新版譯林高中英語課件教案練習(xí)選擇性必修三 Unit 3 Back to the past（A卷·夯實基礎(chǔ)）（解析版）

Unit3Backtothepast測試（A卷·夯實基礎(chǔ)）（時間：90分鐘，滿分：100分）第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題2分,滿分20分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2020·四川樂山·高三階段練習(xí)）Lookingaroundyourcity,itmaybehardtoimaginethattheremightbeatimewhenitwilldisappear.Butthat'sexactlywhathappenedtothesecommunities.HashimaIsland,JapanHashimaIslandwasformerlyoneofthemostpopulatedcitiesintheworld.The6hectareislandprovidedjobstomorethan5000people,manyofwhommadetheirlivingattheisland'sunderwatercoalmines.Whenthemineswereclosed,HashimaIslandwasabandoned.Consonno,ItalyConsonnowasatinytownwithapopulationoflessthan300androotsdatingbacktothemiddleages.ThenMarioBagnocamealonganddecidedtoturntheareaintotheLasVegasofItaly.Heknockeddownnearlyeverybuilding.Thenlandslidestruck,buryingtheaccessroadandtheprojectwasneverfinished.Today,Consonnohasbeenabandoned.EasternSettlement,GreenlandEasternSettlementinGreenlandisn'tjustanabandonedcity,it'salsoamystery.OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.Thelastknownwritingsfromtheareaappliedtoaweddingin1408andofferednoclues.Itremainsoneofmanyancientmysteriesresearcherscan,texplain.Troy,TurkeyTroywasregardedimmortal（不朽的）inHomer'sepicpoem,TheIliad.Formanyyears,theTroyofAncientGreecewasmerelythestuffoflegendbutinthe1800sitslocationwasdiscoveredinwhatisnowTurkey.Thesitecontainslayersofruinsarchaeologistsarestillstudying.1．Whatdothefourcommunitieshaveincommon?A．Theyweredeserted. B．Theywerecapitalcities.C．Theyweretouristspots. D．Theywerethicklypopulated.2．Whichcommunitysufferedfromanaturaldisaster?A．HashimaIsland. B．Consonno.C．EasternSettlement. D．Troy.3．WhatdoweknowaboutEasternSettlement?A．Itdisappearedfornoobviousreason.B．It'saplacewhereweddingswereheld.C．It'saplaceforvisitorstoexperiencehistory.D．ItexistedasoneoftheoldesttownsinGreenland.【答案】ABA【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四個消失的古城。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HashimaIsland,Japan部分最后一句“Whenthemineswereclosed,HashimaIslandwasabandoned.”（礦場關(guān)閉后，軍艦島就被廢棄了。），Consonno,Italy部分最后一句“Today,Consonnohasbeenabandoned.”（如今，Consonno已被廢棄。），EasternSettlement,Greenland部分第二句“OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.”（這里曾經(jīng)是格陵蘭島人口最多的地區(qū)，現(xiàn)在卻被遺棄了，沒有人知道原因。）和Troy,Turkey部分最后一句“Thesitecontainslayersofruinsarchaeologistsarestillstudying.”（考古學(xué)家們還在對遺址進(jìn)行研究。）可知，這四個社區(qū)的共同點是它們都被廢棄了。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Consonno,Italy部分倒第二句“Thenlandslidestruck,buryingtheaccessroadandtheprojectwasneverfinished.”（然后發(fā)生了山體滑坡，掩埋了道路，工程一直沒有完成。）可知，Consonno遭受過自然災(zāi)害。故選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EasternSettlement,Greenland部分第二句“OncethemostpopulatedareainGreenland,theareawasabandonedandnooneknowswhy.”（這里曾經(jīng)是格陵蘭島人口最多的地區(qū)，現(xiàn)在卻被遺棄了，沒有人知道原因。）可知，EasternSettlement毫無緣由地消失了。故選A。