新概念英語第二冊(cè)-lesson-77-A-Successful-Operation

Lesson77

ASuccessfulOperationListentomusicandthenfilltheseblanksEverydayEnglishEastorwest，homeisbest．金窩、銀窩，不如自己的草窩．Newwordsandexpressionsmummy

['m?m?]

n.木乃伊Egyptian[?'d??p?(?)n]

adj.埃及的temple

['temp(?)l]n.廟mark

[mɑ?k]

n.斑點(diǎn)plate

[ple?t]

n.（照相）底片disease[d?'zi?z]

n.疾病last[lɑ?st]

v.持續(xù)

prove[pru?v]

v.顯示出resin

['rez?n]

n.樹脂skin

[sk?n]

n.皮膚section

['sek?(?)n]

n.切片figure

['f?g?]

n.（人的）體形；人像normally

['n??m(?)l?]

adv.通常地survive

[s?'va?v]

v.幸免于KeyWords——mummymummy

n.木乃伊；媽媽eg:一具古埃及木乃伊正在博物館展出。AnancientEgyptianmummyisonexhibitioninthemuseum.IwishMummywouldn’tgushover(對(duì)…過分贊揚(yáng))Peter’slittlesuccessesatschool;itmakeshimfeelafoolinfrontofhisfriends.單元媽媽不要老是對(duì)彼得在學(xué)校取得的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)進(jìn)步就過分贊揚(yáng)，這就會(huì)使他在朋友面前感覺自己像個(gè)傻瓜。Egyptian[?'d??p?(?)n]adj.埃及的，埃及人的theEgyptianpharaoh['f?ro]埃及法老1.拉美西斯二世2.美尼斯

3.胡夫

4.左塞爾

5.阿赫那頓6.圖坦塔蒙7.圖特摩斯三世

8.阿蒙霍特普三世

9.尼克二世10.塞提一世

11.圖特摩斯四世

12.大流世一世EgyptianPyramid埃及金字塔n.埃及人，古埃及語Egypt[?i?d??pt]n.埃及templetempleofheaven天壇Afterthefire,nothingremainedofthemagnificentbuildingsofthetemple.大火過后，寺院里的哪些雄偉建筑已蕩然無存。templefaire廟會(huì)markEE:asmallareaonthesurfaceofsomethingwhichisdamaged,dirtyordifferentinsomeway.n.標(biāo)志、符號(hào)、痕跡trademark商標(biāo)Hemademarkswithapencil.他用鉛筆做了記號(hào)。Herfingerleftmarksonthescreenofmytelevision.她的手在我的電視的屏幕上留下了印子。v.做記號(hào)，標(biāo)記于，打分?jǐn)?shù)Markthemwithasymbol.用個(gè)符號(hào)把他們標(biāo)出來。相關(guān)表示：signplate[ple?t]n.(照相)底片；盤子；鋼板Thereisahugeplateofbaconandeggsonthetable.有一大盤子培根和雞蛋在桌子上。steelplate鋼板licenseplate牌照inone’splate心情很好disease[d?'zi?z]n.疾病therapidspreadofdiseaseinthearea.心臟病heartdiseaseThediseaseattackedhissuddenly.疾病突然侵襲了他。詞義辨析：illness，disease

兩個(gè)詞在口語中用法相同，也有一些細(xì)微差別：illness（adiseaseofthebodyormind,ortheconditionofbeingill)指病的狀態(tài)，時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短，或指身體不好。Shediedafteralongillness.她在久病之后去世了。Hesuffersfromaseriousillness.他病得很厲害。Disease(anillnesswhichaffectsaperson,animal,orplant)一般指有醫(yī)學(xué)名稱，與身體的部分有關(guān)的疾病，如果是傳染性疾病的話會(huì)被攜帶或傳染。akidney/infectiousdisease腎病/傳染性的疾病一般下列疾病只用illnessmentalillness/terminalillness精神疾病/晚期疾病last[lɑ?st]n.末尾，最后，上個(gè)eg.Hefinishedoffthelastofthewine.他喝完了剩下的酒。adj.最后的；最近的；最新的Muchhaschangedsincemylastvisit.自從我上次來訪后，變化很大。adj.最后地；上次；最近Whenwereyoutherelast?你最近一次在那里是什么時(shí)候？v.持續(xù)，夠用，持久（+表示時(shí)間的名詞/短語，for可有可無）Thegamelastedonlyhalfthenormaltime.這場(chǎng)比賽只持續(xù)了正常比賽時(shí)間的一半。Therepairedsaillastedlessthan24hours.Thewarbetweenthetwocountrieslasted(for)overthreeyearsuntil1453.這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)3年多。prove

