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導(dǎo)數(shù)之隱零點問題導(dǎo)數(shù)之隱零點問題大題優(yōu)練10優(yōu)選例題優(yōu)選例題例1.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,討論SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,對任意SKIPIF1<0恒成立,求整數(shù)k的最大值.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增;(2)SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)因為SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,從而SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.(2)因為SKIPIF1<0,對任意SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以存在唯一的SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,由(1)知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以存在唯一的SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以k的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.
模擬優(yōu)練模擬優(yōu)練1.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)討論函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性;(2)證明:不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立.【答案】(1)答案見解析;(2)證明見解析.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,令SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,綜上所述,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減.(2)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.又由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有唯一實數(shù)根SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0,知SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即不等式SKIPIF1<0恒成立.2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的最值;(2)若SKIPIF1<0對SKIPIF1<0恒成立,求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【答案】(1)最小值為SKIPIF1<0,無最大值;(2)SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,無最大值.(2)由題知,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恒成立,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的極值;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,證明:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】(1)答案見解析;(2)證明見解析.【解析】(1)∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0恒成立,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0無極值;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的極小值為SKIPIF1<0,無極大值.(2)證明:令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0的根為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,兩邊求對數(shù)得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即原不等式成立.4.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)區(qū)間;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;(2)證明見解析.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0時,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0可化為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0易知SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減.(2)令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0可化為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,易知SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上增函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,所以存在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0.5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的極值點,求a的值;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,證明:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)證明見解析.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0,由題意知SKIPIF1<0,又設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,顯然當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,因此函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是增函數(shù),而SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的極小值點,故SKIPIF1<0符合題意.(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,對于SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故要證明SKIPIF1<0
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