微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)全英課程教學(xué)大綱

《微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》課程教學(xué)大綱

一、課程基本信息

課程代碼：16043603

課程名稱：微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)（全英）

英文名稱：PrincipleofMicroeconomics

課程類別：專業(yè)課

學(xué)時(shí)：45

學(xué)分：3

適用對(duì)象：金融學(xué)「2+2”實(shí)驗(yàn)班）本科生

考核方式：考試

先修課程：微積分

二、課程簡介

這門入門課程講授微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究稀缺資源的分配一一不同

的社會(huì)以不同的方式執(zhí)行這一任務(wù)。在西方社會(huì)，主要依靠經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng)和價(jià)格。我們將

討論評(píng)估我們社會(huì)資源分配的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并分析兩個(gè)主要行為者一一消費(fèi)者和企業(yè)的行

為。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理將在各和市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的背景下提出，包括消費(fèi)者理論、生產(chǎn)者理論、企

業(yè)行為、市場(chǎng)均衡、壟斷以及政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用。

Thisintroductorycourseteachesthefundamentalsofmicroeconomics.Economics

dealswiththeallocationofscarceresources-ataskthatdifferentsocietiesperformin

differentways.Inthewesternsociety,primaryrelianceisplacedoneconomicmarketsand

prices,wewilldiscussthecriteriatoevaluateoursociety'sallocationofresourcesand

analyzethebehavioroftwooftheprincipalactors-consumersandfirms.Theprinciplesof

economicswillbepresentedinthecontextofvariousmarketstructures.Topicsinclude

consumertheory,producertheory,thebehavioroffirms,marketequilibrium,monopoly,

andtheroleofthegovernmentintheeconomy.

三、課程性質(zhì)與教學(xué)目的

本課程旨在讓學(xué)生了解市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的動(dòng)態(tài)，以及如何通過其機(jī)制分配稀缺資源。政

府在這一市場(chǎng)體系中的理論和實(shí)際作用也將得到解決。課程中所獲得的知識(shí)將使學(xué)生

更好地了解公民，并允許他們跟隨新聞媒體報(bào)道的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)事件和政策進(jìn)行辯論。這

門課程也是一門基礎(chǔ)課程，能讓學(xué)生在高級(jí)財(cái)務(wù)、市場(chǎng)營銷、商業(yè)管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、政

府和社會(huì)工作課程中取得成功。

Thiscourseismeantiogivestudentsinsightintothedynamicsofamarketbased

economyandhowthroughitsmechanismscarceresourcesarcallocated.Thetheoreticaland

actualroleofthegovernmentinthismarketsystemwillalsobeaddressed.Theknowledge

gainedinthecoursewillmakestudentsbetterinformedcitizensandallowthemtofollowthe

debatesovervariouseconomiceventsandpoliciesreportedinthenewsmedia.Thiscourseis

alsoafoundationcoursethatwillpreparestudentstobesuccessfulinupperdivisionfinance,

marketing,businessadministration,economics,government,andsocialworkcourses.

另外，在本課程學(xué)習(xí)中，除了讓學(xué)生理解并掌握微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基本理論及基本方

法，了解西方經(jīng)濟(jì)理論對(duì)我國當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到的借鑒作用。更重要的是取其精華，

去其糟粕，融入思政元素，以潛移默化的方式讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)代中國在改革開放、創(chuàng)新

發(fā)展中的熱點(diǎn)，從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)精神，從而增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的國家榮譽(yù)感和文

化自信，并樹立正確的價(jià)值觀、人生觀和世界觀。

本課程計(jì)劃在chapter、4、5、7、15、16共6個(gè)章節(jié)融入思政元素。

四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容及要求

PART1GETINGACQUANTEDWITHECONOMICS

Chapter1WhatIsEconomics?

