprofits.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toadvisereaderstouseaflipphone.B.Toadvocatelivingwithoutasmartphone.C.Toinformreadersofaflipphone’sadvantages.D.Tostressthedisadvantagesofhavingasmartphone.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者通過分享自己換成翻蓋手機(jī)的經(jīng)歷，表達(dá)了對現(xiàn)代科技生活方式的反思和對更簡單、更專注于人際交往的生活方式的向往?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ultimatelyitwastwoofmystudents,15-and18-year-oldsisters,whopushedmeovertheedge.Wordspreadaroundschoolthattheyhadboughtflipphones.Iftheywerebraveenoughtotaketheplunge,Icould,too.(最終，是我的兩名學(xué)生，一對15歲和18歲的姐妹，讓我下定了決心。學(xué)校里傳言她們買了翻蓋手機(jī)。如果她們有足夠的勇氣邁出這一步，我也可以。)”可知，作者兩個學(xué)生買了翻蓋手機(jī)這件事促使作者換成了翻蓋手機(jī)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thisisthecharming,romanticsideofowningaflipphone:moreconversations,moreeyecontact,moreconnection.(擁有翻蓋手機(jī)有著迷人且浪漫的一面：更多的交談，更多的眼神交流，更多的聯(lián)系。)”可知，作者在使用翻蓋手機(jī)后有了更多的交談、眼神交流和聯(lián)系，說明他與人的互動增多了。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Intentionallyornot,wehavebuiltstructuresthatdependuponsmartphoneaccess,makingitanessentialfeatureofmodernlife.(無論有意還是無意，我們已經(jīng)建立起了依賴智能手機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)，使其成為現(xiàn)代生活不可或缺的一部分。)”可知，智能手機(jī)現(xiàn)在是一個重要的工具，因此完全停止使用智能手機(jī)是很困難的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Despitethat,IwillcontinuetouseaflipphoneasmyprimaryphonesoIdon’thavetocarryasmartphonewithme.AndIwillcontinuetoevangelizeforit.Ihopemanyothersgetflipphones.Wewillallbebetterforit.(盡管如此，我還是會繼續(xù)把翻蓋手機(jī)當(dāng)作主力手機(jī)使用，這樣我就不用隨身攜帶智能手機(jī)了。我會繼續(xù)為它代言。我希望更多人使用翻蓋手機(jī)。這對我們所有人都有好處。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中分享了自己換成翻蓋手機(jī)的經(jīng)歷，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種手機(jī)的好處，如更多的交談、眼神交流和聯(lián)系等。最后，作者表示將繼續(xù)使用翻蓋手機(jī)，并希望更多人也能使用翻蓋手機(jī)。因此，作者的目的是建議讀者使用翻蓋手機(jī)。故選A。CTheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?By2050,London’sweathercouldresemblethatofBarcelona,withlongstretchesofsummerdrought.Theseancienttreeswerenotdesignedtothriveinsuchconditions.Aroundtheworld,millionsofcreaturesfacingunprecedentedtemperaturesandhabitatlossareonthemove.Wedonottendtothinkoftreesasmigratory:theyareslow-growingandrootedtotheground.Facedwiththisproblem,theecologistCharlieGardnerisoneofagrowingnumberproposingaradical,controversialsolution:wehelpthetreesontheirmarch.Somescientistsadvocatemovingindividualspecieshundredsofkilo-metresnorth,withinthecountryandfromabroad.Otherssayentireecosystemsshouldbetrans-located,movingmultiplespeciesatonce.The“assistedmigration”isdivisive.Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤銷),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.Allenbelievesweshouldprioritisehelpingnativetreesadapttochangesbyencouragingnaturalregeneration,expandingandconnectingexistingwoodlands.Butotherssaythoseargumentsfailtodealwithspeedorsizeofchangecausedbytheclimatecrisis.“Earlierinmycareerthenarrativewasallaboutrestoringpastbaselines,andthen,asIgotmoreindependentinmyresearch,Irealisedthat’simpossible.Wearechangingtheclimatesomuch,sowehavetobealittlemoreinventive.Whenwehaveexamplesofassistedmigration,it’softenwithspecieswhichareabsolutelyontheedgeofextinctionandhaverunoutofotheroptions,”saidSarahDalrymple,aconservationecologistfromLiverpoolUniversity,whoispartofthetaskforce.Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”8.WhatistheproblemfacingancienttreesinLondon?A.Longsummer. B.Habitatdestruction.C.Extremeweather. D.Slowgrowth.