《中西文化比較（英文版）（第2版）》unit 9 The Chinese and Western Music

中西文化比較TheComparisonbetweenChineseandWesternCulture

Unit9TheChineseandWestern

MusicBackgroundAbout3,000yearsago,completemusicaltheoriesandsophisticatedmusicalinstrumentsbegantoappearinChina.ChinesemusicisthebodyofvocalandinstrumentalmusiccomposedandplayedbyChinesepeople.Overalonghistory,Chinesecreatedamarvelouscultureofmusicwhichalsohadafar-reachinginfluenceonthecountry’sneighboringareas.Westernmusicrejectsexcessiveemotionalexpressionandrequirescalmconstraints.Itisopposedtotheexpansionofsubjectiveconsciousnessandadvocatesobjectivestability,withmoreemphasisonthecontradictoryconflict.VocabularyExtensionTextA

Notes1.acrobaticsv.

theskillsofanacrobat①Ananimalcanbeagoodacrobatiftrainedproperly.如果訓(xùn)練適當(dāng)，動(dòng)物也可以成為一個(gè)好的雜技表演者。②Doingacrobaticsisaveryhardjobanditusuallystartsfromveryyoungage.

從事雜技表演時(shí)一項(xiàng)非常艱苦的工作，而且一般要從很小的時(shí)候開(kāi)始訓(xùn)練。TextA

Notes2.troupen.

agroupofperformerssuchassingersordancerswhoworkandtraveltogether①SometroupelogostakeChineseculturalelements.一些藝術(shù)團(tuán)的徽標(biāo)采用了中國(guó)文化元素。②BerlinPhiharmonicOrchestra,foundedin1882,hasbeenthetopofmusic

troupeintheworld.德國(guó)愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)，成立于1882年，一直穩(wěn)坐世界樂(lè)團(tuán)的頭把交椅。

TextA

Notes3.melody

n.

atune,oftenformingpartofalargerpieceofmusic①Apieceofbeautifulmelodyisstrongerthanmanywordsto

easeone’semotions.一段優(yōu)美的旋律比話語(yǔ)更能安撫一個(gè)人的情緒。②Jane:Stillrememberthemelody?Jack:Ofcourse.Thatwasmyfavoriteinhighschool.TextA

Notes4.squatv.

topositionyourselfclosetothegroundbalancingonthefrontpartofyourfeetwithyourlegsbentunderyourbody①TheAsiansquattingpositionisunbelievablyhardforAmericans.美國(guó)人根本做不出亞洲蹲的姿勢(shì)。②BeijingOperaperformersinAttheCrossroadshouldfinishmany

fightingactionsinasquattingposition.京劇曲目《三岔口》的演員需要用下蹲的姿勢(shì)完成很多打斗的動(dòng)作。TextA

Notes5.dazzlingadj.

①extremelyattractiveorexciting②(oflight)sobrightthatyou

cannotseeforashorttimeafter

lookingatit①Adazzlinglightshowopenedthefirstpageofanewyear.炫目的燈光秀開(kāi)啟了新的一年。②NamstoLakeinTibet

offerspeopledazzlingnaturalbeauty.西藏的納木錯(cuò)湖讓人們看到炫目的自然之美。TextA

Notes6.glissandon.

arapidseriesofascendingordescendingnotesonthemusicalscale①Glissandoisatypeofskillwhenplayingthemusicalinstruments.滑音是演奏樂(lè)器的一種技巧。

②WhiletheshiftintheMongolianlifestylegraduallytookplaceduring

the7thtothe17thcentury,ashifttoanewgenreoffolkmusicwith

glissandosandtrillsalsotookplace.七到十七世紀(jì)期間，蒙古人的生活方式慢慢發(fā)生了變化，帶有滑

音和顫音的新的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格也隨之產(chǎn)生。TextA

Notes7.

coloraturan.ornamentalpassages,roulades（顫音）,embellishments,etc.,invocalmusic①Practicingcoloraturaisonewayofimprovingsingingskills.練習(xí)花腔是提高歌唱技巧的方法。②Therearemanycoloraturapartsinthisoperaandtheyarealsothemost

attractiveparts.這個(gè)歌劇中有很多花腔，而這也是這個(gè)歌劇最吸引人的地方。TextA

Notes8.

preservev.

tokeepsomethingasitis,especiallyinordertopreventitfromdecayingorbeingdamagedordestroyed①I(mǎi)ntangibleculturalheritagesofourcountryshouldbepreservedintactforthe

futuregenerationstoappreciateandenjoy.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)好我國(guó)的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，我們的后代子孫才有機(jī)會(huì)欣賞。②Whileimprovingthecityfacilities,theuniquecharacterofitshouldbepreserved.

