Unit5 Reading and Thinking 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新人教單元：選擇性必修一

Unit5

(ReadingandThinking)詞匯課堂1.devote由de-(表示強調)+vote(tovow發(fā)愿)構成。詞源義是“發(fā)下宏愿”，引申為“致力于”“獻身于”詞塊：devoteoneselfto,devote…to派生詞：devoted,devotion2.shortageshort+-age詞塊：food/water/housingshortages,ashortageof3.tackle意為“處理/解決”時近義詞為dealwith4.crisis詞塊：crisisofconfidence,energycrisis,financialcrisis5.boost基本義“使增長”6.convincecon-(表示強調)+vince(toconquer征服)→思想上征服→使信服詞塊：convincesbthat,convincesbtodosth,convincesbofsth7.characteristiccharacter(必修一U5)+-istic(形容詞后綴)8.attainat-(=ad-,to去)+tain(totouch觸摸)→去觸摸→達到、得到；正式用語(比achieve正式)本單元詞匯梳理9.assumptionassume(必修二U5)—assumption10.intensein-(入、向內)+tens(延伸)+-e→拉緊、繃緊→緊張的、激烈的；近義詞：extreme派生詞：intensity11.overcomeover-(在上、超過)+come(來到)，原義為“趕上；超過”，引申詞義“戰(zhàn)勝；克服

”詞塊：overcometheproblem/difficulty,beovercomewithsadness12.expandex-(out向外)+pand(tospread,stretch展開)→向外展開→擴展、擴大；派生詞：expansion13.output合成詞：out+put14.estimate詞塊：itisestimatedthat...15.domesticdom(house家)+-estic(形容詞后綴)→家的→國內的16.consumptionconsume—consumption17.comprisecom-(together共同)+pris(toseize抓)+-e→全部抓在一起→包括；正式用語

(對應makeup)詞塊：becomprisedof(對應bemadeupof)18.generategener(birth出生)+-ate(tocause使)→使……出生→產(chǎn)生詞塊：generateelectricity；派生詞：generation19.leisure詞塊：leisuretime/activities20.vision&envisionvis(tosee看)+-ion(名詞后綴：表示行為或結果)

→視力隱喻：視力→大腦的“視力”→想象；遠見卓識同根詞：visit,visible,reviseen-(tomake使)+vision→envision21.realityreal+-ity；詞塊：inreality抽象名詞具體化；詞族：real,really,reality,realise,unreal22.saltysalt(鹽)+-y(充滿……的)重難點詞精講overcome搭配義estimate搭配義boost熟詞生義devoteconvince一詞多義搭配義vision&envision詞根隱喻devote華特?迪士尼（WaltDisney，1901年12月5日—1966年12月15日），出生于美國伊利諾伊州芝加哥，美國著名的動畫大師、企業(yè)家、導演、制片人、編劇、配音演員、卡通設計者、舉世聞名的迪士尼公司創(chuàng)始人。華特?迪士尼獲得了56個奧斯卡獎提名和7個艾美獎，是世界上獲得奧斯卡獎最多的人。一個人應該盡可能早地設定自己的目標，并且傾其精力和才能實現(xiàn)它。devotevt

把……用于；致力于；獻身于：Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.2016北京改Shedevoted

allherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.devoteoneselfto

獻身于；致力于；專心于：Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.2010四川devote詞源解讀devote由de-（表示強調）+-vote（tovow發(fā)愿）構成。詞源義是“發(fā)下宏愿”，基本義是“把……用于”。詞匯拓展devoted

adj摯愛的；全心全意的；忠誠的：Herson,to

whomshewassodevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.devotionn

[U]獻身；忠誠；熱愛；專心：devotiontodutyIrespectedhisdevotiontoteaching.belostinfocusonbeabsorbedinbeinvolvedinbeengagedin寫作同義異構：除了devoteoneselfto你還能想到哪些表示“專注于/致力于做某事”的表達？concentrateon自2013年初，adidas公司發(fā)布了UltraBoost系列跑鞋，boost就成為了最火的球鞋中底緩震科技。boost是一種發(fā)泡材料，柔軟舒適且回彈迅速，讓人在跑步時的每一次落地、蹬地都能感受到十足的彈性，就像被源源不斷的能量推動著前進。而這一特點，恰恰與單詞boost的本身含義密切相關。boostvt

使增長；使興旺；促進：Each“l(fā)ike”boostsmyconfidence.Researcheshaveshownthatsmilingcanlowerbloodpressure,reducestressandboosthappiness.2009山東改Thenewresortareahasboostedtourism.n[C]［常用單數(shù)］增長；幫助；激勵：agreat/tremendous/welcomeboost基本義：使增長convincevt

使確信；使信服tomakesb/yourselfbelievethatsthistrue：HowcanIconvinceyou?①convincesbofsth:You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.②convincesb+(that)從句：I’dconvincedmyselfthatIwasright.

