2025版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)31人與環(huán)境人與動(dòng)植物課時(shí)提能練含解析

PAGE課時(shí)提能練(三十一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·新高考八省聯(lián)考卷)Theaveragebear，itseems，isgettingeversmarter.First，itturnedoutthatatleastonecanuseacomb.Nowitappearsthatsomecancount，too.JenniferVonk，ofOaklandUniversity，inMichigan，andMichaelBeran，fromGeorgiaStateUniversity，setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdots(點(diǎn))onacomputerscreen.Inreturnforafoodrewardonebear，Brutus，wouldtouchthemoreheavilydottedpatternwithhisnose.Theothers，BellaandDusty，wouldtouchthescreenwiththeirclaws(爪子)．AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehavior，thebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythebears'distinguishingthedifferentareasofcolourratherthantrulycountingthedots.However，thethreebearsmanagedtopickoutthebiggernumberofdotseveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstookupalargerarea.Movingpatterns，whereeachdotfolloweditsownpatharoundthescreen，weremoreofachallenge.ButBrutus，atleast，wasnotdefeated.Heseemedtobecountingmobiledotsevenwhenthescientiststriedtomisleadhimbymovingthetotalcolouredareaofthedotsatthesametime.Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood.Theyare，however，alwaysalone，andsodonothavethecomplexsocialsystemsthatcontributetoanimalsmarts.Perhaps，then，theirmathsskilldevelopedbecausetheycannotcountontheirfriendsforhelp.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一些新的發(fā)覺，證明白熊是一種高智商動(dòng)物。1．Whattaskdidthescientistssetforthethreebears?A．Distinguishingdifferentdotpatterns.B．Figuringoutdifferentcoloursofdots.C．Puttingthedotsintodifferentlycolouredgroups.D．Pickingoutthegroupwithalargernumberofdots.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“JenniferVonk,ofOaklandUniversity,inMichigan,andMichaelBeran,fromGeorgiaStateUniversity,setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdotsonacomputerscreen(密歇根州奧克蘭高校的JenniferVonk和喬治亞州立高校的MichaelBeran給三只美國(guó)黑熊設(shè)定了一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，即在電腦屏幕上區(qū)分?jǐn)?shù)字上較大和較小的點(diǎn))．”可知，科學(xué)家們給這三只熊支配的任務(wù)是區(qū)分不同的點(diǎn)的模式。故選A項(xiàng)。]2．Forthebears，thetaskwaseasierwhen.A．thecoloureddotsweremovingslowlyB．thedotpatternswereregularinshapeC．thedotsfollowedapathonthescreenD．moredotscoveredalargercolouredareaD[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehavior，thebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea(正如探討人員在《動(dòng)物行為》雜志上所報(bào)道的那樣，熊最擅長(zhǎng)的圖案是那些彩色的點(diǎn)不移動(dòng)，而且更多的點(diǎn)占據(jù)了更大的彩色區(qū)域)．”可知，熊最擅長(zhǎng)的圖案是被更多的點(diǎn)覆蓋的更大的彩色區(qū)域。故選D項(xiàng)。]3．Whatmayexplainthebears'highdegreeofintelligence?A．Theylearnskillsfromotheranimals.B．Theyfacelifechallengesontheirown.C．Theyfeedonadiverserangeoffood.D．Theyhavecomplexsocialnetworks.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood(熊擁有高度的智力并不完全令人驚異。他們?cè)讷@得食物時(shí)面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn))．”可知，熊的高智商表現(xiàn)在它們獨(dú)自面對(duì)生活的挑戰(zhàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BearsTaughttoDistinguishColoursB．