在改善城市設(shè)施的同時(shí)應(yīng)注意保護(hù)該市獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)。TextA

Notes9.renownedadj.

①TheLeaningTowerofPisaisoneofthemost

renownedsitesforsightseeinginItaly.比薩斜塔是意大利最著名的景點(diǎn)之一。famousforsomething②YingxianWoodenPagoda,builtin1056inthe

LiaoDynastyisrenownedforbeingtheworld’s

oldestandtallestwoodenpagoda.

始建于1056年的遼代的應(yīng)縣木塔因其是世界

上最古老、最高的木塔而馳名。TextA

Notes10.

polyphonicadj.

consistingofseveraldifferenttunesthatareplayedorsungatthesametime,orrelatingtoorproducingsuchasound①Bach’sTwo-PartInventionsisaseriesofpolyphonicmusic.巴赫的《二部創(chuàng)意曲》是一系列的復(fù)調(diào)的曲子。②Virtually,allRomanticmusicisinthestrictestsensepolyphonic.事實(shí)上，所有的浪漫音樂(lè)都是最嚴(yán)格意義上的復(fù)調(diào)音樂(lè)。TextA

KeySentences1.WhenitcomestothemysteryandcharmofancientChina,fewartformscanbecomparedtoChineseopera.Itisrecognizedasauniqueandsupremeexampleoftotaltheatre,requiringthemostprofoundrefinementofskillsinsinging,acting,dialogue,dance,martialarts,andacrobatics.becomparedto比作Thiscouplewascomparedtothebutterflylovers.這對(duì)夫妻被比作梁山伯與祝英臺(tái)。becomparedwith和……相比Comparedwiththestatisticslastyear,wehadabetterresultthisyear.和去年的數(shù)據(jù)相比，今年更有成果。TextA

KeySentences2.

Whatappealstoforeignersmostmightbethedifferentstylesoffacialmake-upwhichisoneofthehighlightsandrequiresdistinctivetechniquesofpaintings.Exaggerateddesignsarepaintedoneachperformer’sfacetosymbolizeacharacter’spersonality,role,andfate.appealto吸引Ourcompanywantstoappealtolike-mindedpeopletosupporttheprojectanddosomethingforthecommunity.我們公司想要吸引志同道合的人，支持我們的計(jì)劃，為社區(qū)做點(diǎn)事情。Cultural

tip:

內(nèi)行的觀眾從臉譜上就可以分辨出這個(gè)角色是英雄還是壞人，聰明還是愚蠢，受人愛(ài)戴還是使人厭惡。京劇那迷人的臉譜在中國(guó)戲劇無(wú)數(shù)臉部化妝中占有特殊的地位。京劇臉譜以“象征性”和“夸張性”著稱(chēng)。它通過(guò)運(yùn)用夸張和變形的圖形來(lái)展示角色的性格特征。TextA

KeySentences3.

In2009,UNESCOofficiallylistedtheDongGrandChoirperformancesasaWorldIntangibleCulturalHeritage.Duringsomefestivals,thevillagersgathertoperformDongplaysaccompaniedbyplayingLushengflutes,dancing,andsinging.

2009年，侗族大歌被列為世界非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。節(jié)日期間，村民們會(huì)聚到一起在蘆笙的伴奏下載歌載舞。TextAI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListoneortwotraditionalChineseinstrumentsandtheiruniqueness.

XunisakindofwindinstrumentandisoneoftheoldestmusicalinstrumentsinChinawithahistoryofmorethan7,000years.Xuniseasilymadeofclaywithaneggshapeandtherearenomorethantenholesonthesurface.Itissuitableforperformingsomelamentingaria.

DiziisakindofancientChinesemusicalinstrument.Itismadeofbamboo,forbambooDizihasnicesoundeffect.Ithasoneblowinghole,oneaffiliatedhole,andsixsoundholes.TextA2.