[pru?v]toshowthatsomethingistruebyprovidingfacts,informationetc.v.證明，顯示prove+n./adj./todosth/從句Thenewevidenceproveshimtobeguilty.新證據(jù)證明他是有罪的。Thenewtreatmenthasprovedtobeverysuccessful.新的治療方式證實(shí)非常成功。Itisdifficulttoprovewhetherspacelifeexistsornot.要證實(shí)外星人是否存在非常困難。Thearticlehasprovedmostuseful.這篇文章證明非常有用。provesb.wrong證明某人錯(cuò)誤sb./sth.provetobesth某人/某事被發(fā)現(xiàn)是provesth.tosb.向某人證明某事物屬實(shí)相關(guān)表達(dá)：proofn.證據(jù)，證明approvev.批準(zhǔn)，同意resin

['rez?n]n.樹脂；松香Thetransparentshoulderstrapsaremadeofresin.透明的肩帶是樹脂做的。skin[sk?n]n.皮膚Herskinisassoftasbabies’.她的皮膚像嬰兒一樣柔軟。香蕉皮/土豆皮banana/potatoskinv.剝皮skinarabbit剝兔皮section['sek?(?)n]n.切片，部分飛機(jī)的尾部著火了。Thebacksectionoftheplanecaughtfire.Thetestconsistsoffoursections.醫(yī)生在顯微鏡下仔細(xì)檢查從尸體上切下來的切片。Thedoctorexaminedthesectioncutfromthedeadbodyunderthemicroscope.figure['f?g?]n.體形；人像；人影；數(shù)字那女人身材很棒。Theladyhasagreatfigure.你最好多運(yùn)動(dòng)一下來保持體形。You’dbetterexercisemoretokeepyourfigure.Shescreamedwhenshesawadarkfigureinherbedroom.當(dāng)她看到臥室的房間里有個(gè)黑影時(shí)尖叫了起來。Howdidyourcalculationarriveatthisfigure?你的計(jì)算怎么會(huì)得出這個(gè)數(shù)字的？normally[‘n??m(?)l?]usually，orundernormalconditionsadv.通常地，正常地Normallyhisbadmoodlastsoneortwodays.通常在早上路上的車會(huì)少些。Therearelesscarsinthemorning./Thetrafficisnormallylighterinthemorning.相關(guān)表達(dá)：normaladj.正常的，一般的記憶點(diǎn)撥：norm(規(guī)范，規(guī)則)—al(形容詞后綴)—ly(副詞后綴)survive[s?'va?v]tocontinuetoliveafteranaccident,war,orillness:survivesth.幸免于；熬過…;在…中幸存下來沒有乘客在空難中幸存。Noneofthepassengerssurvivedtheaircrash.Iwonderhowtheycansurviveonsuchpoorincome.我很想知道他們靠那么可憐的收入是怎么活下來的。Hesurvivedallhischildren.他比他所有孩子活的都長(zhǎng)。相關(guān)表達(dá)：survivaln.幸存

