中考英語人教版專題復(fù)習(xí)課件（甘肅）+專題十+構(gòu)詞法

專題十構(gòu)詞法命題點1派生法

在一個單詞前面或后面加上一個詞綴構(gòu)成新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作派生法。加在單詞前的詞綴叫前綴，加在單詞后的詞綴叫后綴?？枷?前綴（前綴一般只改變詞的意思而不改變其詞性）1.表否定意義的前綴前綴含義示例un-不，非able→unableusual→unusualhappy→unhappylock→unlockcomfortable→uncomfortablein-不,無，非active→inactive

correct→incorrectexpensive→inexpensivecomplete→incompleteim-不，無，非polite→impolite

patient→impatientpossible→impossible前綴含義示例dis-不，非like→dislikeappear→disappearagree→disagreehonest→dishonestnon-不；非smoker→non-smokernative→non-native2.其他前綴含義示例mis-錯誤地understand→misunderstandlead→misleadre-再；又，重復(fù)view→review

build→rebuildwrite→rewriteinter-相互；交互在一起net→Internetnational→internationala-處于……狀態(tài)或過程中l(wèi)ive→alivewake→awakeen-使可能rich→enrich

able→enable前綴含義示例tele-遠(yuǎn)的；電視的；電話的phone→telephonevision→televisioncontrol→telecontrol考向2后綴（后綴多數(shù)改變詞性）類型后綴示例形容詞→名詞-nessill→illness

sad→sadnesscareful→carefulnesskind→kindnesshappy→happiness（-le變）-（il）ityable→ability

real→realitypossible→possibility-ce（以t結(jié)尾先去t，再加-ce）important→importancesilent→silencedifferent→difference類型后綴示例形容詞→名詞（去e加）-thtrue→truth

warm→warmth-（e）rforeign→foreignerstrange→stranger-tysafe→safety形容詞→副詞-lyquiet→quietly

real→reallyfinal→finally以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先變y為i，再加-lyhappy→happily

angry→angrilyheavy→heavily類型后綴示例形容詞→副詞以“輔音字母+e”結(jié)尾，先去掉e，再加-ysimple→simply

terrible→terriblycomfortable→comfortably以“l(fā)l”結(jié)尾，直接加-yfull→fully少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾，要先去掉e，再加-lytrue→truly名詞→名詞-istart→artist

piano→pianisttour→tourist類型后綴示例名詞→名詞-hoodchild→childhoodneighbor→neighborhood-shipleader→leadershipfriend→friendship-eseChina→ChineseJapan→Japanese-n,

-an,

-ianAustralia→AustralianEurope→Europeanmusic→musician類型后綴示例名詞→形容詞-yrain→rainy

health→healthywealth→wealthy

luck→lucky類型后綴示例名詞→形容詞-lylove→lovely

friend→friendly-ousdanger→dangeroushumor→humorous-fuluse→useful

help→helpfulcare→careful-lessuse→useless

help→helplessend→endlesscare→careless-ernsouth→southern

west→western類型后綴示例名詞→形容詞-engold→golden

wood→wooden-alnation→nationaltradition→traditional-ishfool→foolish

child→childish動詞→名詞-er,

-or,-（r）essteach→teacher

win→winneract→actor

visit→visitorhost→hostess

wait→waitress類型后綴示例動詞→名詞-ingpaint→painting

build→buildingcross→crossing-（t）ion/-sion/去e加-ationinvite→invitationattract→attractiondiscuss→discussion動詞→形容詞-ablecomfort→comfortableenjoy→enjoyable類型后綴示例動詞→形容詞（去e加）-（t）iveact→active

create→creative-（e）dsurprise→surprisedmove→movedinterest→interestedrelax→relaxed（去e加）-inginterest→interestingexcite→exciting命題點2合成法

用兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作合成法。其構(gòu)成方法有3種：（1）詞與詞之間加連字符“-”；（2）詞與詞合成一個詞；（3）詞與詞分開。類型主要方式例詞合成動詞副詞+動詞overcome克服合成名詞名詞+名詞basketball籃球bookshop書店形容詞+名詞greenhouse溫室blackboard黑板類型主要方式例詞合成名詞動名詞+名詞living

room起居室reading

room閱覽室名詞+動詞-ingletter-writing寫信story-telling講故事介詞+名詞afternoon下午類型主要方式例詞合成形容詞名詞+形容詞world-famous舉世聞名的snow-white雪白的名詞/形容詞+名詞-edglass-topped玻璃罩的kind-hearted好心的介詞+名詞underground地下的名詞+動詞-ingEnglish-speaking說英語的類型主要方式例詞合成形容詞名詞+過去分詞man-made人造的heartbroken心碎的，悲傷的數(shù)詞+名詞second-hand二手的one-way單行的數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞10-meter-long