WriteashortpassageaboutthestoryofapieceofclassicChinesemusic.

HighMountainsandFlowingWaterisonepieceofthefamousGuqinmusic.ItisbasedonthelegendarystorybetweenthedistinguishedmusicianYuBoyaandhisfriendZhongZiqi.TheybecamegoodfriendsafterZhongZiqiunderstoodwhatYuBoyatriedtoconveyinthispieceofmusic—themagnificenceofhighmountainsandthevigorofrushingwater.TextA3.

Whatistheroleofcultureintheformationofregionalmusicstyle?

Cultureiswhatpeoplecreateintheirsocialgroupsorraces,expressingstories,feelings,andvalues.Underthelong-lastinginfluenceoflocalculture,someplacesgraduallyformdistinctivemusicstylereflectingthecharacteristicsofregionalcustoms,traditions,andcultureaswell.Itisevidentthatculturetoacertainextentpromotesthedevelopmentofmusic.TextAII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.Henanopera

HenanoperaoriginatedfromcentralChina’sHenanProvinceabout400yearsagoanditisthethirdmajoroperainChina.Itismainlyepidemicinthenorthernarea.Intermsoftune,HenanoperabelongstotheseriesofBangzitune.Itisfamousforitsloudvoices,strongrhythms,andintensiveuseofspokenlanguage.TextA2.Shaoxingopera

ShaoxingoperaisthesecondmostpopulartypeofChineseopera.Itfeaturesactressesinmalerolesaswellasfemininityintermsofsinging,performing,andstaging.ThetoneofShaoxingoperatendstobelyrical,dulcet,andleisurely.Thethemeshavediversestylesandvariousformats.ItishighlypopularinZhejiang,Shanghai,Jiangsu,andFujian.TextA3.Huangmeiopera

HuangmeioperaoriginatedfromHuangmeiCounty,HubeiProvince.TheoriginalformofHuangmeioperaistheteapickingtuneandisreadandsunginAnqinglanguage.Thethemesarefolkstoriesandlegends.Huangmeioperaisfamousforitsnaturalandelegantstyle.Simpleanddelicatesinginganddancingmakethecharacterslivelyandreal.TextA4.Sichuanopera

SichuanoperaoriginatedattheendoftheMingDynastyandthebeginningoftheQingDynasty.AsoneoftheoldestoperaformsinSouthwesternChina,Sichuanoperaisaperfectblendoflocaldialectalongwiththecustoms,folkmusic,anddancesfromotherregions.Sichuanoperaisknownforthreedistinctfeatures:changingfaces,spittingfire,androllinglight.TextA5.Pingjuopera

PingjuoperaisaformofChineseoperafromNorthernChina.ItoriginatedinTangshan,Hebei,nearthecityofTianjin.Pingjuoperaoriginatesfromfolksongsandyangge,whichisoneofthemainformsoffolkflowerfairactionsinthefirstmonthofthelunaryear.Itsmaincontentincludesfolklivingstories,historicalfigures,andscenesofthefourseasons.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.中國(guó)戲曲的起源可追溯到原始社會(huì)的歌舞和宗教儀式，經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展和革新，才逐漸在宋元時(shí)期形成了比較完整而成熟的藝術(shù)體系。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國(guó)各地約有三百六十多種戲曲劇種。1.TheoriginofChineseoperacanbetracedbacktothesinginganddancingandreligiousritualsinprimitivetimes.ButnotuntilthelateSongDynastyandtheearlyYuanDynastythroughaverylongperiodofdevelopmentandreformsdidChineseoperaformamatureandcompleteartisticsystem.Accordingtopartialstatistics,thereareover360regionaloperastylesinChina.TextA2.云南、新疆、西藏、青海等地不僅有風(fēng)景如畫(huà)的自然風(fēng)光，還留下了豐富多彩的文化遺產(chǎn)。居住在這些地區(qū)的各民族都有自己的音樂(lè)天賦、獨(dú)具特色的歌唱技巧和獨(dú)一無(wú)二的演奏樂(lè)器。2.Yunnan,Xinjiang,Tibet,andQinghaihavemuchmoretoofferthanpicturesquelandscapes.Thesurroundingareasaregiftedwitharichcultureheritagethankstotheirinhabitancybyanumberofethnicgroups,famousfortheirmusicaltalents,distinctivevocalskills,anduniqueinstruments.TextB