B（2020·全國·高二課時練習(xí)）ThereweremanybattlesthattookplaceduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),butperhapssoneoftheworstbattlesinvolved.theAmericanContinentalArmyversus(對抗)thewinteratValleyForgein1777and1778.HeremanypeoplebelievewaswheretheAmericanArmywasborn.ValleyForgeislocatedabout25milesnorthwestofPhiladelphiainthesoutheasterncornerofPennsylvania.GeneralGeorgeWashingtonwasthecommander-in-chiefoftheContinentalArmyandhedecidedtosetupwintercampatValleyForge.ItwasclosetoPhiladelphia,whichwaswheretheBritishhadbeencampingoutforthewinter.Thisallowedhimtokeepawatchfuleyeontheirmovements.TherewerehighareasinMountJoyandMountMiserywherethearmycouldmakefortifications(防御工事).NearbywasalsotheSchuylkillRiver,whichwasusedasabarriertotheNorth.Thearmy'sstayatValleyForgeturnedintoatimeoftraining.BesidesWashington,twootherleadersincludedGeneralFriedrichvonSteubenandGeneralMarquisdeLafayette.SteubenwasborninPrussiaandarrivedatValleyForgewitharecommendationletterfromstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklin.HetrainedtheContinentalArmyusingthedailydrill(操練),evenintheextremelycoldweather.Infact,hewasresponsibleforwritingthearmy'sRevolutionaryWarDrillManual,whichservedasthestandardUnitedStatesdrillmanual(手冊)untiltheWarof1812.LafayettewasaFrenchmilitaryleader,workingfornopay,andaskingfornospecialtreatment.Helaterbecameanimportantcommanderinseveralkeybattlesduringthewar.Besidesthefreezingweather,itwasconsistentlycold,wet,andsnowyatValleyForge.Inaddition,foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets.Thelogcabinstheylivedinwerecrowded,coldanddamp,andalloweddiseasestoeasilyspread.Ofthe10,000menatValleyForge,2,500diedbeforethebreakofspringmostlyfromdiseases.FollowingthewinteratValleyForge,underWashington'sleadership,abetter-disciplined,trained,andmorepowerfularmy,inhighspirits,leftonJune19,1778.Ninedayslater,theirfirstvictoryagainsttheBritishoccurredattheBattleofMonmouthinNewJersey.4．WhywasValleyForgechosenasthesiteofawintercamp?A．Itwaskeytotheeffectiveconductofwar. B．Itwasanidealplaceformilitarytraining.C．ItwasveryfarfromtheBritishcamp. D．Itwasanareawithadequatesupplies.5．Whowastheauthoroftheimportantdrillmanual?A．BenjaminFranklin. B．GeorgeWashington.C．MarquisdeLafayette. D．FriedrichvonSteuben.6．WhichcanbeusedtodescribetheconditionsatValleyForge?A．Strange. B．Tough. C．Favorable. D．Relaxing.7．HowdidtheContinentalArmychangeafterthewinter?A．ItwastakenoverbytheAmericanArmy. B．Itwonmoresupportfromthepeople.C．Ithadmanymoresoldiers. D．Itbecameastrongerarmy.【答案】ADBD【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述的是美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭期間，大陸軍在喬治·華盛頓的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下在福吉谷不畏嚴(yán)寒、不怕吃苦、頑強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練，最終首次戰(zhàn)勝了英國人。4．推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Thisallowedhimtokeepawatchfuleyeontheirmovements.TherewerehighareasinMountJoyandMountMiserywherethearmycouldmakefortifications(防御工事).NearbywasalsotheSchuylkillRiver,whichwasusedasabarriertotheNorth”（這使他能夠密切注視他們的一舉一動。喬伊山和瘟神山有高地，軍隊可以在那里建造防御工事。附近還有斯庫爾基爾河(SchuylkillRiver)，這條河曾被用作通往北方的屏障）可推斷，華盛頓把福吉谷選為冬天營地是因為那里具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義，對于高效作戰(zhàn)極為關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)“ItwasclosetoPhiladelphia,whichwaswheretheBritishhadbeencampingoutforthewinter.”（它靠近費(fèi)城，英國人在那里露營過冬）可以判斷C項錯誤，福吉谷距離英軍營地很近。由第六段的“thefreezingweather”（寒冷的天氣）和“foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets”（食物缺乏，保暖的衣服、鞋子和毯子也很少）可知，環(huán)境極為艱苦，供給也不足，B、D兩項與文意不符。