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayAndrewAllenagreewith?A.Large-scalemovingofecosystemsisimpossible.B.Assistedmigrationmaycontributetobadresults.C.Non-nativespeciesarebeneficialtoecosystems.D.Nativespeciescansurvivechangesbythemselves.10.WhatdoesSarahDalrympleurgepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Stopchangingtheclimate.B.Havemoreoptionstohelpspecies.C.Helpnativetreestoadapttoclimatechanges.D.Takeactionearliertopreventspecies’extinction.11.Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardsassistedmigration?A.Supportive. B.Cautious. C.Objective. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了關(guān)于古樹未來生存問題的爭議，包括是否應(yīng)該通過輔助遷移來幫助古樹應(yīng)對氣候變化帶來的挑戰(zhàn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“By2050,London’sweathercouldresemblethatofBarcelona,withlongstretchesofsummerdrought.Theseancienttreeswerenotdesignedtothriveinsuchconditions.(到2050年，倫敦的天氣可能會像巴塞羅那一樣，夏季干旱會持續(xù)很長時間。這些古樹本來就不適合在這樣的條件下茁壯成長。)”可知，倫敦的古樹面臨的問題是極端天氣。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤銷),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.(自然資源保護(hù)主義者長期以來一直反對引進(jìn)非本地物種。他們擔(dān)心輔助移民會帶來意想不到的后果。林地信托基金會的安德魯·艾倫說：“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的大規(guī)模遷移無法逆轉(zhuǎn)，因此應(yīng)該是最后的選擇。”)”可知，安德魯·艾倫可能同意輔助遷移可能帶來不良后果這一觀點(diǎn)。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”(她希望能更早地探索輔助遷徙，在物種數(shù)量變得如此之小之前與它們一起工作?！澳阌肋h(yuǎn)不可能消除所有的風(fēng)險，但不作為也有風(fēng)險，”她說。“不作為的風(fēng)險每天都在增加。”)”可知，薩拉·達(dá)爾林普爾在最后一段中敦促人們盡早采取行動以防止物種滅絕。故選D。11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段“TheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?(橡樹在英格蘭南部已經(jīng)連續(xù)生長了12000年。但它有未來嗎？)”和第四段中“The“assistedmigration”isdivisive.Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤銷),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.Allenbelievesweshouldprioritisehelpingnativetreesadapttochangesbyencouragingnaturalregeneration,expandingandconnectingexistingwoodlands.(“輔助移民”存在分歧。自然資源保護(hù)主義者長期以來一直反對引進(jìn)非本地物種。他們擔(dān)心輔助移民會帶來意想不到的后果。林地信托基金會的安德魯·艾倫說：“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的大規(guī)模遷移無法逆轉(zhuǎn)，因此應(yīng)該是最后的選擇?！卑瑐愓J(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該通過鼓勵自然再生、擴(kuò)大和連接現(xiàn)有林地來優(yōu)先幫助本地樹木適應(yīng)變化。)”、最后一段中“Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”(她希望能更早地探索輔助遷徙，在物種數(shù)量變得如此之小之前與它們一起工作?！澳阌肋h(yuǎn)不可能消除所有的風(fēng)險，但不作為也有風(fēng)險，”她說?！安蛔鳛榈娘L(fēng)險每天都在增加?！?”可知，文章首先提出倫敦的古樹是否還有未來的問題，接著指出氣候變化對古樹的影響，然后介紹了關(guān)于輔助遷移的不同觀點(diǎn)，包括其爭議性和支持者的理由。文章并沒有明確表達(dá)支持或反對的立場，而是客觀地呈現(xiàn)了不同觀點(diǎn)和論據(jù)。因此，作者對于輔助遷移的態(tài)度可能是客觀的。故選C。DInastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”–imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedover-generositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologistatEngland’sUniversityofReading.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtomitigatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmorewillingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientexplanation.”Thescientistsarenowexperimentingwithwhetherphantomcostsplayintohumans’interactionswithrobotsandartificialintelligence.“IfAIisoverlygenerous,willpeopleimaginephantomcosts?”Vonaschsays.“PeopletendtotreatAIasiftheyhaveamind,whenobviouslytheydon’t.”12.Accordingtoparagraph2,theexperimentsmainlyfocusonpeople’s.A.Thinkingmethod. B.Decisionmaking.C.Financialcondition. D.Potentialability.13.Whydoestheauthormention“standardeconomicmodel”?A.Toexplaintheexperimentsfurther. B.Toclarifyapsychologicalconcept.C.Toprovideevidenceforthestudy. D.Toexpressdoubtontheexperiments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Analyse. B.Improve. C.Measure. D.Lessen.