2023.06英語六級真題第1套

2023202361套PAGE1NUMPAGES82023年6月英語六級真題第1PartI (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence"Todaythereisagrowingawarenessthatmentalwell-beingneedstobegivenasmuchattentionasphysicalhealth."Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListening (30SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Itwasspaciousand C)ItwasshabbyandItwaswarmand D)ItwastinyandA)ShenolongerhatespeopletalkingloudlyintheShemissesherroommatessheusedtocomplainShebeginstoenjoythemoviessheoncefoundShefindsthecrowdeddormascozyashernewA)Hefoundtheapartmentperfectly C)HehadasimilarfeelingtotheHehadafeelingofdespairand D)HefeltthenewplacewaslikeA)Gotoseethewoman's C)BuysomefurniturefortheMakeaphonecalltohis D)Decoratethewoman'sQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Heworksasaliterary C)HehasinitiatedauniversityHehostsaneducational D)HehaspublishedabookA)ItfailstokeepupwiththeradicalchangesofItfailstoensureuniversitiesgetsufficientIthasnotpreparedyoungpeopleforthejobIthasnotfosteredthegrowthoftheartsA)MoreofthebudgetshouldgotoscienceandTheunderfundedmusicdisciplineshouldbeSubdisciplineslikesculptureshouldgetmoreLiteratureshouldgetasmuchfundingasA)Buildaprosperous C)CreateingeniousMakeskilled D)CultivatebetterSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Itisquite C)ItseldomannoysItisrarely D)ItoccurswhenoneisA)SeeingthingsinblackandEngaginginregularHavingaspecialunderstandingofKnowinghowtomaketheirmentalbatteriesA)Engaginginintense C)WorkingonaparticularFantasizinginone'sdown D)Reflectingduringone'sQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)FarmershelpedNativeAmericansgrowcrops.C)ThereexistedpostTherewereexpansiveuniversity D)MigrantsfoundgoldA)IthelpedtoboosttheeconomyintheAmericanItprovidedjobopportunitiesformanygoldItextendedtheinfluenceofthefederalItkeptpeopleinthedesertsandplainsA)ItemployedNativeAmericanstoworkasItcommissionedprivatewagonstocarrytheItsubsidizedthelocalswhoactedasItcentralizedpostalservicesinitsremoteA)HeanalyzedinteractivemapsofmailHereadalargecollectionofbooksontheHeexamineditshistoricaltrendswithdataHecollecteddataaboutitsimpactonlocalSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)Higherlevelsofanxietymayimprovepeople'sSomeexperiencesareeasiertorememberthanMostpeopletendtorememberthingsSimplethingsmayleaveadeepimpressiononone'sA)Theyclassifiedtheparticipants'TheyshowedsomephotostotheTheymeasuredtheparticipants'anxietyTheytestedthesizeoftheparticipants'A)AnxietyhasbecomeaseriousproblemforanincreasingnumberofExtremelevelsofanxietycanadverselyaffectcognitivePeoplediagnosedwithanxietydisordermayforgetthingsThereisnodirectcorrelationbetweenmemoryandlevelsofQuestions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)TheycompareproductsfromdifferentcompaniesbeforemakingaTheygetinformationfromotherconsumers'postingsandTheylosepatiencewhentheirphonecallisnopromptlyTheyexpecttogetinstantaneousresponsestotheirA)Givingthemrewardsonthe C)SpeakingdirectlytotheirBroadeningtheirscopeof D)FocusingonthedetailsoftheA)ChangetherulesofthegameinthemarketeveryKeepupwiththelatesttechnologicalLearnfromtechnologicalinnovatorstodoMakegreatereffortstobuildupconsumers’Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)PeoplehaveonlyonesocialengagementperWorkingtogetherenhancesFewpeoplehavedevotedFriendshipsbenefitA)Theimpactoffriendsonpeople'sself-HowsupportivefriendscanbeintheHowtoboostone'ssenseofvalueandTheroleoffamilytiesinpeople'smentalwell-A)Theyshowlittleinterestintheirfriends'TheytendtobemuchmoredifficulttoTheyaremoretrustworthyandTheyincreasepeople'sjobA)AllowemployeestohaveaflexibleworkEncourageemployeestobefriendswithHelpemployeesbalanceworkandfamilyOrganizeactivitiestonourishfriendshipsoutsideofPartIIIReading (40SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Scientistsrecentlyexaminedstudiesondogintelligenceandcomparedthemwithresearchintothemindsofotherintelligentanimals.Theresearchersfoundthatdogsareamongthemoreintelligentcarnivores(食肉動物),socialhuntersanddomesticanimals,butthattheirintelligencedoes26otherintelligentanimalsinanyofthosecategories.Thoughasignificantbodyofresearchexamineddogcognition27,theauthorsofthisnewstudyfoundlittletowarrantthe28ofworkthathasbeendevotedtothetopic.StephenLea,leadauthorofthenewstudy,arguesthatmanyresearchersseemtohavedesignedtheirstudiesto29howcleverdogsare,ratherthansimplytostudydogs'brains.Leaandacolleagueexaminedmorethan300studiesofdogcognition,comparingthestudies'resultswiththosefromresearchintootheranimals.Theresearchersmadespecificcomparisonsbetweenthedifferentspeciesindifferentcategoriesofintelligence.Thesecomparisons30thatdogsareintelligent,buttheirintelligenceisnotas31assomeresearchersmighthavebelieved.Inmanyareas,though,comparisonswerenotpossible.Forexample,theresearchersnotedthatbothdogsandcatsareknowntobeabletorecognizeand32humanvoices.Buttheinvestigatorscouldnotfindanydatatoindicatewhichspeciescanrememberagreaternumberof33humanvoices,soitwasimpossibletocomparethetwoonthatfront.However,notallresearchers34withthefindingsofthisstudy.ZacharySilver,anAmericanresearcher,believestheauthorsofthenewstudy35theideathatanexcessiveamountofresearchhasbeendevotedtodogs,asthefieldofdogcognitionisyoung,andthereismuchtobelearnedabouthowdogsthink.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThelifesavingpowerofGratitudemaybemorebeneficialthanwecommonlysuppose.Onerecentstudyaskedparticipantstowriteanoteofthankstosomeoneandthenestimatehowsurprisedandhappytherecipientwouldfeel—animpactthattheyconsistentlyunderestimated.Anotherstudyassessedthehealthbenefitsofwritingthank-younotes.Theresearchersfoundthatwritingasfewasthreeweeklythank-younotesoverthecourseofthreeweeksimprovedlifesatisfaction,increasedhappyfeelingsandreducedsymptomsofWhilethisresearchintogratitudeisrelativelynew,theprinciplesinvolvedareanythingbut.StudentsofmineinapoliticalphilosophycourseatIndianaUniversityarereadingDanielDefoe's300-year-oldRobinsonCrusoe,oftenregardedasthefirstnovelpublishedinEnglish.Leftaloneonanunknownislandwithnoapparentprospectofrescueorescape,Crusoehasmuchtolament(悲).Butinsteadofgivingintodespair,hemakesalistofthingsforwhichheisgrateful,includingthefactthatheisthesolesurvivorfromtheshipwreck(海難)andhasbeenabletosalvagemanyusefulitemsfromthewreckage.Defoe'smasterpiece,whichisoftenrankedasoneoftheworld'sgreatestnovels,providesaportraitofgratitudeinactionthatisastimelyandrelevanttodayasithaseverbeen.Itisalsoonewithwhichcontemporarypsychologyandmedicinearejustbeginningtocatchup.Simplyput,formostofus,itisfarmorehelpfultofocusonthethingsinlifeforwhichwecanexpressgratitudethanthosethatinclineustowardresentmentandlamentation.Whenwefocusonthethingsweregret,suchasfailedrelationships,familydisputes,andsetbacksincareerandfinance,wetendtobecomemoreregretful.Conversely,whenwefocusonthethingswearegratefulfor,agreatersenseofhappinesstendstospreadthroughourlives.Andwhilenoonewouldargueforcultivatingafalsesenseofblessedness,thereismountingevidencethatcountingourblessingsisoneofthebesthabitswecandeveloptopromotementalandphysicalhealth.Gratitudehaslongenjoyedaprivilegedpositioninmanyoftheworld'sculturaltraditions.Forexample,someancientWesternphilosopherscounselgratitudethatisbothenduringandcomplete,andsomeEasternthinkersportrayitasnotmerelyanattitudebutavirtuetobeputintopractice.Recentscientificstudiessupporttheseancientteachings.Individualswhoregularlyengageingratitudeexercises,suchascountingtheirblessingsorexpressinggratitudetoothers,exhibitincreasedsatisfactionwithrelationshipsandfewersymptomsofphysicalillness.Andthebenefitsarenotonlypsychologicalandphysical.Theymayalsobemoral—thosewhopracticegratitudealsoviewtheirliveslessmaterialisticallyandsufferfromlessenvy.Therearemultipleexplanationsforsuchbenefitsofgratefulness.Oneisthefactthatexpressinggratitudeencouragesotherstocontinuebeinggenerous,thuspromotingavirtuouscycleofgoodnessinrelationships.Similarly,gratefulpeoplemaybemorelikelytoreciprocate回報withactsofkindnessoftheirown.Broadlyspeaking,acommunityinwhichpeoplefeelgratefultooneanotherislikelytobeamorepleasantplacetolivethanonecharacterizedbymutualsuspicionandresentment.Thebeneficialeffectsofgratitudemayextendevenfurther.Forexample,whenmanypeoplefeelgoodaboutwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneforthem,theyexperienceasenseofbeingliftedup,withacorrespondingenhancementoftheirregardforhumanity.Someareinspiredtoattempttobecomebetterpeoplethemselves,doingmoretohelpbringoutthebestinothersandbringingmoregoodnessintotheworldaroundthem.Gratitudealsotendstostrengthenasenseofconnectionwithothers.Whenpeoplewanttodogoodthingsthatinspiregratitude,thelevelofdedicationinrelationshipstendstogrowandrelationshipsseemtolastlonger.Andwhenpeoplefeelmoreconnected,theyaremorelikelytochoosetospendtheirtimewithoneanotheranddemonstratetheirfeelingsofaffectionindailyacts.Ofcourse,actsofkindnesscanalsofosterdiscomfort.Forexample,ifpeoplefeeltheyarenotworthyofkindnessorsuspectthatsomeulterior(別有用心的)motiveliesbehindit,thebenefitsofgratitudewillnotberealized.Likewise,receivingakindnesscangiverisetoasenseofindebtedness,leavingbeneficiariesfeelingthattheymustnowpaybackwhatevergoodtheyhavereceived.Gratitudecanflourishonlyifpeoplearesecureenoughinthemselvesandsufficientlytrustingtoallowittodoso.Anotherobstacletogratitudeisoftencalledasenseofentitlement.Insteadofexperiencingabenefaction(善行)asagoodturn,peoplesometimesregarditasamerepaymentofwhattheyareowed,forwhichnoonedeservesanymoralcredit.Thereareanumberofpracticalstepsanyonecantaketopromoteasenseofgratitude.Oneissimplyspendingtimeonaregularbasisthinkingaboutsomeonewhohasmadeadifference,orperhapswritingathank-younoteorexpressingsuchgratitudeinperson.Othersarefoundinancientreligiousdisciplines,suchasreflectingonbenefactionsreceivedfromanotherpersonoractuallyprayingforthehealthandhappinessofabenefactor.Inadditiontobenefactionsreceived,itisalsopossibletofocusonopportunitiestodogoodoneself,whetherthoseactedoninthepastorhopedforinthefuture.Somepeoplearemostgratefulnotforwhatothershavedoneforthembutforchancestheyenjoyedtohelpothers.Inregularlyreflectingonthethingsinhislifeheisgratefulfor,Defoe'sCrusoebelievesthathebecomesafarbetterpersonthanhewouldhavebeenhadheremainedinthesocietyfromwhichheoriginallysetoutonhisvoyage.Reflectingongenerosityandgratitude,thegreatbasketballcoachJohnWoodenonceofferedtwocounselstohisplayersandstudents.First,hesaid,"Itisimpossibletohaveaperfectdayunlessyouhavedonesomethingforsomeonewhowillneverbeabletorepayyou."Insayingthis,Woodensoughttopromotepurelygenerousacts,asopposedtothoseperformedwithanexpectationofreward.Second,hesaid,"Givethanksforyourblessingseveryday.”Somefaithtraditionsincorporatesuchpracticesintotherhythmofdailylife.Forexample,adherentsofsomereligionsofferprayersofthanksgivingeverymorningbeforerisingandeverynightbeforelyingdowntosleep.Othersofferthanksthroughouttheday,suchasbeforemeals.Otherlessfrequentspecialevents,suchasbirths,deathsandmarriages,mayalsobeheraldedbysuchprayers.WhenDefoedepictedRobinsonCrusoemakingthanksgivingadailypartofhisislandlife,hewasanticipatingfindingsinsocialscienceandmedicinethatwouldnotappearforhundredsofyears.Yethewasalsoreflectingthewisdomofreligiousandphilosophicaltraditionsthatextendbackthousandsofyears.Gratitudeisoneofthehealthiestandmostnourishingofallstatesofmind,andthosewhoadoptitasahabitareenrichingnotonlytheirownlivesbutalsothelivesofthosearoundthem.ItdoesusfarmoregoodtofocusonthingswecanbegratefulforthanwhatmakesussadandThebeneficialimpactsofgratitudecanextendfromindividualstotheircommunityandtothewiderTheparticipantsinarecentstudyrepeatedlyunderestimatedthepositiveeffectonthosewhoreceivedthank-younotes.GooddeedscansometimesmakepeoplefeelPeoplewhoregularlyexpressgratitudecanbenefitinmoralAbasketballcoachadvocatedperforminggenerousactswithoutexpectinganythinginMoreandmoreevidenceshowsitmakesusmentallyandphysicallyhealthiertoroutinelycountourOfallstatesofmind,feelinggratefulisconsideredoneofthemosthealthyandTheprinciplesunderlyingtheresearchintogratitudearenothingnewatGratitudeislikelytoenhanceone'ssenseofbeingconnectedwithotherSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingTechnologyisneveraneutraltoolforachievinghumanends.Technologicalinnovationsreshapepeopleastheyusetheseinnovationstocontroltheirenvironment.Artificialintelligence,forexample,isalteringhumanity.WhilethetermAIconjuresupanxietiesaboutkillerrobotsorcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment,thereareother,deeperimplications.AsAIincreasinglyshapesthehumanexperience,howdoesthischangewhatitmeanstobehuman?Centraltotheproblemisaperson'scapacitytomakechoices,particularlyjudgmentsthathavemoralimplications.Aristotlearguedthatthecapacityformakingpracticaljudgmentsdependsonregularlymakingthem—onhabitandpractice.WeseetheemergenceofmachinesassubstitutejudgesinavarietyofeverydaycontextsasapotentialthreattopeoplelearninghowtoeffectivelyexercisejudgmentIntheworkplace,managersroutinelymakedecisionsaboutwhotohireorfireandwhichloantoapprove,tonameafew.Theseareareaswherealgorithmic(算法的)prescriptionisreplacinghumanjudgment,andsopeoplewhomighthavehadthechancetodeveloppracticaljudgmentintheseareasnolongerwill.Recommendationengines,whichareincreasinglyprevalentintermediariesinpeople'sconsumptionofculture,mayservetoconstrainchoiceandminimizeluck.Bypresentingconsumerswithalgorithmicallyselectedchoicesofwhattowatch,read,streamandvisitnext,companiesarereplacinghumantastewithmachinetaste.Inonesense,thisishelpful.Afterall,machinescansurveyawiderrangeofchoicesthananyindividualislikelytohavethetimeorenergytodoontheirown.Atthesametime,though,thisselectionisoptimizingforwhatpeoplearelikelytopreferbasedonwhatthey'vepreferredinthepast.Wethinkthereissomeriskthatpeople'soptionswillbeconstrainedbytheirpastinanewandunanticipatedway.Asmachinelearningalgorithmsimproveandastheytrainonmoreextensivedatasets,largerpartsofeverydaylifearelikelytobecomeutterlypredictable.Thepredictionsaregoingtogetbetterandbetter,andtheywillultimatelymakecommonexperiencesmoreefficientandpleasant.Algorithmscouldsoon-iftheydon'talready—haveabetterideaaboutwhichshowyou'dlikewatchnextandwhichjobcandidateyoushouldhirethanyoudo.Oneday,humansmayevenfindawayformachinestomakethesedecisionswithoutsomeofthebiasesthathumanstypicallydisplay.Buttotheextentthatunpredictabilityispartofhowpeopleunderstandthemselvesandpartofwhatpeoplelikeaboutthemselves,humanityisintheprocessoflosingsomethingsignificant.Astheybecomemoreandmorepredictable,thecreaturesinhabitingtheincreasinglyAI-mediatedworldwillbecomelessandlesslikeus.WhatdowelearnaboutthedeeperimplicationsofItiscausingcatastrophiclevelsofItisdoingphysicalharmtohumanItisalteringmoralItisreshapingWhatistheconsequenceofalgorithmicprescriptionreplacinghumanPeoplelosethechancetocultivatetheabilitytomakepracticalPeoplearepreventedfromparticipatinginmakingmajordecisionsintheManagersnolongerhavethechancetodecidewhichloantoManagersdonotneedtotakethetroubletodeterminewhotohireorWhatmayresultfromincreasingapplicationofrecommendationenginesinourconsumptionofConsumerswillhavemuchlimited C)ItwillbeeasiertodecideonwhattoConsumerswillactuallyenjoybetter D)HumanswilldeveloptastessimilartoWhatislikelytohappentolargerpartsofourdailylifeasmachinelearningalgorithmsTheywillturnouttobemore C)TheycanbecompletelyTheywillrepeatourpast D)TheymaybecomebetterandWhydoestheauthorsaythecreatureslivinginthemoreandmoreAl-mediatedworldwillbecomeincreasinglyunlikeus?TheywillhavelostthemostsignificanthumanelementofbeingTheywillnolongerpossessthehumancharacteristicofbeingTheywillnotbeabletounderstandthemselvesaswecandoTheywillbedeprivedofwhattheirpredecessorswereproudofaboutPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingPhonicswhichinvolvessoundingoutwordssyllable（音節(jié))bysyllable,isthebestwaytoteachchildrentoread.Butinmanyclassrooms,thiscanbeadirtyword.Somuchsothatsometeachershavehadtosneakphonicsteachingmaterialsintotheclassroom.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttoreadinawaythatstudyafterstudyhasfoundtobewrong.Theconsequencesofthisarestriking.LessthanhalfofallAmericanadultswereproficientreadersin2017.Americanfourthgradersrank15thontheProgressinInternationalLiteracyStudy,aninternationalAmericaisstuckinadebateaboutteachingchildrentoreadthathasbeengoingonfordecades.Someadvocateteachingsymbol-soundrelationships(thesoundkcanbespelledasc,k,ck,orch),knownasphonics.Otherssupportanimmersiveapproach(usingpicturesofacattolearnthewordcat),knownas"wholelanguage".Mostteacherstoday,almostthreeoutoffouraccordingtoasurveybytheEdWeekResearchCentrein2019,useamixcalled"balancedliteracy".Thiscombinationofmethodsisineffective."Youcan'tsprinkleinalittlephonics,"saysTenetteSmith,executivedirectorofelementaryeducationandreadingatMississippi'seducationdepartment."Ithastobesystematicandexplicitlytaught."Mississippi,oftenbehindinsocialpolicy,hassetanexamplehere.Inastateoncenotoriousforitsreadingscores,theMississippistatelegislaturepassednewliteracystandardsin2013.SincethenMississippihasseenremarkablegains.Itsfourthgradershavemovedfrom49th(outof50states)to29thontheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,anationwideexam.In2019itwastheonlystatetoimproveitsscores.Forthefirsttimesincemeasurementbeg