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易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)06求數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式求數(shù)列通項(xiàng)公式主要以考查由遞推公式求通項(xiàng)公式與已知前n項(xiàng)和或前n項(xiàng)和與第n項(xiàng)的關(guān)系式求通項(xiàng)為重點(diǎn),特別是數(shù)列前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0關(guān)系的應(yīng)用,難度為中檔題,題型為選擇填空小題或解答題第1小題,同時(shí)要注意對(duì)數(shù)列單調(diào)性與周期性問題的復(fù)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1:已知數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和Sn與通項(xiàng)an的關(guān)系式,求an時(shí)應(yīng)注意分類討論的應(yīng)用,特別是在利用an=Sn-Sn-1進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí),要注意分n=1和n≥2兩種情況進(jìn)行討論,學(xué)生特別是容易忽視要檢驗(yàn)n=1是否也適合an.?易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2:在等比數(shù)列求和公式中要注意分兩種情況q=1和q≠1討論.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3:在解答數(shù)列問題時(shí),及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地“數(shù)清”數(shù)列的項(xiàng)數(shù)是必不可少的,在數(shù)項(xiàng)數(shù)時(shí),要把握數(shù)列的項(xiàng)的構(gòu)成規(guī)律,找準(zhǔn)數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式的特點(diǎn)并找準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)數(shù).如果把數(shù)列的項(xiàng)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)了,將會(huì)前功盡棄.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4:對(duì)等差、等比數(shù)列的性質(zhì)理解錯(cuò)誤。?等差數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和在公差不為0時(shí)是關(guān)于n的常數(shù)項(xiàng)為0的二次函數(shù)。一般地,有結(jié)論“若數(shù)列{an}的前n項(xiàng)和Sn=an2+bn+c(a,b,c∈R),則數(shù)列{an}為等差數(shù)列的充要條件是c=0”;在等差數(shù)列中,Sm,S2m-Sm,S3m-S2m(m∈N*)是等差數(shù)列。解決這類題目的一個(gè)基本出發(fā)點(diǎn)就是考慮問題要全面,把各種可能性都考慮進(jìn)去,認(rèn)為正確的命題給以證明,認(rèn)為不正確的命題舉出反例予以駁斥。在等比數(shù)列中公比等于-1時(shí)是一個(gè)很特殊的情況,在解決有關(guān)問題時(shí)要注意這個(gè)特殊情況。??題組一:公式法已知或根據(jù)題目的條件能夠推出數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0為等差或等比數(shù)列,根據(jù)通項(xiàng)公式SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0進(jìn)行求解.1.(2019全國(guó)1理9)記為等差數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前n項(xiàng)和.已知SKIPIF1<0,則A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】設(shè)等差數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公差為SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,

得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,

所以SKIPIF1<0,故選A.2.(2018北京)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是等差數(shù)列,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的通項(xiàng)公式為___.【答案】1.162.14【解析】1.設(shè)等差數(shù)列的首項(xiàng)為,公差為,則,解得,所以.2.解法一設(shè)SKIPIF1<0的公差為SKIPIF1<0,首項(xiàng)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.解法二SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.3.(2014新課標(biāo)1)已知SKIPIF1<0是遞增的等差數(shù)列,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是方程SKIPIF1<0的根.則SKIPIF1<0=_________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】方程SKIPIF1<0的兩根為2,3,由題意得SKIPIF1<0設(shè)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公差為d,則SKIPIF1<0故SKIPIF1<0從而SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0的通項(xiàng)公式為SKIPIF1<0.4.(2013新課標(biāo)1)已知等差數(shù)列的前項(xiàng)和滿足,.則SKIPIF1<0=_________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0的公差為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0.由已知可得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0題組二:已知數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和SKIPIF1<0的解析式,求SKIPIF1<0.5.數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_________________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0而SKIPIF1<0不適合上式,∴SKIPIF1<06.數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0=1\*GB3①SKIPIF1<0=2\*GB3②=1\*GB3①-=2\*GB3②得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0題組三:Sn與an的關(guān)系式法已知數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和SKIPIF1<0與通項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系式,求SKIPIF1<0.7.(2015新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)SKIPIF1<0為數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0=3,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0=2,所以數(shù)列{SKIPIF1<0}是首項(xiàng)為3,公差為2的等差數(shù)列,所以SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0;8.(2014新課標(biāo)1)已知數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0QUOTEan的前n項(xiàng)和QUOTE,SKIPIF1<0QUOTE,其中SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.因此SKIPIF1<0是首項(xiàng)為SKIPIF1<0,公比為SKIPIF1<0的等比數(shù)列,于是SKIPIF1<0.9.(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)記SKIPIF1<0為數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_____.【答案】-63【解析】法1:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.法2:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0是以SKIPIF1<0為首項(xiàng),2為公比的等比數(shù)列,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.注:解決這類問題的方法,用具俗話說就是“依葫蘆畫瓢”,由SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系式,類比出SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系式,然后兩式作差,最后別忘了檢驗(yàn)SKIPIF1<0是否適合用上面的方法求出的通項(xiàng).題組四:累加法當(dāng)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0中有SKIPIF1<0,即第SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)與第SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)的差是個(gè)有“規(guī)律”的數(shù)時(shí),就可以用這種方法.10.已知SKIPIF1<0,求通項(xiàng)SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0以上各式相加得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0也適合上式,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<011.設(shè)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=_______;【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,以上式子相加得SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<012.(2015新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)設(shè)是數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)和,且,,則________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0是以SKIPIF1<0為首項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0為公差的等差數(shù)列,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.1.在等差數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0中,已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0()A.4 B.8 C.3 D.6【答案】B【解析】由等差數(shù)列的性質(zhì)可知SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.故選:B2.已知等差數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0,公差為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0成等比數(shù)列,則SKIPIF1<0()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0成等比數(shù)列,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.3.若數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0是等差數(shù)列,a1=1,SKIPIF1<0,則a5=()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】令SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,所以數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公差為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.4.已知數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0是公比為正數(shù)的等比數(shù)列,SKIPIF1<0是其前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0()A.31 B.63 C.127 D.255【答案】C【解析】由題意,設(shè)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公比為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C5.設(shè)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0為等比數(shù)列,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】設(shè)等比數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公比為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,因此,數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.6.已知等比數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】設(shè)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公比為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.7.設(shè)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的前SKIPIF1<0項(xiàng)和為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF

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