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Phantomcosts:Where“standardeconomicmodel”doesn’twork.B.Phantomcosts:Whetherpeople’slikelihoodofacceptinganofferreduces.C.Phantomcosts:Why“toogoodtobetrue”scarespeopleoff.D.Phantomcosts:Howimaginedconsequencespreventhiddenmotives.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們面對看似異常優(yōu)惠的報價時，因懷疑其真實性而傾向于拒絕的心理現(xiàn)象，并解釋了背后的心理學(xué)原理?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.(在最初的實驗中，近40%的參與者吃了免費(fèi)提供的餅干，相比之下，提供5美元的參與者中約有20%吃了餅干。另外九項實驗，涉及4000多名參與者，使用在線問卷來呈現(xiàn)其他場景。這些條件包括給錢讓他們搭車回家，極高的建筑工作工資，以及便宜得驚人的機(jī)票。在每種情況下，超過某一點(diǎn)，更高的潛在金錢收益降低了參與者接受提議的可能性。)”可知，實驗主要關(guān)注人們的決策過程，即“決策制定”。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”–imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”(該研究的主要作者Vonasch說，這表明，與“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型”相反，交易也需要被理解為人們試圖了解彼此思想的社會互動?！皹?biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型”假設(shè)人類總是尋求利益最大化。如果有人似乎違反了公認(rèn)的規(guī)則，比如自利，而沒有任何解釋，我們就會假設(shè)他們有隱藏的動機(jī)，并推斷會有“幻影成本”——想象的后果會降低Vonasch所說的報價的“心理價值”。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到“standardeconomicmodel”是為了進(jìn)一步解釋實驗，幫助讀者理解人們的決策過程。故選A?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedover-generositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologistatEngland’sUniversityofReading.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtomitigatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.(當(dāng)下以外的因素可能會起作用。英國雷丁大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家雷切爾·麥克洛伊說：“理解別人的過度慷慨可能會讓我們虧欠他們，這也有助于解釋人們的不情愿?！毖芯咳藛T還展示了如何mitigate這種影響：簡單地提供一個交易的理由。)”可知，理解別人的過度慷慨可能會讓我們虧欠他們，這也有助于解釋人們的不情愿，簡單地提供一個交易的理由是為了減輕這種影響，因此mitigate在這里的意思是“減少，減輕”。A.Analyse分析；B.Improve改進(jìn)；C.Measure測量；D.Lessen減少，減輕。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”(在《人格與社會心理學(xué)公報》上發(fā)表的一項研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們傾向于拒絕“免費(fèi)的錢”，以及異常高的薪水或可疑的廉價服務(wù)，因為它們看起來“好得令人難以置信”。)”可知，文章主要介紹了人們面對看似“好得令人難以置信”的報價時的心理反應(yīng)，即因為擔(dān)心存在隱藏的代價而拒絕接受。選項C“Phantomcosts:Why‘toogoodtobetrue’scarespeopleoff(幻影成本：為什么“好得令人難以置信”會嚇跑人們。)”準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主旨，符合題意。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Sometimesitcanfeellikeyourheadistoocluttered.Withwork,school,orabusyschedule,thingsareboundtogetjumbled(亂糟糟的)everyonceandawhile!___16___Fromfocusingtojournaling,we’llteachyouhowtomindfullydistractyourselffromworryingthoughts.Focusonthepresentmoment.Practicemindfulnessdailytohelpclearyourmindandbemorefocused.Mindfulnessisallaboutlettingallotherthoughtscomeandgo.Observeyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutjudgement,asifyou’reanoutsiderinyourownmind.___17___Takeawalk.___18___Whenyou’rebeingmindful,you’refullyengaginginthepresentmoment,lettingfeelingscomeandgoasyoufocusonwhat’sinfrontofyou.Combiningthisstateofmindwithwalkingproducesanextraspecialstressrelieverthatimprovesmentalandphysicalhealth.Tryschedulingawalkaroundtheblock,onthetreadmill,orthroughalocalparkeveryday.___19___Takeamomenttobreatheandcomebacktothepresentmoment.Lifecaneasilybecomego,go,go,andintheprocess,youcaneasilyforgettobreathe.Settlingdownwhereveryouaretotakecontrolledbreathscancalmyourracingmindandheartbeat,helpingyoufeelmorerelaxed.Journalyourthoughts.Writingdownyourworriescanhelpyousortthroughthem.Tryreachingforanotebookorphonewhenamillionthoughtsareracingthroughyourmind.