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Knowaboutsomebasiceconomicprinciples

2.Understandingthetoolsthateconomistsuse

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

IdeasforBeyondtheFinalExam

InsidetheEconomist'sToolkit

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Opportunitycost;Abstraction;Theory;Correlation;EconomicModel;Variable

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

Thetextarguesthatsinceexchangeofgoodsandservicesisvoluntary,boththebuyer

andthesellerbenefit（otherwisetheywouldnotagreetotheexchange）,andthereforemost

lawsthatprohibitexchangesarcmisguided.Doyouthinkthegovernmentshouldprohibit

theexchangeofa）crackcocaine,b）prostitution,c）thelaborofchildren?

Anexternalcostisacostimposeduponathirdparly,someonewhoneitherbuysnor

sellstheproduct.Forexample,amanufacturerwhosendswastesupthroughthe

smokestackmayimposethecostofdirtyairuponthecitizens-butundertheordinary

marketmechanism,themanufacturerdoesnothavetopayforthiscost.Inthiscase,doyou

thinkthegovernmentshouldintervene,andifsohow?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

WhataretheopportunitycostsoftheUnitedStatesmaintainingalargeand

technologicallysophisticatedmilitaryforce?Whatarcthebenefitstothecountry?Doyou

thinkthebenefitsareworththecost?

Youmaybeworriedaboutthecostofhousinginyourcommunity.Risingrentsmakeit

increasinglydifficultforlow-andmoderate-incomepeopletofindadequate

shelter.Studentsoftenhavetroublefindinglodgingtheycanafford.Woulditbeagoodidea

foryourlocalgovernmenttoputalegalceilingonrents,inordertoinsuretheaffordability

ofhousing?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

Chapter2TheEconomy:MythandReality

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.KnowaboutthekeycharacteristicsoftheU.S.Economy.

2.Understandingthethemeaningofinputandoutput

3.Knowabouthowbusinesses,people,andthegovernmentinteractintheeconomy

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

TheAmericanEconomy:AThumbnailSketch

TheInputs:LaborandCapital

TheOutputs:WhatDocsAmericaProduce?

TheCentralRoleofBusinessFirms

Whal'sMissingFromThePicture?Government

Conclusion:It'sAMixedEconomy

思政元素，該章節(jié)介紹美國經(jīng)濟(jì)，可以讓學(xué)生3學(xué)本章，采取小組討論的形式查

找資料學(xué)習(xí)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展歷程并進(jìn)行演講?？梢蕴岣邔W(xué)生課堂參與度及團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能

力，也可以增強(qiáng)其對(duì)祖國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展偉大成就的自豪感，從而堅(jiān)定對(duì)中國特色社會(huì)主義

制度的自信。

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

FactorsofProductionorInputsOutputs;Grossdomesticproduct（GDP）;Open

economy;Closedeconomy;Recession;Transferpayments;Progressivetax;Mixedeconomy

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

Ineachofthesecases,discusswhetherthevalueoftheopportunitycostislikelytobe

thesame,greaterorlessthanthedirectmoneycost.

a）ChemicalsareproducedinafactoryinLosAngeles.Thecompanypaysforallitsinputs,

labor,etc.,anditdischargesitswastesintotheatmosphere,b）Thegovernmentpayswages

toworkerswhoareskilledbutunemployed,puttingthemtoworkproducinggoodsina

factorythathaspreviouslybeenidle.c）Thegovernmenthiresworkerstobuildaroad,

attractingthemawayfromanofficeconstructionproject.

d）TicketsforthelocalpremiereofthenewStarWarsmoviegoonsaleat8:00a.m.,for

$40each.Tobeassuredofgettingone,youcampoutallnightinfrontoftheticketBooth.