NewEvidenceofBearIntelligenceFoundC．ThreeBearsLearnedHowtoCountD．TheSmartestAmericanBlackBearBrutusB[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文介紹了一些新的發(fā)覺，為證明熊是一種高智商動(dòng)物供應(yīng)了證據(jù)，所以文章標(biāo)題應(yīng)當(dāng)是“發(fā)覺了證明熊智力的新證據(jù)”。故選B項(xiàng)。]Ⅱ.完形填空(山東省試驗(yàn)中學(xué)2025屆高三一診)JackMaisknownasoneoftherichestChinese.1，hewasnotbornrich.HegrewupatatimewhenChinawas2fromtheworld,andlikeeveryfamilyinChina,hisfamilydidn'thave3whentheywereyoung.Asachild,Mahad4justlikeanyotherkid.Helikedcollectingcrickets(蟋蟀)andmakingthemfight.Withoutmoney,theonlywayMacouldchangehislifewasthrough5.Afterhighschool,he6togotocollege,butfailedtheentranceexam7.Afteragreatdealofstudying,hefinallypassedonthethirdtry,goingonto8HangzhouTeachersCollege.He9fromcollegein1988andstartedapplyingtoasmanyjobsashecould.Hereceivedmorethanadozen10，includingfromKFC.Buthedidn'tgiveuptryingandfinallywasemployedasanEnglish11.Malovedhisstudents,thoughheonlymade80yuanamonthatalocaluniversity.Mahadnoexperiencewiththe12，whichwasnotveryaccessibletomostChinese,buthewas13theInternetwhenheuseditforthefirsttimein1995.Ma'sfirstonlinesearchwas“beer”，buthewas14tofindthatnoChinesebeersturnedupintheresults.Itwasthen15hedecidedtofoundanInternetcompanyforChina.Thatwasthefirststeptohisfuture.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了馬云建立阿里巴巴以前的生活、學(xué)習(xí)和求職經(jīng)驗(yàn)。1．A.Therefore B．FortunatelyC．However D．ThusC[上文中的“oneoftherichestChinese”和“hewasnotbornrich.”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。]2．A.closed B．differentC．remote D．isolatedD[依據(jù)“hewasnotbornrich”可知，馬云生長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)年頭，大多數(shù)家庭都是不富有的，中國(guó)那時(shí)候也是與世隔絕的。故選D。]3．A.money B．relativesC．friends D．changesA[依據(jù)下文“Withoutmoney”可知，此處是信息詞money的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A。]4．A.tasks B．hobbiesC．jobs D．qualitiesB[依據(jù)“Helikedcollectingcrickets(蟋蟀)andmakingthemfight.(他喜愛收集蟋蟀，讓它們打架。)”可知，馬云小時(shí)候有自己的愛好。故選B。]5．A.education B．workC．luck D．viewA[依據(jù)下文“Afteragreatdealofstudying,hefinallypassedonthethirdtry(經(jīng)過大量的學(xué)習(xí)，他最終在第三次嘗試中通過了)”可知，馬云想通過教化變更自己的命運(yùn)。故選A。]6．A.applied B．deservedC．succeeded D．failedA[applyto為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“申請(qǐng)”，此處表示申請(qǐng)上高校。故選A。]7．A.once B．oftenC．twice D．seldomC[依據(jù)“Afteragreatdealofstudying,hefinallypassedonthethirdtry(經(jīng)過大量的學(xué)習(xí)，他最終在第三次嘗試中通過了)”可知，高考失敗過兩次。故選C。]8．A.attend B．leaveC．quit D．startA[依據(jù)“HangzhouTeachersCollege.”可知，馬云上了杭州師范高校。故選A。]9．A.continued B．presentedC．introduced D．graduatedD[依據(jù)“startedapplyingtoasmanyjobsashecould(起先申請(qǐng)盡可能多的工作)”可知，1988年，馬云高校畢業(yè)了。graduatefrom為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“從……畢業(yè)”。故選D。]10．A.admissions B．opportunitiesC．rejections D．invitationsC[依據(jù)“Buthedidn'tgiveuptryingandfinallywasemployed(但他沒有放棄努力，最終被聘用)”可知，在被錄用之前經(jīng)驗(yàn)過許多次拒絕。故選C。]11．A.engineer B．headmasterC．teacher D．workerC[依據(jù)“Malovedhisstudents”可知，馬云被聘為一名英語(yǔ)老師。故選C。]12．Apany B．computerC．business D．competitionB[依據(jù)“theInternetwhenheuseditforthefirsttimein1995”可知，馬云之前沒有運(yùn)用電腦的閱歷。故選B。]13．