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“SteubenwasborninPrussia...hewasresponsibleforwritingthearmy'sRevolutionaryWarDrillMarua”（斯圖本出生在普魯士他負(fù)責(zé)撰寫了《獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭操練手冊》）可知，Steuben編寫了《獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭操練手冊》。故選D。6．推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段的“Besidesthefreezingweather,itwasconsistentlycold,wet,andsnowyatValleyForge.Inaddition,foodwaslacking,andtherewereveryfewwarmclothes,shoes,orblankets.Thelogcabinstheylivedinwerecrowded,coldanddamp,andalloweddiseasestoeasilyspread”（除了寒冷的天氣，福吉谷還一直寒冷、潮濕、多雪。此外，食物缺乏，保暖的衣服、鞋子和毯子也很少。他們住的小木屋又冷又濕，很容易傳染疾?。┛芍?，福吉谷氣候惡劣，環(huán)境艱苦。故選B。7．推理判斷題。由最后一段的“FollowingthewinteratValleyForge,underWashington'sleadership,abetter-disciplined,trained,andmorepowerfularmy,inhighspirits,leftonJune19,1778.Ninedayslater,theirfirstvictoryagainsttheBritishoccurredattheBattleofMonmouthinNewJersey”（在福吉谷度過了一個冬天之后，在華盛頓的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，一支更有紀(jì)律、訓(xùn)練有素、更強(qiáng)大的軍隊，在1778年6月19日興致勃勃地離開了。九天之后，他們在新澤西的蒙茅斯戰(zhàn)役中取得了對英國的第一次勝利）可知，經(jīng)過福吉谷嚴(yán)冬的磨練，大陸軍變成了一支更強(qiáng)大的軍隊。故選D。C（2021·北京·人大附中三模）ItwasasimpleletteraskingforaplacetostudyatScotland'soldestuniversitywhichhelpedstartarevolutioninhighereducation.A140-year-oldletterwrittenbyaladycallingforhertobeledtostudymedicineatStAndrewsUniversityhasbeendiscoveredbyresearchers.WrittenbySophiaJex-Blakein1873,thesevendocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen'sDay.Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchivesbypart-timehistorystudentLisSmith,whoiscompletingherPhDatStAndrewsInstituteofScottishHistoricalResearch.Shesaid,"WeknewthatSophiaJex-Blakeandhersupporters,intheirefforttoopenupuniversitymedicaleducationforwomen,hadwrittentotheSenatusAcademicus（校評議委員會）atStAndrewsinanattempttogainpermissiontoattendclassesthere,butwedidn'tknowdocumentaryevidenceexisted.Whilesearchingthearchivesforinformationabouttheuniversity'shighercertificateforwomen,IwasastonishedtocomeacrosswhatmustbetheveryletterJex-Blakewrote."Intheletter,SophiaandhersupportersofferedtohireteachersorbuildsuitablebuildingsforamedicalschoolandtoarrangeforlecturestobedeliveredinthesubjectsnotalreadycoveredatStAndrews.Althoughherletterwasnotsuccessful,iteventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftheLadiesLiterateinArtsatStAndrews,adistance-learningdegreeforwomen.Thequalification,whichranfrom1877untilthe1930s,gavewomenaccesstouniversityeducationinthedaysbeforetheywereadmittedasstudents.ItwassopopularthatitsurvivedlongafterwomenwereadmittedasfullstudentstoStAndrewsin1892.MsJex-BlakewentontohelpestablishtheLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenin1874.ShewasacceptedbytheUniversityofBerne,whereshewasawardedamedicaldegreeinJanuary1877.Eventually,shemovedbacktoEdinburghandopenedherownpractice.8．SophiawrotealettertoStAndrewsUniversitybecauseshewanted________.A．tocarryoutaresearchprojectthereB．tosetupamedicalinstitutethereC．tostudymedicinethereD．todeliverlecturesthere9．LisSmithfoundSophia'slettertoStAndrewsUniversity________.A．bypurechance B．intheschoolofficeC．withhersupporters'help D．whilereadinghistorybook10．Sophia'sletterresultedintheestablishmentof________.A．theLondonSchoolofMedicineforWomenB．a(chǎn)degreeprogrammeforwomenC．