說服

(persuade)：convincesbtodosth:IhopeIcanconvinceyoutostopbyandvisitusinNewYork.con-(表示強調)+vince(toconquer征服)→思想上征服→使信服(基本義)convincedadj

確信的；堅信的：Samnoddedbuthedidn’tlookconvinced.Iam

convincedofherinnocence.convincingadj

有說服力的；使人信服的：convincingevidence

【拓展】convince語義網(wǎng)絡圖使信服基本義convince使某人信服某事使某人信服他人的話去做某事使確信；使信服說服程度遞進分詞形容詞用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Iampretty____________(convince)thatawisechoicemakesperfect.（2014上海）2.Thematchwaspostponedtothe____________(follow)Saturdaybecauseofbadweather.3.Aparkinglotisseenpackedwithtensofthousandsof____________(share)bikesbelongingtotheChinesebike-sharingfirmMobike.4.Theexpertexpectstheunemploymentfigurestoriseevenhigherinthe____________(come)months.5.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.Everyonehereis____________(will)tolendyouahand.（2014安徽）convinced很多動詞的-ed形式和-ing形式已經(jīng)成為獨立詞條，稱作分詞形容詞。其中有一類分詞形容詞，如動詞的___________形式表示主動關系；動詞的___________形式表示被動關系。-ed-ingfollowingsharedcomingwilling

戰(zhàn)勝；克服：overcometheenemy/thedifficultiesIfyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.

[常用于被動語態(tài)]

受到……的極大影響：Overcomebycuriosity,theboylookedoutthewindow.Herparentswereovercomewithgriefatthefuneral.overcome(overcame,overcome)vtovercome詞源解讀over-(在上、超過)+come(來到)，原義為“趕上；超過”，引申詞義“戰(zhàn)勝；克服”estimate

vt

[常用于被動語態(tài)]估計；估算；估價：①estimatesth(atsth):Theyestimatethecosttorepairat$800.2016天津改②beestimatedtobe/have:Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.③estimate/itisestimated+(that)從句：Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudentsarearound$8,450ayear.2013湖南ItisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!estimaten[C]估計；估算；估價：aconservative/roughestimate“itis+動詞

-ed+that從句”結構根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.In2010,______________________________（據(jù)估算）about400villageshopsclosed.（2014

上海改）2._________________________（普遍認為）peopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.（2014重慶）(believe)3.____________________（人們常說）thejoyoftravellingisnotinarrivingatyourdestinationbutinthejourneyitself.（2008

江蘇）4.____________________（據(jù)報道）aspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.（2015安徽改）5.____________________（一致同意）weshouldholdanothermeeting.itwasestimated/calculatedthatItisgenerallybelievedthatItisoftensaidthatItisreportedthatItis/wasagreedthatvision詞源解讀：vis(tosee看)+-ion

(名詞后綴)→看的能力→視力同根詞：

visit:vis(tosee看)+it(togo去)→去看→參觀；拜訪

visible:

vis(tosee看)+-ible(capableof可……的)

→看得見的revise:re-(again再)+vis(tosee看)+-e→再去看→復習visionn

[U]視力(sight)；視覺：havegood/poorvision

[C]想象；幻象apictureinyourimagination：

giveheravisionofherfuture2009上海

[U]遠見卓識：amanofgreatvision.詞匯拓展envisionvt［正式用語］展望；想象：YuanLongpingenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.人教新選必

-5改本單元隱喻典型詞單詞基本義比喻義grain谷物__________ear耳朵__________route路線__________remote偏僻的/偏遠的__________barrier障礙物__________root根__________顆粒穗途徑遠親的障礙根源1.Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.2010四川2.You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.3.Ifyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.4.ItisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!本單元金句匯總隨堂檢測devote一、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。1.Shedevotedherself

hercareer.2.Inreallifethestarofthefilmisa

(devote)husbandandfather.3.Her

(devote)tothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.IfIbecomeateacher,Iwill

（全身心地投入）givingthemabettereducation.2.Hehas

（將一生奉獻給）worldpeace.（2011陜西）

3.Themeetingwill

（用于）healthandsafetyissues.4.Tomsaidthathe

（深愛著）hisfamily.devotemyselftobedevotedtowasdevotedtodevotedhiswholelifetotodevoteddevotion寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thisnewtechniquewillboostfoodproduction. ________2.Thepublicationofthisbookboostmyconfidence. ________3.Weneedaholidaytoboostourspirits. ________4.Thiswillbeagreatboosttotheeconomy. ________5.Gettingthejobgavehimaterrific（極好的）boost. ________boost提高增強激發(fā)推動鼓舞convince一、在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。1.Hemanagedtoconvincethejury（陪審團）

hisinnocence（清白）.2.I’vebeentryingtoconvincehim

(see)adoctor.3.Scientistsareconvinced

thepositiveeffectoflaughteronphysicalandmentalhealth.二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成句子。It’suselesstryingto____________________________________________（使她相信自己不需要減肥）.of

toseeof

convinceherthatshedoesn’tneedtoloseanyweightovercome根據(jù)所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。1.要不是老師們的支持，我無法克服這個困難。（2017江蘇）Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,_____________________________________________.2.她終于克服了上課時的羞怯。(manage)______________________________________________________3.她激動得難以自持，有好幾分鐘說不出話來。(emotion)_____________________________,shefoundherselfunabletospeakforafewminutes.IcouldnotovercomethedifficultyOvercome