survivorn.幸存者

victimn.死難者，受害者Watchthecartoonandthenanswerthesequestions.Q1:WhathashappenedtothemummyofanEgyptianwomanrecently?Q2:Whydidthedoctorsdecidetooperateonthismummy?Q3:Whatdidthedoctorsfindduringtheoperation?Q4:Didthemummysurvivetheoperation?Themummyjusthasanoperation.AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-Rayplatestakenofthemummy,theonlywaytofindoutwhethershediedofararediseaseistooperateonthemummy.TheyfoundasmallwaxfigureofthegodDuamutefinsidethemummy.Yes,itdid.Themummydidnotfalltopiecesasthedoctorshadfeared.ReadafterthetextLanguagePointsThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.Translation:死于公元前800年的一位埃及婦女的木乃伊剛剛接受了一次手術(shù).了解：國(guó)際上以耶穌基督誕生為起點(diǎn)，在耶穌基督誕生之前叫“公元前”，耶穌基督誕生開始為公元。耶穌誕生那年以后的年代是“公元后”，簡(jiǎn)稱“公元”。公元元年相當(dāng)于于我管西漢子弟元始元年。BC-BeforeChristAD-AnnoDomini.主的生年從公元前三百年到公元四百年：from300B.C.toA.D.400operation[?p?'re??(?)n]n.手術(shù)；操作；經(jīng)營(yíng)giveanoperationonsb.給某人做手術(shù)haveanoperation(onsb)動(dòng)手術(shù)operationonsb.forsth.“生效，實(shí)施”的表達(dá)方式：come/bringintooperationWhendoestheplancomeintooperation?這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃什么時(shí)候?qū)嵤縄sthisruleinoperationyet?這條規(guī)定生效了嗎？ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.

Translation:這是曾在底比斯神殿里當(dāng)過歌手的賽潘姆特的木乃伊。1）that用以指代前面的themummy,以避免重復(fù)。在指代特指的事事物時(shí)，尤其是在比較狀語從句中，常用that和those指代前面提到的事物：ThecostoflivinghereislowerthanthatinLondon.這里的生活費(fèi)用比倫敦的要低。2）thatof和thoseof通常用于比較正式的文體中：TheareaoftheUSAislargerthanthatofBritain.美國(guó)的面積比英國(guó)的要大。Tom’spenisbetterthanthatoftheotherboys.湯姆的筆比其他男孩的要好。課文中使用thatof結(jié)構(gòu)的原因之一是Shepenmut需要后面跟一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明她身份的關(guān)系從句。AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.

Translation：由于在給這個(gè)木乃伊拍攝的X光片子上有點(diǎn)奇怪的斑點(diǎn)，所以，醫(yī)生們一直試圖搞清這位婦女是否死于一種罕見的疾病。takenofthemummy過去分詞作定語修飾platestaketheplatesof給…拍片子hand/givesb.sth.onaplate把某事物奉送給某人/讓某人輕易獲得某事物。dieof,死于…,因…而死（后面跟名詞）死于內(nèi)因Themandiedofabadcold/diedofhunger.那個(gè)人死于重感冒/是餓死的。死于外因：diefromdiefromanearthquake/atrafficaccident,alightning,astroke,etc)死于地震（交通事故、雷擊等）dieout-滅絕完全的滅亡,滅絕

eg.Thistribe[tra?b]

andthetribalcustomsdiedoutcenturiesago.這個(gè)部落和部落文化幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前滅絕了。Theoperation,whichlastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseofthehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.Translation：手術(shù)持續(xù)了4個(gè)多小時(shí)，非常難做，因?yàn)槠つw上覆蓋著一層硬硬的樹脂。which引導(dǎo)的分句為非限制性關(guān)系從句，因?yàn)樗昂蠖加卸禾?hào)。非限制性關(guān)系從句提供補(bǔ)充信息，往往可以略去。逗號(hào)的取舍有時(shí)對(duì)句子的意思有很大的影響：Thegovernmentwhichpromisestocuttaxeswillbepopular.承諾減稅的政府將贏得人心。（限制性）Thegovernment，whichpromisestocuttaxeswillbepopular.這個(gè)政府承諾減稅，它將會(huì)贏得人心。（非限制性）becauseof由于becauseof=asaresultof由于Becauseof(=Asaresultof)hisillness,hecancelledhisbirthdayparty.注意區(qū)分：becauseof+名詞性短語because+從句Becausehewasill,hecancelledhisbirthdayparty.Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.