10米長的合成副詞副詞+名詞upstairs在樓上downstairs在樓下類型主要方式例詞合成介詞介詞+名詞outside在……外面inside在……里面介詞+副詞without沒有

throughout自始至終；遍及命題點3轉(zhuǎn)化法

英語中，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切。常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式如下：類別例詞名詞→動詞book（n.）書→（v.）預(yù)訂hand（n.）手→（v.）上交water（n.）水→（v.）澆水land（n.）陸地→（v.）著陸name（n.）名字→（v.）命名score（n.）分?jǐn)?shù)→（v.）得分類別例詞動詞→名詞cook（v.）烹飪→（n.）廚師rain（v.）下雨→（n.）雨walk（v.）散步，走→（n.）散步break（v.）打破→（n.）休息stop（v.）停止→（n.）車站lift（v.）舉起→（n.）電梯形容詞→動詞clean（adj.）干凈的→（v.）打掃open（adj.）開放的→（v.）打開last（adj.）最后的→（v.）持續(xù)tidy（adj.）整潔的→（v.）使整潔類別例詞形容詞→名詞right（adj.）正確的→（n.）正確wrong（adj.）錯誤的→（n.）錯誤back（adj.）后面的→（n.）背部，后面light（adj.）明亮的→（n.）燈；光Ⅰ.詞匯考查1.The

family

are

having

a

__________（discuss）

about

how

to

help

the

homeless

cats

in

the

neighborhood.2.In

Zhuhai

Park,

you

can

enjoy

the

natural

beauty,

or

_______（simple）

breathe

the

fresh

air.3.The

man

who

has

made

up

his

mind

to

win

will

never

say

“___________（possible）”.discussionsimplyimpossible4.People

in

that

city

prepared

to

________（build）

their

houses

after

the

terrible

flood.5.Although

he

has

some

______________（advantage）,

the

teacher

still

encourages

him

a

lot.6.Mozart

was

one

of

the

most

famous

__________（music）

in

the

world.7.This

new

program

will

_______（able）

older

people

to

study

at

college.8.The

future

is

__________（certain）.

No

one

knows

what

will

happen

tomorrow.

So

live

for

now!rebuilddisadvantagesmusiciansenableuncertain9.With

the

money,

we

have

____________（success）

sent

many

poor

children

to

school.10.Some

insects

are

_________（harm）

and

we

should

try

to

protect

them.11.It's

very

kind

of

you

to

help

me

with

my

English

with

great

_________（patient）.12.I

am

afraid

she

will

refuse

my__________（invite）

because

we

don't

know

each

other

well.successfullyharmlesspatienceinvitation13.He

was

quite

___________（humour）,

and

I

liked

that

about

him.14.Your

___________（suggest）

is

of

great

value

and

is

really

worth

taking.

Thank

you

so

much!15.Mr.

Wind

was

so

proud

that

he

thought

he

was

more

_________（power）

than

Mr.

Sun.16.To

our

___________（excited）,

our

school

team

won

the

basketball

match

again

this

time!humouroussuggestionpowerfulexcitementⅡ.任務(wù)型完形填空use,

cheap,

head,

science,

difference,four,

tradition,

west,

research,

actual

What

should

you

do

if

you

have

a

17.__________?

In

modern

times,

people

often

take

aspirin（阿司匹林）.

But

is

aspirin

18._________

a

modern

medicine?

More

than

4,000

years

ago,

ancient

Egyptians

used

dried

leaves

to

treat

pain.

And

in

the

19._______

century

B.

C.,

a

medicine

made

from

tree

bark（樹皮）

was

used

to

treat

fevers.

headacheactuallyfourthIn

the

nineteenth

century,

European

20.____________

discovered

that

both

medicines

have

the

same

chemical.

They

used

the

chemical

to

make

a

modern

medicine—aspirin.

Today,

it's

one

of

the

world's

21._________

and

most

helpful

medicines.researcherscheapestuse,

cheap,

head,

science,

difference,four,

tradition,

west,

research,

actual

Some

of

the

medicines

we

have

today

come

from

22.___________

Chinese

medicine.

In

the

third

century

B.C.,

some

people

began

studying

the

human

body.

They

tried

many

23._________

ways

to

treat

the

patients

and

recorded

their

results.

For

more

than

2,000

years,

doctors

recorded

what

they

fo