庭園景觀設計 課件 05場地調查

場地調查

SiteInventory

INTRODUCTION

1INTRODUCTION1Thesiteanalysisandpreparationofthedesignprogramaretwoothertasksunder-takenintheresearchandpreparationphaseofthedesignprocess.Thepurposeofthesiteanalysis,alsoreferredtoassitestudy,istoidentifyallthevitalsiteconditionsanddeterminehowtheymightinfluencetheeventualdesignsolution.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblems1INTRODUCTIONBeforeproceeding,itisimportanttounderstandthattherearetwodistinctstepsofthesitestudy:inventoryanalysisSiteinventoryisthegatheringoffactsandinformationaboutasite.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblems1INTRODUCTIONBeforeproceeding,itisimportanttounderstandthattherearetwodistinctstepsofthesitestudy:inventoryanalysisSiteanalysis,isanevaluationoftheinformationobtainedinthesiteinventoryINTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2SITEINVENTORY

2Thefollowingisanoutlineofsiteconditionsthatshouldbeidentifiedduringthesiteinventory.Notallthelisteditemsneedtobeaddressedforeveryproject.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

1.Identifysurroundinglandusesandtheirconditions.

Aretheyresidential,commercial,recreational,educational,andsoforth?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

1.Identifysurroundinglandusesandtheirconditions.

Howwellaretheadjoiningpropertiesmaintained?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

2.Identifytheneighborhood’scharacter.Whatarethestyle,age,andconditionofthearchitecture?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

2.Identifytheneighborhood’scharacter.Whatarethesize,type,andmaturityofthevegetation?

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

2.Identifytheneighborhood’scharacter.Whatisthecharacteroftheneighborhood?Isitwellestablished,open,wooded,ill-kempt,friendly,

andsoon?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

3.Identifythenatureofvehicular

circulationintheneighborhood.Whattypeofstreetisthesitelocatedon?Isitathroughstreet,one-way,two-way,cul-de-sac,andsoon?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

3.Identifythenatureofvehicular

circulationintheneighborhood.Whatisthevolumeoftrafficonthestreet?Doestheintensityvaryduringtheday?Ifso,when?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

3.Identifythenatureofvehicular

circulationintheneighborhood.Howmuchnoiseandheadlightglareintothewindowsisproducedbythetrafficonthestreet?Whatistheprimarydirectionforarrivingatthesite?Istheremorethanoneapproach?Whichapproachismostfrequentlyused?Whereisthemostcommon“firstview”ofthesitelocated?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2SITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

4.Identifylegalrestrictionsfornewconstructionintheneighborhood.Whatbuildingtypesandstructuresareallowed,especiallydetachedbuildingssuchasgarages,toolsheds,gazebos,pergolas,andsoon?

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

4.Identifylegalrestrictionsfornewconstructionintheneighborhood.Whataretherestrictionsforheightsandfloorareasofnewstructures?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2A.Sitelocation

4.Identifylegalrestrictionsfornewconstructionintheneighborhood.Whatarethesetbackrequirementsforstructures?Whatbuildingpermitsarerequiredforconstruction?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2B.Topography

1.Identifydegreeofslopesteepnessatdifferentareasthroughoutthesite(slopeinventory).

2.Identifypotentialareasoferosionorpoordrainage.

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2B.Topography

3.Identifygradechangebetweeninside(finishedfloorelevation)andoutsidegradearoundthefoundationofthehouse,especiallyatthedoorways.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2B.Topography

4.Determinetheeaseofwalkingonvariousareasofthesite(thiswillalsoidentifyrelativesteepness).

5.Identifytheelevationchangesbetweenthetopandbottomofexistingsteps,walls,fences,andsoforth.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2C.Drainage

1.Identifydirection(s)ofsurfacewaterdrainage.Doeswaterdrainawayfromthehouseonallsides?Wheredoesthewaterflowfromthedownspouts?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2C.Drainage

2.Determinewetspotsorareasofstandingwater.

Wherearetheylocatedandforwhatlengthsoftime?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2C.Drainage

3.Identifydrainageontoandawayfromthesite

Doesanyoff-sitesurfacewaterdrainontothesite?Howmuch,when,andwhere?Wheredoesthewaterflowtowhenitleavesthesite?INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2D.Soil

1.Identifysoilcharacteristics(acid,alkaline,sandy,clay,gravel,fertile,andsoon).