Translation：醫(yī)生們從木乃伊身上取下一個(gè)切片，送去實(shí)驗(yàn)室（化驗(yàn)）。Remove1）除掉衣服上的這些墨水污點(diǎn)洗得掉嗎?Cantheinkberemovedfromtheclothes?2）移開有一會(huì)兒他的視線沒有從她的面孔上移開Foramomenthedidnotremovehiseyesfromherface.Theyfearedthatthemummywouldfalltopieceswhentheycutitopen,butfortunatelythishasnothappened.

Translation：他們?cè)鴵?dān)心在把木乃伊切開后，它會(huì)散成碎片，但幸運(yùn)得很，這種情況并未發(fā)生。cutopen切開Theletterwascutopen.這封信被剪開了。falltopieces=gotopieces碎成碎片，散掉Heavyheartistoodeep,willloadnotsadblow,allfalltopiecesinthedarknessofmidnight,letmeemptyandalone.心的沉重太深，再也負(fù)荷不起憂傷的打擊，全部碎落在漆黑的午夜，讓空洞的我獨(dú)自面對(duì)。SpecialdifficultiesSkin，LeatherandComplexionskinn.人體的皮膚；指某人是什么顏色的皮膚（可與complexion互換）Wearewettotheskin.Hehasadarkskin/complexion.leathern.皮革Shoesmadeofrealleatherhavebecomeveryexpensive.Thissofaismadefromrealleather.complexionn.膚色Lookatherrosycheeks.Shehasalovelycomplexion.Specialdifficulties

WaxandCandlewaxn.蠟（不可數(shù)名詞）Allthefiguresinthisshoparemadeofwax.candlen.蠟燭（可數(shù)名詞）Ikeepacandlebymybedincasethelightsgooutsuddenly.Grammar–定語從句ThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.(限制性)ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.(限制性)Theoperation,whichlastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseofthehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.

(非限制性)TheyalsofoundsomethingwhichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow.(限制性)Thisgodwhichhastheheadofacowwasnormallyplacedinsideamummy.(限制性)GrammarRestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause

VS試比較Shehasasonwhoisadoctor.（不止一個(gè)）Shehasason,whoisadoctor.（僅有一個(gè)）Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.

（沒說使她生氣的話）Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.（他沒作聲，這使她非常生氣）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明確。非限制性定語從句只是對(duì)先行詞作附加說明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。2，限制性定語從句與主句之間不能用逗號(hào)分開，非限制性定語從句與主句之間要用逗號(hào)隔開.Thefilmwhichwasshownjustnowisveryexciting.(限制性)Wesawanexcitingfilm,whichisabouthowpeoplefightagainstpollution.(非限制性)3.限制性定語從句可以用that引導(dǎo);非限制性定語從句不用that引導(dǎo),應(yīng)用which/as引導(dǎo).Thatistheinterestingnovelthat/whichyouareeagertoread.Ireadaninterestingnovel,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.關(guān)系代詞as的用法及其與which的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞as在定語從句中指代整件事，充當(dāng)句中的主語或者賓語，它經(jīng)常和thesame,such,as一起搭配使用，共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定詞組。Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.Asisexpected,heisadiligentboy.Shehasthesamebookasyouhave.關(guān)系代詞as可以放在句子的開頭，可以使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而關(guān)系代詞which則不可以。請(qǐng)比較：Aseveryoneknows,itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,whichiscleartous.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,asisknownbyus.as習(xí)慣上用于下列詞組:thesame…assuch…asas…asasyouknowaswehaveseenasisknowntoallasanybodycanseeaswasexpectedForexampleHehasboughtthesametypeofbike

asIhave.Suchteachersas

knowTomthinkhimbright.Asweknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.He,asweexpected,cametothepartyontime.