Thetextarguesthatourstandardoflivingdependsuponthedivisionoflabor,uponthe

factpeoplespecialize,developskillsintheirspecialization,andthenexchangeforthe

goodsandservicestheydonotproduce.Doyouthinkitispossibletocarrythedivisionof

labortoofar?Isitlikelythatpeoplegetso“over-specialized“thattheybecomealienated,

andlosetheircreativityandtheirabilitytounderstandabroadrangeofproblems?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

Picktheonegovernmentprogramthataboveallothersyoubelieveshouldbe

expanded.Whatwouldtheopportunitycostbeofthatexpansion?Howwouldyoupersuade

othersthatthiscostisworthincurring?

Doyouthinkyourcollegeisoperatingatthefrontierofitsproductionpossibilities

frontier?Doyouseeanywaste,andifso,doyouseewaysofeliminatingthatwaste?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

Chapter4SupplyandDemand:AnInitialLook

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Understandingthemechanismofsupplyanddemand;

2.Knowabouthowpricesandquantitiesaredeterminedinafreemarket

（-）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

TheInvisibleHand

DemandandQuantityDemanded

SupplyandQuantitySupplied

SupplyandDemandEquilibrium

EffectsofDemandShiftOnSupply-DemandEquilibrium

SupplyShiftsandSupply-DemandEquilibrium

BattlingTheInvisibleHand:TheMarketFightsBack

思政元素：該章節(jié)介紹供給需求理論，可以采取案例教學(xué)的形式分析我國利用市

場(chǎng)機(jī)制，從供給和需求雙方調(diào)控房價(jià)，從而減少房產(chǎn)投機(jī)，引導(dǎo)資金流入實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的

政策.將理論與中國案例相結(jié)合提高教學(xué)內(nèi)容的實(shí)用性，有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生逐步形成經(jīng)

濟(jì)學(xué)分析思維。

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

InvisibleHand;QuantityDemanded;DemandSchedule;DemandCurve;Shiftina

DemandCurve;QuantitySupplied;SupplySchedule;SupplyCurve;Shortage,

Surplus;Equilibrium;LawofSupplyandDemand;PriceCeiling;PriceFloor

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

ThegovernmentoftheformerSovietUnionkeptconsumerpricesartificiallylow.

Shortagesofgoodsweremassive,thetypicalexperienceofshoppersbeingtolineupfor

manyhoursandthenfindthatthegoodswerenotavailable.TheRussianRepublic,which

succeededtheSovietUnion,iriedtomovetoamarketsystem,inwhichpricesweresetby

supplyanddemand.Doyouthinkthiswasagoodidea?Whowashelpedandwhohurt?

Arethebenefitsfromashifttothemarketlikelytooccurimmediately,ortakealongtime?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

TheUnitedStateshasaperpetualfarmingproblem.Thepricesoffoodseemtobe

fallingconstantly.Manyfarmerscannotmakealiving,abandontheirfarms,andmoveto

thecity.Thedemandcurveforfoodasawholeisquitesteep（thatis,thequantityoffood

boughtisnotverysensitivetochangesinprice）.Technologicalchangesandproductivity

improvementsinAmericanfarminghavebeenrapidandcontinuous.Whatarethe

advantagesanddisadvantagesoftryingtosolvetheproblembysettingpricefloorsfor

agriculturaloutput?

TheQuantityDemandedofcollegeeducationfrommanyoftheeliteU.S.universities

farexceedstheQuantitySupplied.Thisisevidencedbytheverysmallacceptanceratesat

schoolslikeStanfordandHarvard.Thisshortageappearstobepersistentgiventhefactthat

theseacceptancerateshaveremainedverylowforaverylongtime.Isthissituation

contrarytotheconceptofequilibriumpresentedinthischapter?Whyorwhynot?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

PART2THEBUILDINGBLOCKSOFDEMANDANDSUPPLY

Chapter5ConsumerChoice:IndividualAndMarketDemand

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Understandingtheconcepts“utilily"and"marginalanalysis”;

2.Understandinghowtoanalyzepurchasedecisions;

3.Understandinghowtoanalyzepurchasedecisions

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

ScarcityandDemand

Utility:ATooltoAnalyzePurchaseDecisions

BehavioralEconomics:AreEconomicDecisionsReallyMade“RationaHy”?