a(chǎn)systemofmedicaleducationD．theUniversityofBerner【答案】CAB【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章向人們介紹了一封塵封了140年信。該信被研究人員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn),那是一位女士向圣安德魯斯大學(xué)寫的學(xué)醫(yī)申請信，只是要求在蘇格蘭最古老的大學(xué)里能有一席之地學(xué)習(xí)。這封由名叫索菲亞?杰克斯?布萊克的女性于1873年寫的信在昨天的國際婦女節(jié)上被發(fā)布出來，整整七頁的信敦促大學(xué)允許女性在醫(yī)學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)，從而促使了婦女學(xué)位課程的創(chuàng)立。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WrittenbySophiaJex-Blakein1873,thesevendocument,whichurgedtheuniversitytoallowwomentostudymedicineattheinstitution,wasreleasedyesterdayonInternationalWomen'sDay.(這份長達(dá)7頁的文件由索菲亞·杰克斯·布萊克于1873年撰寫，敦促牛津大學(xué)允許女性在該機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)。該文件于昨天的“國際婦女節(jié)”發(fā)布。)”可知，索菲亞給圣安德魯斯大學(xué)寫了一封信，因為她想在那里學(xué)醫(yī)。故選C。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchivesbypart-timehistorystudentLisSmith,whoiscompletingherPhDatStAndrewsInstituteofScottishHistoricalResearch.(這份文件是由在圣安德魯斯蘇格蘭歷史研究學(xué)院攻讀博士學(xué)位的歷史學(xué)學(xué)生李·史密斯在大學(xué)檔案中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。)”可推斷，此信的發(fā)現(xiàn)純屬偶然。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Althoughherletterwasnotsuccessful,iteventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftheLadiesLiterateinArtsatStAndrews,adistance-learningdegreeforwomen.(盡管她的信沒有成功，但最終促成了圣安德魯斯女子藝術(shù)教育機(jī)構(gòu)的建立，這是一個面向女性的遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)位。)”可知，此信促使了婦女學(xué)位課程的創(chuàng)立。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·山東膠州·高一期末）Britonsarewellknownfortheamountofteathattheydrink.TheaveragepersonintheUKconsumesaround1.9kgofteaannually.That’saround876cupsoftea.Teaisdrunkbyallsectionsofsociety.____11____ThevastmajorityofteaisgrowninIndiaandChina.So,howdiditbecomeanimportantpartofBritishculture?TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.____12____Itwasnotlongbeforegreenteawasavailabletobuy.However,thiswasonlyavailabletotherichersectionsofsociety.Atthebeginningofthe1700stheamountofteaarrivinginBritainincreasedgradually.Blackteaarrivedatthistime.____13____Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcharacteristic.Inthe1800steawasstillaproductenjoyedonlybypeoplewithmoney.Atthistimetheybegantohave‘a(chǎn)fternoontea’.Thisinvolvesdrinkingteawithasnackaround4p.m.toavoidfeelinghungrybetweenlunchanddinner.____14________15____Itwasnolongeradrinkjustforrichpeople.Tearooms-shopswhereyoucouldbuyanddrinktea-startedtoappearacrossthecountry.Peopleenjoyeddrinkingteaandsocialisingintheseplaces.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,Britonsbegantomaketeaintheirhomeswhenevertheyfeltlikeit.Kettlesbecameessentialineverykitchen.A．ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.B．Britainbegantodrinkteaintheseventeenthcentury.C．AtfirstpeopledrankthisteaexactlyasitwasinChina.D．TheteacultureofBritainisthemostfamousandtypical.E．Itisatraditionthatisstillgoingtodaybuthasbecomelesspopularinrecenttimes.F．AtthistimeBritishshipswereexploringtheworldandcameacrossthedrinkinChina.G．Inthelate1800s,thepriceofteadecreasedsharplyasmoreteabegantoarriveonshipsfromIndiaandChina.【答案】AFCEG【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了茶從中國到英國、逐漸流行起來的歷史。11．