Notes1.blissfuladj.extremelyorcompletelyhappy①Hehadablissfulchildhoodwithhiscousinsalwayshangingaround.因?yàn)樗男值芙忝贸０樽笥?，所以他的童年很快?lè)。②Duetohisblissfulignorancehespenthislastseveralyearspeacefully

andcomfortably.正是因?yàn)橛行┦虑樗恢?，他才得以在人生的最后幾年過(guò)得平和舒心。TextB

Notes2.mockv.

tolaughatsomeone,oftenbycopyingtheminafunnybutunkindwaymockn.

anexamtakenatschoolforpracticebeforearealexam模擬考試①Apersonbeingmockedmayfeelbadforalongtime.有的人被別人嘲笑后很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間心情都很糟。②Wewillhavetwomockteststhismonth,soeverybodyshouldbe

preparedandgetready.這個(gè)月我們會(huì)有兩次模擬考試，請(qǐng)大家做好準(zhǔn)備。TextB

Notes3.evokev.

tomakesomeoneremembersomethingorfeelanemotion①Thesmelloffreshgrassesinearlyspringevokesmymemoryofmyworry-free

childhood.初春青草的味道令我想起那無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的童年。②Patrioticsentimentsevokeanechoineverybreast.

愛(ài)國(guó)主義的感情在大家心中引起共鳴。

TextB

Notes4.genren.

astyle,especiallyinthearts,thatinvolvesaparticularsetofcharacteristics①Blues,Jazz,R&B,CountryandPunkarepopmusicgenres.布魯斯、爵士、搖滾、鄉(xiāng)村以及朋克都是流行音樂(lè)的流派。②Gothicliteratureisakindofliteraturegenrewhichfirstlyappearedin18thcentury

inEngland.哥特文學(xué)是最初起源于18世紀(jì)英國(guó)的一種文學(xué)體裁。TextB

Notes5.auditoriumn.

Alargeroomwithrowsofseatsandoftenastagewhichisusedforperformancesandforpubliceventsormeetings,orabuildingcontainingsucharoomJane:Wheredowehavethegraduatingceremony?David:IntheauditoriumbesidetheNo.5teachingbuilding.Jane:ThatisthegrandestauditoriumIhaveevenseen.Iamevenlookingforwardtothedaynow.TextB

Notes6.

coinv.

toinventanewwordorexpression,ortouseoneinaparticularwayforthefirsttimecoinn.①ThetermofRockmusicwascoinedin1955byAlanFreed,a

discjockeyfromClevelandOhio.

艾倫·弗里德于1955年創(chuàng)造了搖滾樂(lè)這個(gè)詞，那時(shí)他是俄亥

俄州克利夫蘭市的音樂(lè)主持人。②Myfamilyusuallymakesdecisionsaboutwheretogoforatrip

bytossingcoins.我的家人總是通過(guò)拋硬幣來(lái)決定去哪里玩。TextB

Notes7.lyricn.thewordsofasong,especiallyapopsong①Asingerwriterusuallywriteshisownlyrics.唱作人通常都是自己作詞。②Somepoplyricsarecriticizedwithoutmeaningandsoul.

人們批評(píng)一些流行歌曲的歌詞缺乏意義，沒(méi)有靈魂。TextB

Notes8.indigenousadj.usedtoreferto,orrelatingto,thepeoplewhooriginallylivedinaplacesynonym:native本土的①Jazz,thesecondgenrebornfromAfricantradition,isconsideredtobeAmerica’sfirstindigenousformofmusic.爵士樂(lè)是第二種源于非洲傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)的音樂(lè)形式，被認(rèn)為是第一

種美國(guó)本土音樂(lè)風(fēng)格。②GroundhogsarelovelysmallanimalslivinginNorthAmerica.土撥鼠是一種生活在北美的可愛(ài)的小動(dòng)物。

TextB

Notes9.harmonican.