ConsumerChoiceAsaTrade-off:OpportunityCost

FromIndividualDemandCurvesToMarketDemandCurves

IndifferenceCurveAnalysis

思政元素：該章節(jié)接介紹消費(fèi)者的選擇?？梢圆扇≈v授法，結(jié)合我國目前經(jīng)濟(jì)“雙

循環(huán)”的背景，提出消費(fèi)是影響我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展重要因素。讓學(xué)生了解綠色消費(fèi)、信息

消費(fèi)和共享消費(fèi)等新型的消費(fèi)觀念與模式，幫助學(xué)生樹立正確的價(jià)值觀和消費(fèi)觀。

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

TotalUtility;MarginalUtility;“Law"ofdiminishingMarginalUtility;Marginal

Analysis;Consumer'sSurplus;InferiorGood,BudgetLine;IndifferentCurve;SlopeofA

BudgetLine;SlopeofAIndifferentCurve

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

^Economistsarewrongtopaysomuchattentiontothemargin,tothelastunitofa

goodthatisbought.Thelastunitistheleastimportant.Theyshouldfocustheirattentionon

themoreimportantearlierunits."Discuss.

“Thetextexplainsthatconsumerswhofollowtheoptimalpurchaserulewillbehave

suchthattheirdemandcurveforagoodisthesameastheirmarginalutilitycurve.Thisis

aninterestingbutnotveryrelevantpieceofinformation.Consumersdonotfollowan

optimalpurchaserule.Theybuyonimpulse,andtheyoftenbuythingsthatdothemno

good.Itisaseriousmistaketodevelopmodelsbasedontheassumptionthathuman

behaviorisrational.”Discuss.

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

“Pricehasnothingtodowithutilityorvalue.TicketstotheworstBroadwayplaycost

$50,whileticketstoOscar-winningmoviescostnomorethan$10,Irestmycase."Discuss

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

Chapter6DemandAndElasticity

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Understandingtheconcepts“utility"and“marginalanalysis”;

2.Understandinghowtoanalyzepurchasedecisions;Understandinghowtoanalyze

purchasedecisions

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

Elasticity:TheMeasureofResponsiveness

PriceElasticityofDemand:ItsEffectonTotalRevenueandTotalExpenditure

WhatDeterminesDemandElasticity

ElasticityAsACentralConcept

TheTimePeriodOfTheDemandCurveAndEconomicDecisionMaking

RealWorldApplication:PolaroidVersusKodak

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

（Price）ElasticityofDemand;ElasticDemand;InelasticDemand;Unit-Elastic

Demand;IncomeElasticityofDemandComplements;Substitutes;Crosselasticityof

demand（forproductxtoachangeinthepriceofanotherproducty）;OptimalDecision

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

Anexcisetaxmaybeimposedonacommodityinordertoraiserevenueforthe

government,orinordertoreducetheconsumptionofthegood.

a）Whyarethesegoalsinconflictwitheachother?

b）Whatistherelevanceofthepriceelasticityofdemandindeterminingwhichofthe

goalsislikelytobemostfullymet?

c）Whydoyouthinkexcisetaxesongasoline,tobacco,andalcoholarecommon?

Isitmoreusualtofindrelationshipsofcomplementarityorsubstitutabilitybetween

goods?Why?

Willadvertiserstrytoraiseorlowerthepriceelasticityofdemandforthegoodthey

arcadvertising?Why?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

Explainwhy,whenthepriceofagoodchanges,thepriceelasticityofdemandislikely

tobehigherorlowerasalongerperiodoftimeelapses.ConsiderasanexampletheOPEC

oilpriceincreasesinthe1970s.