2.Identifydepthoftopsoil.

3.Identifydepthofsoiltobedrock.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2E.Vegetation植被

1.Locateandidentifyexistingplantmaterials.

2.Whereappropriate,identify:

a.plantspecies.

b.size(caliper[diameterofatreetrunk4feetabovetheground],spread,totalheight,andheighttobottomofcanopy).

c.form.

d.color(flowerandfoliage).

e.texture.

f.distinguishingfeaturesandcharacteristics.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2F.Microclimate

1.Identifylocationofsunatsunriseandsunsetatdifferenttimesoftheyear(January,March,June,andSeptember,forexample).

2.Identifytheverticalangleofthesunabovethehorizonatdifferenttimesofthedayandseasonsoftheyear.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2F.Microclimate

3.Determineareasofthesitethataremostlysunnyormostlyshadyduringdifferenttimesofthedayandseasonsoftheyear.

4.Determineareasexposedtoandprotectedfromtheintensesummerafter-noonsun.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2F.Microclimate

5.Identifyareasexposedtowarmingwintersun.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2F.MicroclimateSITEINVENTORY

2F.Microclimate

6.Identifyprevailingwinddirectionthroughouttheyear.

7.Determinesiteareasexposedtoorprotectedfromcoolingsummerbreezes.

8.Determinesiteareasexposedtoorprotectedfromcoldwinterwinds.

9.Identifydepthoffrostinwintermonths.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2F.MicroclimateINTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2G.Existinghouse

1.Identifyhousetypeandarchitecturalstyle.

2.Identifycolorandtextureoffacadematerials.

3.Identifylocationofwindowsanddoors.

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouse

OtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2G.Existinghouse

4.Identifyinteriorroomtypeandlocation.a.Identifywhichroomsareusedmostoften.

5.Locatebasementwindowsandtheirdepthbelowground.

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouse

OtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2G.Existinghouse

6.Locateoutsideelementssuchasdownspouts,waterspigots,electricaloutlets,

lightsattachedtohouse,electricmeter,gasmeter,clothes-dryervent,andairconditioners.

7.Locateoverhangsandnotetheirdistancebeyondthefaceofthehouseandtheirheightsabovetheground.

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouse

OtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2H.Otherexistingstructures

Locateandidentifyconditionandmaterialsofexistingwalks,terraces,steps,walls,fences,swimmingpools,andsoon.

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2Utilities

1.Locateutilitylines(water,gas,electric,telephone,cable,sewer,septictank,leachfield,etc.).

2.Identifylocationandheightofairconditionerorheatpump.

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2I.Utilities

3.Identifylocationofpoolequipmentandassociatedutilityconnections.

4.Ifexisting,locateirrigationsystem.INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilities

ViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2J.Views

1.Takenoteofwhatisseenfromallsidesofthesitelookingoff-site.

2.Observeviewsfrominsidethehouselookingtotheoutside.

3.Experienceviewsfromoffthesitelookingontothesite(viewsfromthestreetaswellasfromdifferentsidesofthesite).INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViews

SpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblems2J.Views

SITEINVENTORY

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilities

ViewsSpacesandsensesExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2K.Spacesandsenses

1.Determinethelocationandextentofoutdoorrooms.Identifymaterialsofthefloors,walls,andceilingsoftherooms.

2.Identifythefeelingandcharacteroftheserooms(open,enclosed,light,airy,dark,gloomy,cheerful,

restful,andsoon).

3.Determinepleasantordisturbingsounds(singingbirds,trafficnoise,childrenplaying,rustling

leaves,andsoon).

4.Identifyfragrances

andodors.

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsenses

Existingsitefunctionsandproblems2K.Spacesandsenses

SITEINVENTORY

INTRODUCTIONSITEINVENTORYSitelocationTopographyDrainageSoilVegetation.MicroclimateExistinghouseOtherexistingstructuresUtilitiesViewsSpacesandsenses

ExistingsitefunctionsandproblemsSITEINVENTORY

2L.Existingsitefunctionsandproblems

1