上文“Teaisdrunkbyallsectionsofsociety.”說明社會各階層都喝茶；下文“ThevastmajorityofteaisgrowninIndiaandChina.”說明大多數(shù)的茶葉都產(chǎn)自中國和印度?？崭裉幊猩蠁⑾?。故應(yīng)該從談?wù)摵炔柽^渡到談?wù)摬枞~種植；而后文指出種于印度和中國，故空格處英國是說英國人雖喝茶但是茶葉卻不是產(chǎn)自英國。選項A“ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.”但是茶葉不是在英國種植的，能承上啟下。故選A項。12．上文“TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.”說明茶葉傳到英國的時間是17世紀(jì)。而后文“Itwasnotlongbeforegreenteawasavailabletobuy.”告知不久之后綠茶就能買得到了。故可推斷出空格處是關(guān)于17世紀(jì)發(fā)生了什么事情導(dǎo)致茶葉不久之后就能購買了。F選項指出英國全球探險的船只在中國偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶這種飲品，即“cameacrossthedrinkinChina”符合前后文設(shè)置的語境。故選F項。13．前文“Blackteaarrivedatthistime.”指出18世紀(jì)紅茶也傳到了英國。后文“Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcharacteristic.”進(jìn)一步指出英國人很快發(fā)現(xiàn)把紅茶和一點牛奶、糖混合在一起特別好，由英國風(fēng)味。故可推測出最初英國人喝紅茶和中國人采取一樣的方式，后面才進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。故C選項“drankthisteaexactlyasitwasinChina”與語境相符。故選C項。14．前文“Atthistimetheybegantohave‘a(chǎn)fternoontea’.Thisinvolvesdrinkingteawithasnackaround4p.m.toavoidfeelinghungrybetweenlunchanddinner.”指出英國人逐漸開始喝下午茶，用茶搭配一些小點心以緩解午餐和晚餐之間的饑餓?？赏茢喑鲞@一段的核心是“下午茶”。E選項進(jìn)一步解釋“下午茶”是英國一大傳統(tǒng)“atradition”，但最近沒那么流行了“becomelesspopular”符合本段段落大意。故選E項。15．根據(jù)前文第二段到第四段的首句“inthe1600s”，“Atthebeginningofthe1700s”，“Inthe1800s”可推斷出本文介紹茶在英國的歷史主要以時間順序展開，故這一段首句也應(yīng)包含一個時間狀語。后文“Itwasnolongeradrinkjustforrichpeople.”表明茶葉不再是富人專享?？赏茢喑隹崭裉帒?yīng)該講述發(fā)生了何事導(dǎo)致茶葉的價格降低。G選項“asmoreteabegantoarriveonshipsfromIndiaandChina.”指出這是因為越來越多的茶葉通過船運(yùn)從印度和中國運(yùn)往英國，符合語境。故選G項。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（2019·福建·高一期末）OneofthemostimportanteventsinthemodernOlympicGamesistheMarathon(馬拉松)race.Therace___16___oneofthegreateventsinGreekhistory.In490BC．a(chǎn)bout10,000Greeks___17___againstthePersianarmyataplacecalledMarathon.Itis___18___thatthePersiansweretentimesas___19___astheGreeks.However,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.___20___thebraveattackoftheGreeks,thePersianswerebadlybeatenand___21___awayfromtheplainofMarathon.WhenthePersianshadrunaway,asoldier,whowasthemostfamous___22___inAthens,was___23___tocarrythegoodnewstothecityandhewasalsoaskedtomarchatfullspeed.Althoughhehadfoughtthroughthebattleand___24___manywounds,thesoldieratoncestartedofftowardthe____25____city____26____wastwenty-sixandaquartermilesfromtheplainofMarathontotheMarketplaceofAthens,____27____theretheeldersofAthenshadgathered____28____fornews.Heranandranover____29____andacrossplains.Ashewenton,hislipsbecame____30____andhisbreathinghard,butwhenhethoughtofthejoyofthepeopleofAthensonhearingthenews,heranharderthanever.AtlasttheeldersofAthensheardagreatshoutandsawasoldierstaggering(蹣跚)towardthem.”Rejoice!Rejoice!Wewon!”saidthesoldier,andfelldowndead.Inhonorofthisnoblesoldierandathlete,wehaveinthemodernOlympicGamestheMarathonrace,wheretheathletesrunthissamedistance.16．A．comeround B．cameabout C．cameout D．camefrom17．A．exploded B．competed C．fought D．hunted18．A．designed B．said C．told D．reported19．A．little B．few C．many D．much20．A．In B．To C．Before D．By21．A．taken B．driven C．got D．rolled22．A．player B．officer C．soldier D．runner23．A．a(chǎn)dvised B．ordered C．succeeded D．a(chǎn)llowed24．A．a(chǎn)ccepted B．harmed C．received D．formed25．A．far B．nearby C．close D．distant26．A．This B．That C．