“Ademandcurveshowsdifferentquantitiesthatwouldbeboughtduringaperiodif

thepricewereatdifferentlevels,assumingthatallotherfactorsinfluencingpurchases

remainedconstant.Itisofverylimitedifanyuse,sinceatanyonetimethereisonlyone

price,notmany,andalsosinceaspricesdochangeoverlime,mostoftheotherfactors

influencingdemandchange,too."Discuss.

(四)教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

Chapter7Production,Inputs,AndCost:BuildingBlocksForSupplyAnalysis

(一)目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Understandingfirms'productioncosts

2.Understandinghowbusinessescanselectoptimalinputcombinations

(二)教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

Short-RunVersusLong-RunCosts:WhatMakesAnInputVariable?

Production,InputChoiceandCostWithOneVariableInput

MultipleInputDecisions:TheChoiceofOptimalInputCombinations

CostandItsDependenceonOutput

EconomiesofScale

思政元素：該章節(jié)介紹生產(chǎn)者行為理論。可以結(jié)合當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)問題企業(yè)追求生產(chǎn)利

潤最大化與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的矛盾讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論，使其在主動(dòng)思考和參與討論的過程中

了解我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

ShortRun;LongRun;FixedCost;VariablcCost;TotalPhysicalProduct(TPP);

AveragePhysicalProduct(APP);MarginalPhysicalProduct(MPP);MarginalRevenue

Product(MRP);EconomiesofScale(IncreasingReturnstoScale);ProductionIndifference

Curve;BudgetLine;ExpansionPath;

3.問題與應(yīng)用(能力要求)

Whyisitwiseforafirmtouseinputsbeyondthepointofdiminishingreturns?

Discussthelikelyshapeoftheaveragecostcurveforfirmsineachofthefollowing

industries.Areminimumaveragecostsapttooccuratanoutputthatislargerelativetothe

totaloutputinthemarket,orsmall?Whatsortofeconomiesofscalearefirmsinthese

industriesliabletoface?

a)Farmingb)Telephoneservicec)Steeld)Neighborhoodgrocerye)Tollbridge

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

“Itisallverywelltotalkaboutfirmschangingtheirproportionsofcapital,labor,and

materialswhenthepricesofthosethingschange,inordertominimizecosts,butthatisnot

howthingsworkintherealworld.Iffirmsaregoingtobecompetitive,theyhavetobuy

thelatesttechnology,andthetechnologyisnotflexible.Eachmachinerequiresacertain

numberofoperators,andacertainamountofmaterials.Thoseinputscannotbechanged;

factorproportionsarefixed,nomatterhowtheirpricesmaychange."Discuss.

Inthepasthalfcentury,theU.S.laborforcehasmorethandoubled.Wchavelearned

inthischapterthataslaborincreases,itsmarginalproducttendstofall,andfurthermore

thatthepricepaidtoafactorofproductionlendstobeproportionaltoitsmarginalproduct.

Onewouldthinkthattheaveragewagesoflaborwouldhavefallen.Butinfact,realwages

almosttripledoverthisperiod.Why?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

Chapter8Output,Price,AndProfit:TheImportanceofMarginalAnalysis

（-）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

Understandinghowbusinessfirmsseektomaximizetotalprofit

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

PriceAndQuantity:OneDecision.NotTwo

TotalProfit:KeepYourEyeOntheGoal

EconomicProfitAndOptimalDecisionMaking

MarginalAnalysisAndMaximizationofTotalProfit

Generalization:TheLogicOfMarginalAnalysisAndMaximization

Conclusion:TheFundamentalRoleOfMarginalanalysis

TheTheoryAndReality:AWordOfCaution

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

OptimalDecision;TotalProfit;EconomicProfit;TotalRevenue;AverageRevenue;

MarginalRcvcnuc;MarginalProfit;Curvc;BudgctLine;ExpansionPath

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

Firmsthataresuccessfulsometimestaketheirprofitabilityasasignalthattheyshould

expand.Whydoesthisexpansionsometimesgettheminserioustrouble?