Theearthisround,___isknowntoall.___isknowntoall,theearthisround___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.as

AsIt定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,as具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的as的使用ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.asas這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。定語從句4.限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞做賓語時(shí)可省略。非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)則不能省略，介詞后的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。Iwillneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespenttogether.Heisthemantowhomyoucanturnforhelp.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,died

in1918.5。限制性定語從句只修飾先行詞，非限制性定語從句可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾其前面的整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分。Shefailedtotheexamagain,whichmadehermotherveryangry.HewillmadeatriptoSuzhou,whichisfamousforit’sbeautifulscenery.區(qū)別限定性定從VS非限定性定從形式

限

ThevillagewhereIgrewupisabeautifulplace.

非

IspentawholeafternoonwithTom,whowasveryhelpful.

功能

限

They’retwogirls.ThegirlthatIlikeiskind.

非

MysisterEllen,whoisnice,isanurse.先行

限

TheEnglishmanthatIknowisPeter.詞

非

Mikesoldthehouse,whichmadehisfatherangry.關(guān)系Exercise詞

無“，”

，

意思不完整

不影響表達(dá)

既可以是單個(gè)名詞，也可是整個(gè)句子

通常為單個(gè)名詞或代詞①that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定從。②whom在非限定從中不能用who代替。③引導(dǎo)非限定從的關(guān)系詞，即使作賓語也不可省略。ExercisesA1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC解析：定語從句中的先行詞為all,none等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞必須用that,而不是which.故選C。2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD解析：thisfactory容易被學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤地混為先行詞，其實(shí)這是Thisfactory是句子的主語而不是先行詞。所以選擇D.Theone中的one

指代的是factory,作定語從句的先行詞。4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD解析：題中的theschool是定語從句的先行詞。in+which=where,因此選D.試比較：Thisschoolis____myfatherworked20yearsago.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.theonewhichB3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC解析：theday是定語從句的先行詞，shespentinBeijing中的動(dòng)詞spent是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語，theday作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語。因此選C.5、Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、inwhichC、whatD、theoneA解析：thefactory是定語從句的先行詞,用作賓語；從句wevisitedlastyear中visit是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語，因此選A.6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB解析：stories是定語從句的先行詞,同時(shí)stories被最高級(jí)所修飾，因此選B.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it2.Johnistheboyto______Igavethemoney.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which3.HisEnglish,_______usedtobeverypoor,isnowexcellent.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what4.I’llcomeatten,_______I’llbefree.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what5.Shehastwobrothers,________areteachers.A.whoB.thatC.whomD./

BBACA(99)Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis(00)Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.whatJohnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.

A.heB.thisC.whichD.who(00)_____isknowntoall,themoongoesaroundtheearthtwiceamonth.A.AsB.ItC.WhichD.What√√√√＊關(guān)系代詞＊介詞+關(guān)系代詞

＊名詞或代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞

①Theknife______weoftenusetocutthebreadisverysharp.(which,withwhich)②Theknife_________wecutthebreadisverysharp.(which,withwhich)③Ihaveneverclimbedthemountain,______thetopiscoveredwithsnowallyearround.④Ihaveneverclimbedthemountain,_____topiscoveredwithsnowallyearround.(which,ofwhich,whose,where)which

withwhichofwhichwhose*關(guān)系代詞和人稱代詞/指示代詞的選擇

①Hehasthreesons,noneof_____isadoctor.②Hehasthreesons,butnoneof____isadoctor.③Hehasthreesons,_______aredoctors.④Hehasthreesons;____aredoctors.A.whomB.themC.theyD.whoADBC定語從句易混句型1.①Istillrememberthedays_______Iworkedwiththefarmers.②Istillrememberthedays_______IspentwiththefarmerswhichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.①Wewereontheway______itbegantorain.②Idon’tliketheway_____youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.whichwhenwhichwhenthat3.①Theteacherdidn’tknowthereason__