___20___Journalingcanhelpyoubemoreawareofyouremotionsandreflectonwhat’stroublingyou.A.Dodeepbreathingexercises.B.Takeamomenttoslowdown.C.Movingyourbodymindfullycanhelpthingsseemclearer.D.Butyoucandosomethingtoclearyourmindandcalmthingsdown.E.Setdowneverythingthatcomestomind,lettingallpouroutontothepage.F.Thenletthosethoughtsandfeelingsgoandfocusonwhatyou’recurrentlydoinginstead.G.Herearesometipsonhowtoprotectyourheadfrombraininjuryandthenstartyourwork.【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.A20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞如何清理思緒、緩解壓力的主題，給出了一系列實用的建議和方法，如專注于當(dāng)下、出去散步、做深呼吸練習(xí)和記日記等?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Sometimesitcanfeellikeyourheadistoocluttered.Withwork,school,orabusyschedule,thingsareboundtogetjumbled(亂糟糟的)everyonceandawhile!(有時你會覺得自己的頭腦過于混亂。由于工作、學(xué)業(yè)或繁忙的日程，事情難免有時會變得一團(tuán)糟！)”可知，上文提出有時候由于繁忙的日程，我們常會覺得自己非?；靵y。選項D“Butyoucandosomethingtoclearyourmindandcalmthingsdown.(但是你可以做一些事情來清理思緒并平靜下來。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出當(dāng)我們覺得混亂的時候，我們可以做一些事情來理清思緒。并自然引出下文內(nèi)容，即具體的解決措施。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Mindfulnessisallaboutlettingallotherthoughtscomeandgo.Observeyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutjudgement,asifyou’reanoutsiderinyourownmind.(正念就是任由其他所有思緒來來去去。不帶評判地觀察你的想法和感受，就好像你是自己思想中的局外人一樣。)”可知，上文提出正念的概念。選項F“Thenletthosethoughtsandfeelingsgoandfocusonwhatyou’recurrentlydoinginstead.(然后讓那些想法和感受過去，專注于你目前正在做的事情。)”自然延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，提出我們先不帶評判地觀察你的想法和感受，然后讓那些想法和感受過去，專注于你目前正在做的事情。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Whenyou’rebeingmindful,you’refullyengaginginthepresentmoment,lettingfeelingscomeandgoasyoufocusonwhat’sinfrontofyou.(當(dāng)你專注于當(dāng)下時，你完全沉浸在現(xiàn)在的時刻，讓感覺隨著你的注意力集中在眼前的事物上。)”可推測，空處和專注當(dāng)下有關(guān)。選項C“Movingyourbodymindfullycanhelpthingsseemclearer.(有意識地移動你的身體可以讓事情看起來更清晰。)”與下文內(nèi)容相符，指出有意識的做某件事可以讓我們更清晰地看待當(dāng)下。故選C?！?9題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Takeamomenttobreatheandcomebacktothepresentmoment.Lifecaneasilybecomego,go,go,andintheprocess,youcaneasilyforgettobreathe.Settlingdownwhereveryouaretotakecontrolledbreathscancalmyourracingmindandheartbeat,helpingyoufeelmorerelaxed.(花點(diǎn)時間停下來深呼吸，回到當(dāng)下。生活很容易變得匆匆忙忙，在這個過程中，你很容易忘記呼吸。無論你身在何處，坐下來進(jìn)行有控制的呼吸可以平靜你狂亂的思想和心跳，幫助你感到更放松。)”可知，本段主要建議讀者要做呼吸練習(xí)。選項A“Dodeepbreathingexercises.(做深呼吸練習(xí)。)”是本段的主要內(nèi)容。故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Writingdownyourworriescanhelpyousortthroughthem.Tryreachingforanotebookorphonewhenamillionthoughtsareracingthroughyourmind.(把你的想法寫下來可以幫助你整理它們。當(dāng)腦海中思緒萬千時，試著伸手去拿筆記本或手機(jī)。)”可知，上文建議我們將自己的想法寫下來。選項E“Setdowneverythingthatcomestomind,lettingallpouroutontothepage.(把想到的一切都寫下來，讓它們?nèi)績A瀉到紙上。)”與上文內(nèi)容相符，建議我們將自己想到的一切都寫下來。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Mystorywithmycatstartedmanyyearsago,andnowIhavetopreparetobidfarewelltoher.Itwas2003andachildhood___21___wasstationedatFortBragg,inNorthCarolinawhereshewasinthe82ndAirborneDivision(空降師).Shewasdonejumpingoutofplanesfortheday,___22___thebase,whensheheardmeowingcomingfromawarehouse.Inside,she___23___astray(流浪的)cat,proudbutdirty,anddecidedtotakeherhome.Soon,thecatwas___24___.Oneday,myfriende-mailedmeaphotographofthelittlelovelykittens,arrangedonherlaps.She___25___,“Don’tyouwanttohavethem?”Afewweekslater,thekittenswere___26___ontothebackseatofaJeepanddrivennorth.Twoweredroppedoffatmyparents’house,andonewithmeatmystudioapartment.Thefamily___27___wasthattheseweremilitary-gradecats,sincetheirmomwasfromthebase!Gradually,Ibecame___28___tomycat.