Thedecision-makinganalysispresentedinthischapterrestsheavilyontheproposition

thatfirmsequatemarginalcostandmarginalrevenue.Butaccountantsfinditverydifficult

ifnotimpossibletocalculatemarginalcostandmarginalrevenue.Docsthismeanthatthis

kindofanalysisisnotveryuseful?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

What,ifanything,dotheseinstitutionsmaximize?

a）Aconsumer-owned,cooperativegrocerystoreb）TheDepartmentofDefenseofthe

federalgovernmentc）TheRedCrossd）Theeconomicsdepartmentofyourcollege

c）Thelocalpublicradiostationf）Thehouseholdinwhichyougrewup

Thinkofadecision-makingsituationinwhicheachoftheinstitutionsinQuestion1is

attemptingtooptimizeormaximize.Whatinthisinstitutioncorrespondstothe

comparisonofmarginalcostandmarginalrevenueinaprofit-maximizingfirm?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

PART3MARKETSANDTHEPRICESYSTEM

Chapter10TheFirmAndTheIndustryUnderPerfectCompetition

（-）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

Understandingthespecialtypeofmarketstructure-pcrfectcompetition

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

PerfectCompetitionDefined

ThePerfectionCompetitiveFirm

ThePerfectlyCompetitiveIndustry

PerfectCompetitionAndEconomicEfficiency

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

PriceTaker;VariableCost;SupplyCurveofaFirm;SupplyCurveofanIndustry;

EconomicProfit;

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

Whendemandrisesinaperfectlycompetitivemarket,doyouthinkthelong-run

equilibriumpricewillrise,fall,orstayconstant?Whatwilldeterminethis?

Whatexamplesofperfectlycompetitivemarketscanyouthinkofintheeconomy?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

Underwhatcircumstanceswilldroughthelporhurtafarmer?

Thetextstatesthatfourconditionsarenecessaryfbrtheexistenceofaperfectly

competitivemarket.Discusseachone.

a）Numerousparticipants:Roughlyhowmanysellersdoyouthinkarcneededtomake

amarketperfectlycompetitive?

b）Homogeneityofproduct:Howwouldperfectcompetitionbealteredifbuyerscould

distinguishbetweentheproductsofdifferentproducers?

c）Freedomofentryandexit:Howmightthisconditionbeviolated?Whatsortsof

barrierstoentryorexitmightexist?

d）Perfectinformation:Whatexactlyneedstobeknown,andbywhom,inorderto

makecompetitionperfect?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

Chapter11Monopoly

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

Understandingmonopolizedindustriesandtheconsequencesofsuchaflawinthe

marketsystem

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

MonopolyDefined

TheMonopolist'sSupplyDecision

CanAnythingGoodBeSaidAboutMonopoly?

PriceDiscriminationUnderMonopoly

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

PureMonopoly;BarrierstoEntry;Patents;NaturalMonopoly;MonopolyProfits;

PriceDiscrimination

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

“Thegovernmentshouldprohibitpricediscriminationwiththesamevigorthatit

attacksracialandgenderdiscrimination.Discuss.

“Therearenopuremonopoliesintherealworld.Therearealwayssubstitutesforthe

outputofanyfirm.Whenthepriceofagoodrises,consumerscanalwaysdecidetobuy

somethingelse."Discuss.

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

“Oneofthemostridiculousgovernmententerprisesisthepatentoffice.Itpermits

inventorsofnewprocessesandproductstocreatemonopolies,whenweknowverywell

thatmonopoliesreduceoutput,raiseprice,andinotherwaysacttogougethepublic.”

Discuss.

“Economistsarewrongtoarguethatmonopoliesharmthepublicwelfare.Thepublic

actuallybenefitsfromtheexistenceoflargemonopoliesthathavetheresourcestoinvestin

researchanddevelopment,andthathavethescaletousemoderntechnologyatitsmost

efficientlevel."Discuss.