Asmall,rectangularmusicalinstrument,playedbyblowingandsuckingairthroughit①Playingtheharmonicawasoncepartofmyprimaryschoolmusic

classes.我以前上小學(xué)的時(shí)候，音樂(lè)課吹口琴。②TheharmonicawasinventedbyaGermanmusiciannamed

Buschmannwhenhewas16yearsold.口琴是一位德國(guó)叫布希曼的音樂(lè)家在他16歲的時(shí)候發(fā)明的。TextB

Notes10.offensiveadj.causingoffence①Doyouagreethatgirlsareoffensivetotheirboyfriends’exes?你贊同女孩子都對(duì)自己男朋友的前任有敵意這種說(shuō)法嗎?②Youshouldbeashamedforsayingthoseoffensivewordsjustnow.你應(yīng)該為剛剛說(shuō)了那些冒犯的話而感到羞愧。TextB

KeySentences1.Classicalmusicisdescribedasthemusicoftheolddays.Itisthekindofmusicthatmostofushaveforgotten,yetlistentoeveryday.Becausemostofwhatwehearnowisderivedfromwhatthegreatclassicalcomposerscreateddecadesandcenturiesago.bederivedfrom來(lái)自于，源于①Asachairmanofthisinstitute,heisalwayscautiousnotmakingmorethanhalfof

itsmoneyderivingfromforeigninvestments.

作為機(jī)構(gòu)的主席，他要一直謹(jǐn)慎小心，不能讓海外投資超過(guò)50%。②Thepresentproblemsmainlyderivedfromthelackofself-disciplineandover

confidence.當(dāng)前的主要問(wèn)題源于缺乏自律，而又過(guò)度自信。TextB

KeySentences2.

Theoriginofbluesistoouncleartopinpointtooneartistoroneyear.Forthesakeofhistoricimportance,it’sbelievedthatthebluesmusicwascreatedinthelate19thcentury,bytheblackthatwereforcedtoworkinthecottonfields.too…topinpoint太……以至于不能準(zhǔn)確指出……Culturaltip:

“布魯斯起源于過(guò)去美國(guó)黑人奴隸的圣歌、贊美歌、勞動(dòng)歌曲、叫喊和頌歌。布魯斯中使用的“藍(lán)調(diào)之音”和啟應(yīng)的演唱方式都顯示了它的西非來(lái)源。布魯斯對(duì)后來(lái)美國(guó)和西方流行音樂(lè)有非常大的影響，拉格泰姆、爵士樂(lè)、大樂(lè)隊(duì)、節(jié)奏布魯斯、搖滾樂(lè)、鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)和普通的流行歌曲，甚至現(xiàn)代的古典音樂(lè)中都含有布魯斯的因素或者是從布魯斯發(fā)展出來(lái)的。TextB

KeySentences3.Likebluesmusic,countrymusicemergedfromfolksongsoftheSouthernUSintheearly1920s.ImmigrantsintheAppalachianMountainsarea,whohadbroughtalonginstrumentsfromtheirowncountries,mergedtheirarttoformthefamousgenreofcountrymusic.emergefrom出現(xiàn)synonym:appear,comeintobeingAppalachianMountains阿巴拉契亞山脈

Appalachian

Mountains,alsocalled

Appalachians,isagreathighlandsystem

of

NorthAmerica,theeasterncounterpart

of

theRocky

Mountains.TextBI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListoneortwoworksofWesternmusiciansandtheiruniqueness.

BachisaGermancomposerandmusicianoftheBaroquePeriod.Bach’scompositionsincludeBrandenburgConcertos,GoldbergVariations,andover300cantatasofwhicharound200survive.Hismusicisreveredforitstechnicalcommand,artisticbeauty,andintellectualdepth.TextB2.WriteashortpassageaboutthedifferencesbetweenChineseErhuandWesternviolin.Erhuhastwostrings,withthebowinsertedbetweenthem.Witharangeofaroundthreeoctaves,itssoundisratherlikeaviolin,butwithathinnertone.Violinisthesmallestandhighest-pitchedinstrument.IthasfourstringstunedinperfectfifthsandisaprominentinstrumentintheWesternclassicaltraditionandinmanyvarietiesoffolkmusic.TextB3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternmusicincomposition?Firstly,therearen’tasetofcompletecompositiontheoriesandlawsintraditionalChinesemusic,soitiseasytobelost.However,onthetechnicallevel,therearetheories,norms,andalargenumberoftextandaudioliteratureinWesternmusic;therefore,itiseasytospread.TextBII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.lullabyAlullabyisasoothingsongorpieceofmusic,usuallyplayedfororsungtochildren.Thepurposesoflullabiesvary,butoneofthemostimportantusesoflullabiesistobeasleepaidforinfants.Asaresult,themusicisoftensimpleandrepetitive.Lullabiescanbefoundinmanycountriesandhaveexistedsinceancienttimes.TextB2.sonata