A.disappointedwith B．crazyaboutC．a(chǎn)ddictedto D．skepticalaboutB[依據(jù)“Itwasthen________hedecidedtofoundanInternetcompanyforChina.”可知，因?yàn)閷?duì)電腦著迷，所以確定創(chuàng)立互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司。故選B。]14．A.surprised B．excitedC．desperate D．helplessA[依據(jù)“thatnoChinesebeersturnedupintheresults”(發(fā)覺搜尋結(jié)果中沒有中國(guó)啤酒)可知，在搜尋之后，沒有發(fā)覺中國(guó)啤酒，因此感到很驚異。故選A。]15．A.when B．whereC．that D．howC[“Itis＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋句子其他成分”為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型，此處對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，需用that。故選C。]Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2024·廣東省廣州市天河區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)模擬二)Somemisunderstandingisputtingsharkpopulationsatrisknow.Thousandsofsharksaredyingas1.________resultofpeople'sfalsebeliefs.Femalesharksneedmalestomakebabies.Somefemalesharkshavetheabilitytoproduceababybythemselvesandhaveyoungsharks2.________amaleshark.3.________iscommonlyseeninplantsandinsectslikeantsandbees.Sharkfinshavemedicalfunction.Traditionally,sharkfinsoup4.________(believe)tohavehealthbenefitsandisquitespecialinChina.5.________modernscientistspointoutthatsharktissuecanbe6.________(extreme)highinpoison.What'smore,sharkfishingkillsupto100millionanimalseachyear,7.________(endanger)severaldifferentspecies.Ifyou'rebittenbyashark,youwillbeagoner.Youaremorethantwiceaslikely8.________(die)fromalightningstrikeasfromasharkbite,accordingtotheFlorida【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文講解并描述一些誤會(huì)正在使鯊魚種群處于危急之中，成千上萬(wàn)的鯊魚因?yàn)槿藗兊腻e(cuò)誤信仰而死亡。1．a(chǎn)[考查冠詞。asaresultof由于……的結(jié)果，為固定搭配，故填a。]2．without[考查介詞。句意：一些雌性鯊魚沒有雄性鯊魚也有實(shí)力自己生產(chǎn)一個(gè)嬰兒。表示“沒有”，后跟名詞，所以用介詞without，故填without。]3．It[考查it的用法。指代前面句子，后面為句號(hào)，所以用人稱代詞it，故填I(lǐng)t。]4．isbelieved[考查時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：魚翅具有醫(yī)療功能。傳統(tǒng)上，人們認(rèn)為魚翅湯對(duì)健康有益，在中國(guó)很特殊。表示“被認(rèn)為”，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，描述現(xiàn)狀，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞，故填isbelieved。]5．But[考查連詞。句意：魚翅具有醫(yī)療功能。傳統(tǒng)上，人們認(rèn)為魚翅湯對(duì)健康有益，在中國(guó)很特殊。但現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家指出，魚翅組織的毒性極高。前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填But。]6．extremely[考查副詞。修飾形容詞，所以用副詞，故填extremely。]7．endangering[考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句子主語(yǔ)和endanger之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示前面句子的干脆結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果主語(yǔ)，故填endangering。]8．todie[考查不定式。belikelytodosth.可能做某事，故填todie。]9．majority[考查名詞。thelargemajorityof大多數(shù)，為固定搭配，故填majority。]10．which[考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為incidents，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，故填which引導(dǎo)。]Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華，給你開網(wǎng)店的美國(guó)摯友Jack寫封信，請(qǐng)他代賣你爺爺制作的工藝品(工藝品自定)。要點(diǎn)如下：1．描述工藝品外形、材料等；2．介紹工藝品的特點(diǎn)；3．告知工藝品的價(jià)格。留意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_____________________________________________________________