There D．It27．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so28．A．a(chǎn)sking B．calling C．waiting D．looking29．A．railways B．hills C．rivers D．highways30．A．fancy B．wet C．red D．dry【答案】DCBCDBDBCDDACBD【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會的馬拉松比賽是為了紀(jì)念一個從戰(zhàn)場上跑到雅典傳送捷報的希臘士兵而舉辦的。16．考查動詞短語辨析。A.comeround蘇醒；B.cameabout產(chǎn)生；C.cameout出現(xiàn)、出版；D.camefrom來自、源自。根據(jù)本空后的“oneofthegreateventsinGreekhistory.”可知，馬拉松比賽源自希臘歷史上最偉大的事件之一，故D選項切題。17．考查動詞詞義辨析。A.exploded爆炸；B.competed競爭；C.fought斗爭、戰(zhàn)斗；D.hunted捕獵。根據(jù)本空后的“againstthePersianarmyataplacecalledMarathon.”可知，公元前490年，大約一萬希臘士兵與波斯軍隊作戰(zhàn)，故C選項切題。18．考查動詞詞義辨析。A.designed設(shè)計；B.said說；C.told告訴；D.reported報道。根據(jù)本空后的“thatthePersiansweretentimesas…astheGreeks.”可知，據(jù)說，波斯軍隊的人數(shù)是希臘人的十倍，故B選項切題。19．考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.little少、幾乎沒有（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）；B.few少、幾乎沒有（修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）；C.many多（修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）；D.much多（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）。波斯軍隊的人數(shù)是希臘人的十倍，故C選項切題。20．考查固定搭配。根據(jù)本空后的“thebraveattackoftheGreeks,thePersianswerebadlybeatenand…awayfromtheplainofMarathon.”可知，在希臘人的英勇進(jìn)攻下，波斯人遭到重創(chuàng)，被趕出了馬拉松平原，Bytheattackof表示“在……的進(jìn)攻下”，故D選項切題。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。A.taken帶走；B.driven驅(qū)趕；C.got得到；D.rolled滾動。波斯人遭到重創(chuàng)，被趕出了馬拉松平原，故B選項切題。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。A.player玩家；B.officer官員；C.soldier士兵；D.runner長跑運(yùn)動員。這個士兵是雅典最出名的長跑運(yùn)動員，故D選項切題。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。A.advised建議；B.ordered命令；C.succeeded成功；D.allowed允許。根據(jù)本空后的“tocarrythegoodnewstothecityandhewasalsoaskedtomarchatfullspeed.”可知，這個士兵被命令全速奔跑，把波斯軍隊撤退的好消息帶到城里，故B選項切題。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。A.accepted接受；B.harmed有害；C.received收到；D.formed形成。根據(jù)本空前的“hehadfoughtthroughthebattleand可知，這個士兵參加了戰(zhàn)斗并受了很多傷，故C選項切題。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.far久遠(yuǎn)的；B.nearby近的；C.close親密的；D.distant遙遠(yuǎn)的（形容距離）。盡管受了很多傷，這個士兵還是向遙遠(yuǎn)的城市出發(fā)了，故D選項切題。26．考查形式主語。從馬拉松平原到雅典市集有26.25英里，用It作形式主語，故D選項切題。27．考查連詞詞義辨析。A.and并且、還；B.but但是；C.or否則；D.so所以。雅典的長者聚在那里等待前方的消息，此處表示并列，故A選項切題。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。A.asking問；B.calling呼叫；C.waiting等待；D.looking看。他們聚在那里等待前方的消息，故C選項切題。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。A.railways鐵路；B.hills山；C.rivers河流；D.highways高速公路。根據(jù)本空后的“andacrossplains.”可知，他越過高山，穿過平原，故B選項切題。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.fancy美妙的；B.wet濕的；C.red紅的；D.dry干的。長時間的奔跑使他的嘴唇變干裂，故D選項切題。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（2019·全國全國·高一課時練習(xí)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheVikings,agroupofpeople__31__ancestorscamefromScandinavia,werethefirstEuropeans__32__(reach)America.In982AD,therewere10,000Vikings__33__(live)inIceland.According__34__theoldstories,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommitted__35__murder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.HereachedGreenlandandthenreturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeopleaboutGreenland.Later,hesetsailagain,with25ships,ofwhichonly14made__36__toGreenland.AmancalledBiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinan__37__(know)landthatnohumansseemedtohavesteppedon,fromwherehereachedGreenland.In1002,ErictheRed’ssonLeiffollowedBiarni’sdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresent-dayCanada.Hethensailed__38__(far)southtoanislandnowknownasNewfoundland.Weknowabouttheirdeedsthroughstorieswhich__39__(write)downcenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.Theyarethefirst___40___(record)wehaveofEuropeanssailingtotheAmerica.【答案】31．whose32．toreach33．living34．to35．a(chǎn)36．it37．unknown38．further39．werewritten40．records【分析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了維京人是第一批到達(dá)美洲的歐洲人。31．考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：維京人是最早到達(dá)美洲的歐洲人，他們的祖先來自斯堪的納維亞半島。分析句子可知，“1ancestorscamefromScandinavia”是定語從句，修飾先行詞people，空處在從句中作定語，表示所屬關(guān)系，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。32．考查動詞不定式。句意：維京人是最早到達(dá)美洲的歐洲人，他們的祖先來自斯堪的納維亞半島。當(dāng)名詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，要用todo作后置定語。故填toreach。33．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：公元982年，冰島居住著10000名維京人。這里指住在冰島的維京人。Vikings與live在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，所以用living。故填living。34．考查介詞。句意：根據(jù)古老的故事，ErictheRed被迫離開冰島，因為他犯了謀殺罪，為此他陷入了麻煩。accordingto“根據(jù)”為固定搭配。故填to。35．考查冠詞。句意：根據(jù)古老的故事，ErictheRed被迫離開冰島，因為他犯了謀殺罪，為此他陷入了麻煩。此處表泛指，且murder的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭的，故用a。故填a。36．考查代詞。句意：后來，他帶著25艘船再次起航，其中只有14艘到成功達(dá)格陵蘭島。makeit“成功”為固定短語。故填it。37．考查形容詞。句意：一個叫Biarni的人原本想和和埃里克在一起的父親一起航行，但他被吹離了航線，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處一片無人涉足的未知之地，從那里他到達(dá)了格陵蘭島。unknown“未知的”為形容詞修飾名詞land，且符合句意。故填unknown。38．考查比較級。句意：然后他繼續(xù)向南航行，到達(dá)一個現(xiàn)在被稱為紐芬蘭的島嶼。根據(jù)語境可知，他接著往更南的地方航行。故用further表示“較遠(yuǎn)，更遠(yuǎn)”。故填further。39．考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句意：我們通過幾個世紀(jì)后在挪威和冰島寫下的故事了解了他們的事跡。根據(jù)全文時態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，且故事是被寫下的，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故填werewritten。40．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：它們是我們第一次有歐洲人航行到美國的記錄。They指那些故事，說明記錄不止一個，record為可數(shù)名詞，所以用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填records?！军c睛】定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇可考慮以下三點：(1)一看先行詞的意義，即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時間、地點還是原因(如指物時不能用who或whom，指人時通常不用which等。(2)二看關(guān)系詞的句法功能，即分清關(guān)系詞是擔(dān)任什么句子成分，是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等(如作定語通常用whose，有時也用which；作狀語要用when,where,why。(3)三看定語從句的種類，即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句(如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知，“1ancestorscamefromScandinavia”是定語從句，修飾先行詞people，空處在從句中作定語，表示所屬關(guān)系，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose。故小題1填whose。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分)（2021·安徽淮南·一模）你校正在組織英語作文比賽。請以我最喜歡的中國歷史人物為題，寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：1.該人物及其主要貢獻(xiàn)簡介；2.該人物對你的影響。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.短文題目已為你寫好。MyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:MyfavoritefigureinChinesehistoryWhenitcomestomyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory,itmustbeConfucius.Asisknowntoall,heisoneofthegreatestthinkersandeducatorsinChina.Heestablishedaneducationalsystem,whichmadeanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesetraditionalculture.Furthermore,hemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.TodevelopfriendshipswithothercountriesandpopularizetheChineseculture,wehavesetupConfuciusInstitutesallovertheworldinrecentyears.Infact,histhoughtsalwaysinspiremetopursueknowledgeandI'dliketobeateacherlikehimoneday.【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于說明文，要求考生以“我最喜歡的中國歷史人物”為題寫一篇作文，介紹該人物的貢獻(xiàn)和對自己的影響?！驹斀狻康谝徊剑簩忣}體裁：說明文時態(tài)：根據(jù)提示，時態(tài)主要為一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時,少量現(xiàn)在完成時。結(jié)構(gòu)：總分法總分法指把主題句作為總說，把支持句作為分說，并以這種方式安排所寫內(nèi)容。要求：1.該人物及其主要貢獻(xiàn)簡介；2.該人物對你的影響。第二步:列提綱（重點詞組）aneducationalsystem;makeanenormousimpacton;helpsb.dosth.;setup;allovertheworld;inspiresb.todosth.;wouldliketodosth.第三步：連詞成句1.Heestablishedaneducationalsystem,whichmadeanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesetraditionalculture.2.Furthermore,hemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.3.TodevelopfriendshipswithothercountriesandpopularizetheChineseculture,wehavesetupConfuciusInstitutesallovertheworldinrecentyears.4.Infact,histhoughtsalwaysinspiremetopursueknowledgeandI'dliketobeateacherlikehimoneday.根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進(jìn)行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。第四步：連句成篇（銜接詞）表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系：Furthermore連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰?！军c睛】[高分句型1]Heestablishedaneducationalsystem,whichmadeanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesetraditionalculture.用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。[高分句型2]Furthermore,hemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.用了that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。第二節(jié)(滿分25分)（2021·福建·廈門市松柏中學(xué)高三期中）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Formanyyears,Ihadarecurringdream.Iwasalittlegirlagain,rushingabout,tryingtogetreadyforschool.“Hurry,you'llbelateforschool,”mymothercalledtome.“Iamhurrying,Mom!WhatdidIdowithmybooks?”DeepinsideIknewwherethedreamcamefrom.Itwasaboutsomeunfinishedbusinessinmylife.Asakid,Ilovedeverythingaboutschool.Ilovedbooks,teachers,testsandhomework.MostofallIlongedtosomedaymarchdowntheaisletoreceivemydiploma.Thatseemedmoreappealingeventhangettingmarried.Butat15,Ihadtodropoutbecausemyparentscouldn'taffordtuition.Myhopeofgettingadiplomawasdead,orsoIthought.Prettysoon,Imarriedandhadthreechildren,andIthought:“Theregoesmydiploma.”Evenso,Iwantedmychildrentobeeducated.ButLinda,ouryoungestchild,hadjuvenilearthritisinherhandsandknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertofunctioninanormalclassroom.IfeltsorryforherandIdidn'twanthertoliveherlifewithregret.Ididn'tgiveuphopeofherbeingbacktoschoolinsomeway.Oneday,Isawanadinthenewspaperforeveningcourses.“That'stheanswer,”Isaidtomyself.Lindaalwaysfeelsbetterintheevening,soI'lljustsignherupfornightschool.Lindawasbusyfillingoutenrollmentformswhenthesecretarysaid:“Mrs.Schantz,whydon'tyoucomebacktoschool?”Ilaughed:“There'snoway!I'm55!”Buthepersisted,andbeforeIknewwhatIhaddone,IwasenrolledforclassesinEnglishandcrafts.“Thisisonlyanexperiment,