Asonataliterallymeansapieceplayedasopposedtoacantata.Thetermevolvedthroughthehistoryofmusicanddesignatedavarietyofformsuntiltheclassicalera.Bytheearly19th,itcametorepresentaprincipleofcomposinglarge-scaleworks.Itisappliedtomostinstrumentalgenresandregardedasoneofthefundamentalmethodsoforganizingandinterpretingconcertmusic.

TextB3.orchestraAnorchestraisalargeinstrumentalensemblewhichfeaturesbrass,woodwinds,percussioninstruments,andstringinstruments.Afull-sizeorchestramaybecalledasymphonyorchestra.Theactualnumberofmusiciansemployedinaperformancemayvaryfrom70toover100musicians.TextB4.stringinstrumentStringinstrumentsaremusicalinstrumentsthatproducesoundfromvibratingstringswhentheperformerplaysorsoundsthestringsinsomemanner.Musiciansplaystringinstrumentsbypluckingthestringswiththeirfingers,byhittingthestringswithalightwoodenhammer,orbyrubbingthestringswithabow.TextB5.ElvisPresleyElvisPresleyisadistinguishedAmericansingerandactor.Heisoneofthemostcelebratedandinfluentialmusiciansofthe20thcenturyandisoftenreferredtoas“theKingofRockandRoll”.Commerciallysuccessfulinmanygenres,heisthebest-sellingsoloartistinthehistoryofrecordedmusic,withestimatedrecordsalesofaround600millionunitsworldwide.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Westernmusicisbasedonapreciseandseriousmusicsystemthatemphasizesthecoordinationofsoundsandnotes.Westernmusicactuallystemsfromthereligiousceremoniesandhymns,whichformthebasisofWesternmusic’stheme.1.西方音樂(lè)是建立在精確而嚴(yán)肅的音樂(lè)體系之上的，它強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音和音符的協(xié)調(diào)。西方音樂(lè)其實(shí)源于宗教儀式和圣歌。它們形成了西方音樂(lè)主題的基礎(chǔ)。TextB2.ThemusicoftheUnitedStatesreflectsthecountry’smulti-ethnicpopulationthroughadiversearrayofstyles.ItisamixtureofmusicinfluencedbyWestAfrican,Scottish,Mexican,andCubanmusictraditions.Thecountry’smostinternationallyrenownedgenresarejazz,blues,country,R&B,hiphop,androckmusic.2.美國(guó)音樂(lè)通過(guò)多樣的風(fēng)格反映了這個(gè)國(guó)家多民族的人口特點(diǎn)。它是受西非、蘇格蘭、墨西哥和古巴音樂(lè)傳統(tǒng)影響的音樂(lè)混合體。其國(guó)際知名的音樂(lè)形式有爵士、藍(lán)調(diào)、鄉(xiāng)村、節(jié)奏布魯斯、嘻哈和搖滾。PipaGuitarTextCComparison1BlindAbingBeethoven

TextCComparison2SpringMoonlightontheFlowersbytheRiverTheBlueDanubeTextCComparison3BeijingOperaOperaTextCComparison4MarchoftheVolunteersLaMarseillaiseTextCComparison5Case

Study

迷人的弗拉門(mén)戈音樂(lè)我的一位新聞界的朋友對(duì)弗拉門(mén)戈音樂(lè)十分癡迷。他告訴我，他最初愛(ài)上弗拉門(mén)戈音樂(lè)是因?yàn)樵谝欢我曨l中看到吉他演奏大師們的手指在琴弦上不斷翻飛、速度驚人，他們?cè)趶棑芮傧业耐瑫r(shí)用指尖歡快地敲擊琴板，他由此心生敬佩，驚覺(jué)世上竟然還有這樣一種奇特又叫人入迷的吉他風(fēng)格。Case