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

Chapter12BetweenCompetitionAndMonopoly

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Understandingthecharacteristicsofmonopolisticcompetition

2.Understandingpriceandoutputdeterminationundermonopolisticcompetition

3.Understandingthemarketstructureofoligopoly

4.Knowaboutthebasicconceptofgametheory

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

MonopolyCompetition

Oligopoly

MonopolisticCompetition,Oligopoly,AndPublicWelfare

AGlanceBackward:ComparingTheFourMarketForms

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

MonopolisticCompetition;01igopoIy:Carte1:PriceLeadership;PriceWar;

SalesMaximization;StickyPrice;KinkedDemandCurve;PayoffMatrix;Dominant

Strategy;Maxi-minCriterion;NashEquilibrium;Zero-SumGame;RepeatedGame;

CredibleThreat;PerfectlyContestableMarket

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

Inmonopolisticcompetition,thedifferentiationoffirms'productsleadstonegatively

slopingdemandcurves,andthisinturnleadstoalong-runequilibriumcharacterizedby

excesscapacityandcoststhatarcabovetheminimumattainable.Doyoubelievethe

governmentshouldtakeactiontostandardizeproductssoastomakedemandcurvesfor

monopolisticcompetitorsmoreelastic,andtherebyeliminateIhewastefulnessofexcess

capacity?Whyorwhynot?

Standardizedproducts（forexample,steel）characterizesomeoligopolisticmarkets,

whiledifferentiatedproducts（forexample,automobiles）characterizeothers.What

differencesinfirmbehaviorwouldyouexpecttoexistbecauseofthis?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

Whatarethebenefitsandcoststosocietyofadvertisingbyautomobilecompanies?By

beercompanies?

Doyouthinkthatthepracticeofpriceleadershipinanoligopolisticindustryis

harmfultothepublicinterest?Shouldthegovernmenttakestepstopreventit?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等。

PART4THEVITURESANDLIMITATIONSOFMARKETS

Chapter14TheCaseForFreeMarketI:ThePriceSystem

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Understandinghowperfectcompetitionachievesefficiency

2.Underslan（linghowperfectcompetitionachievesoptimaloutput

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

EfficientResourceAllocationAndPricing

ScarcityandTheNeedToCoordinateEconomicDecisions

HowPerfectCompetitionAchievesEfficiency:AGraphicAnalysis

HowPerfectCompetitionAchievesOptimalOutput:MarginalAnalysis

TowardAssessmentofThePriceMechanism

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

EfficientAllocationofResources;LaissczFaire;Input-OutputAnalysis;Consumer's

Surplus;Producer'sSurplus

3.問題與應(yīng)用（能力要求）

Somepeoplearguethatthepoorshouldbegivenmoney;otherssaythatthepoor

shouldbegivenvoucherstoprovidefornecessities,suchasfood,shelter,andclothing.

Presumingthatbothmethodscostthetaxpayersthesame,whichdoyouthinkwouldbe

better,fromthepointofviewofpoorpeopleandfromthepointofviewofsocietyasa

whole?

（三）思考與實(shí)踐

Whatsortsofeconomicproblemsdoyouthinkthemarketisnotgoodatsolving?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等

Chapter15TheShortcomingOfFreeMarkets

(一)目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

Understandingsomesourcesofmarketfailure

(-)教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

WhatDoesTheMarketDoPoorly?

EfficientResourceAllocation:AReview

Externalities:GettingThePricesWrong

ProvisionOfPublicGoods

AllocationOfResourcesBetweenPresentAndFuture

SomeOtherSourcesOfMarketFailure

MarketFailureAndGovernmentFailure

TheCostDiseaseOfSomeVitalService:InvitationToGovernmentFailure

思政元素：該章節(jié)介紹市場(chǎng)失靈?？梢越Y(jié)合新冠疫情背景，先討論疫情剛發(fā)生時(shí)

武漢出現(xiàn)的醫(yī)護(hù)人員、醫(yī)療設(shè)備、防護(hù)物資、生活物品緊缺現(xiàn)象，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解市場(chǎng)

經(jīng)濟(jì)中壟斷、公共產(chǎn)品及信息不對(duì)稱等市場(chǎng)失靈現(xiàn)象，并引入全國各省醫(yī)療支援湖北

行動(dòng)、共抗疫情的政策來討論社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制是如何彌補(bǔ)市場(chǎng)失靈，了解中國

力量及中國精神，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)中國特色社會(huì)主義制度的優(yōu)越性。

2.基本概念和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

ProductionPossibilitiesFrontier;ResourceMisallocation;Externalities(Beneficial

andDetrimental);MarginalSocialCost(MSC);MarginalPrivateCost(MPC);

MarginalSocialBenefit(MSB);PublicGood:PrivateGood;Dcplctability;Excludability;

RentSeeking;MoralHazard;Agents;Principals;StockOption;CostDiseaseofthe

PersonalServices

3.問題與應(yīng)用(能力要求)

“Themarketsystemfoilsutterlytoprovideforthefuture.Theadequacyofnatural

resourcesandthequalityofthenaturalenvironmentahundredyearsfromnowdepend

uponactionsthatwcarctakingnow—butsincefuturegenerationscannotexpresstheir

preferencesintoday'smarketplace,theirinterestsarenotrepresented,andtheyarebeing

impoverished."Discuss

“Thereisnopossibilityofproductivityimprovementsintheperformingarts.Andyet

thecostsofperformanceskeepgoingupbecausewageratesingeneralintheeconomyare

rising,andperformersinsistuponsharinginthatprosperityatleasttoasmallextent

Thereforethecostsofperformanceskeeprising.Paradoxically,thecountrywillsoon

becomesowealthythatmostconsumerswillnotbeabletoaffordanyliveperformancesat

all,andouronlyexposuretotheperfbnningartswillcomethroughtheelectronicmedia.”

Discuss.

（四）思考與實(shí)踐

Mostpeopleinsistuponhavingsomeformofhealthinsurance.Andyetwhenthey

havehealthinsurance,theyhaveanincentivetousemoremedicalcarethantheyreally

need,sincetheprivatemarginalcostsaremuchlowerthanthesocialmarginalcosts.Thisis

oneofthereasonsforthecrisisinhealthcareintheUnitedStalestoday.Canyouthinkof

anywaystoalleviatethisproblem?

Consumerscannotmakeoptimalchoicesaboutpurchasesunlesstheyarewell

informedaboutthequalityofgoodsinthemarkelplace.Somepeopledefendcorporate

advertisingasprovidingthatinformation.Othersarguethatadvertisingreallyis

“disinfbrmationjthatwhateveritconveystousiscertainlynotobjectiveinformationabout

products.Whatisyouropinion?Doesadvertisingmakethemarketmoreefficient?

（四）教學(xué)方法與手段

本章教學(xué)主要采用課堂講授、多媒體教學(xué)、分組討論、課堂討論等

Chapter16TheMarkefsPrimeAchievement:InnovationAndGrowth

（一）目的與要求

thegoalhereistoknow

1.Understandingthedifferencesbetweeninnovationandinvention

2.Knowabouthowtoanalyzetheinnovativeoligopolyfirm

（二）教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1.主要內(nèi)容

TheMarketEconomy'sIncredibleGrowthRecord

Innovation,NotInvention,IsTheUniqueFree-MarketAccomplishment

SourcesofFree-MarketInnovation:TheRoleofTheEntrepreneur

MicroeconomicAnalysisofTheInnovativeOligopolyFirm

DoFreeMarketsSpendEnoughOnR&DActivities

TheMarketEconomyAndTheSpeedyDisseminationOfNewTechnology

Conclusion:TheMarketEco