Study

有一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)有國(guó)外的弗拉門(mén)戈歌舞團(tuán)來(lái)演出，他主動(dòng)請(qǐng)纓去采訪，實(shí)則是想順便看演出。但是回來(lái)后寫(xiě)稿時(shí)他想當(dāng)然地把

“Flamenco”寫(xiě)成了“Flamingo”，還好校對(duì)老師及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并改了過(guò)來(lái)，這可真尷尬?！案ダT(mén)戈”不僅是歌、舞和吉他音樂(lè)的三合一藝術(shù)，也代表一種慷慨、狂熱、豪放和不受拘束的生活方式。有時(shí)弗拉門(mén)戈演出中的歌手緊皺眉頭，面部表情憂郁、憤懣，歌聲嘶啞，這是吉卜賽人通過(guò)音樂(lè)和舞蹈來(lái)表現(xiàn)和訴說(shuō)他們悲慘的命運(yùn)和處境。Case

Study

分析點(diǎn)評(píng)

弗拉門(mén)戈是一種綜合性藝術(shù)，它融舞蹈、歌唱、器樂(lè)于一體，源于傳統(tǒng)吉普賽人民居住的地方。弗拉門(mén)戈吉他曲有些粗獷強(qiáng)硬，情緒澎湃深沉；有些細(xì)膩、神秘傷感。音樂(lè)是沒(méi)有國(guó)界的，我們可以融入其中，用心讀懂音樂(lè)中流露的情感，欣賞他國(guó)音樂(lè)。Translation

漢譯英

1.京劇角色

“生、旦、凈、丑”是京劇中的角色分類(lèi)?！吧笔悄行哉娼巧?，“旦”是女性正面角色，“凈”是性格鮮明的男性配角(supportingrole)，“丑”是幽默滑稽的人物或反面角色。每種角色都有表明身份的臉譜(facialmake-up)和扮相。只要演員一上場(chǎng)，一看便知。在人的臉上涂上某種顏色以象征這個(gè)人的性格和品質(zhì)、角色和命運(yùn)，是京劇的一大特點(diǎn)，也是理解劇情的關(guān)鍵。簡(jiǎn)單地講，紅臉含有褒義，代表忠勇(valor)；黑臉為中性，代表猛智；黃臉和白臉含貶義，代表兇詐。Translation

Keys

1.BeijingOperaRoles

Sheng,Dan,JingandChourefertodifferenttypesofrolesinBeijingOpera.Shengisthepositivemalerole,andDanisthepositivefemalerole,whileJingisasupportingmalerolewithadistinctivecharacterandChouistheclownoranegativecharacter.Eachtypeofrolehasitsownfacialmake-upandcostumethatexposeitsidentityassoonasheorsheappearsonthestage.OnemajorcharacteristicofBeijingOperaisthecolorpaintedonthefaceofacharacterthatshowsthepersonality,quality,role,andfate,whichisalsothekeytounderstandingtheplot.Toputitsimply,redispositive,standingforloyaltyandvalor;blackrepresentsaneutralrole,indicatingvigorandwisdom;yellowandwhitebothsuggestcunningandnegativecharacters.Translation

2.昆曲

昆曲(KunOpera)源于江蘇昆山地區(qū)，至今已有600多年的歷史，它是中國(guó)戲曲最古老的存在形式之一。昆曲有一個(gè)完整的表演體系并且有自己獨(dú)特的腔調(diào)。昆曲在明朝初期得到發(fā)展。從16到18世紀(jì)，它一直主宰著中國(guó)戲曲。此外，昆曲還影響了中國(guó)許多其他的戲曲形式。今天，昆曲依然在中國(guó)的一些大城市表演，受到了許多人的喜愛(ài)。漢譯英

Translation

Keys

2.KunOpera

KunOperaoriginatedintheKunshanregionofJiangsuProvince.ItisoneoftheoldestexistingformsofChineseoperaswithahistoryofmorethan600years.KunOperahasacompletesystemofactingcharacterizedbyitsowndistinctivetunes.DuringtheearlyMingDynasty,KunOperagotdevelopedanditdominatedChines