大學(xué)英語語法課件教學(xué)

CollegeEnglishGrammarCourseware目錄contentsNounArticlePronounVerbSubjectsandadvertisementsPreparationSubordinateclauseNoun01TypesofNounsCommonnounsnamesforgeneralcategoriesofpeople,places,orthings,e.g.,"man,""city,""flower.""Propnounsspecificnamesofpeople,places,orthings,e.g.,"John,""NewYork,""EiffelTower.""referringtooneperson,place,orthing,e.g.,"cat,""book,""country."Singularnounsreferringtomorethanoneperson,place,orthing,e.g.,"cats,""books,""countries."PluralnounsThenumberofnounsThepositivecaseofnounsPositivenouns:indicatingownershiporposition,formedbyadding'stotheendofanoun,e.g.,"John'scar,""thecompany'sheadquarters."Article02Indefinitearticlesareusedtorefertoaperson,place,thing,quality,ideaoreventwithoutspecifyingwhichoneismeanIndefinitearticlesareusedwithnounsthatarenotspecificorknownIndefinitearticlesareusedwithnounsthatarethefirstoftheirkind010203TheusageofdefinearticlesThedefinearticle"the"isusedtorefertoaspecificperson,place,thing,quality,ideaoreventthathasbeenmentionedbeforeThedefinearticle"the"isalsousedwithsomegeneralstatementsordefinitionsThedefinearticle"the"isusedwithnounsthatareuniqueorspecificincontextThedefinearticleMissionofArticles010203ThemissionofarticlesismorecommoninspitEnglishthaninwrittenEnglishMissionofarticlescanmakethelanguagemoreconsensusandnaturalInsomecases,articlescanbecommittedduetothecontextorthenatureofthepresencePronoun03ABCDPersonalpronounsObjectivepersonalproofs:me,you,him,her,it,us,themSubjectivepersonalannouncements:I,you,he,she,it,we,theyReflexivepersonalproofs:Myself,Yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,Yourselves,themselvesPositivepersonalannouncements:my,mine,your,your,his,her,hers,its,our,ours,their,theirPositivepronounsSingularpositiveannouncements:mine,yours,his,hersPluralpositivepronouns:ours,your,their02030401DemonstrativepronounsThisThatTheseThat'sitWhoWhatWhichInterrogtivepronounsVerb04MainVerbsTheyexpressthebasicactionorstateofthesubjectExample:"run","sleep"HelpingVerbsTheyhelptoformthetense,aspectorvoiceofthemainverbExample:"have","be"ModalVerbsTheyexpressthetitleornecessityofthesubjectExample:"can","should"TypesofverbsPresentTenseItexpressestheactionorstatethatishappeningnowExample:"Irun"PastTenseItexpressestheactionorstatethathappenedinthepastExample:"Iran"FutureTenseItexpressestheactionorstatethatwillhappeninthefutureExample:"Iwillrun"Thetenseofverbs030201VSItexpressesthesubjectasperformingtheactionExample:"Irun"PassiveVoiceItexpressesthesubjectasreceivingtheactionExample:"Iamrunning"ActiveVoiceThevoiceofverbsIndicativeMoodItisusedtoexpressafactorastatementExample:"Irun"SubjunctiveMoodItisusedtoexpresswishes,hypothesesorcommandsExample:"IwishIcouldrun"ThemoodofverbsSubjectsandadvertisements05AdjectivesDefinitionAdjectivesarewordsusedtodescribeormodifynounsorpronounsTheyprovideadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectTypesAdjectivescanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypessuchasdescriptive,positive,anddemonstrativePositionObjectivesusuallycomebeforethenountheymodify,butsomeofthemcancomeafterthenounaswellExamples"Beautifulflower","Happychild","Bigdog"DefinitionAdvertisementsarewordsusedtomodifyordescribeverbs,objections,orotheradvertisementsTheyprovideadditionalinformationabouttheactionorstateofthesubjectTypesAdvertiserscanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypessuchastemporary,modal,andspatialPositionAdvantageouslycomeafterthesubjectandbeforetheverb,buttheycanalsocomeaftertheverbExamples"Sherunsquickly.","Hespeakssoft.","Theywilldefinitivelywin."01020304AdvertisersThecomparativeandsuperiorformsofobjectionsandadvertisements01ComparativeForms:ComparativeformsofadvisorsandadvisorsareusedtocomparetwothingsorpeopleTheyareformedbyadding"-er"totheendoftheobjectiveoradvisor02SuperlativeForms:SuperlativeformsofobjectionsandadvertisementsareusedtocomparemorethantwothingsorpeopleTheyareformedbyadding"-est"totheendoftheobjectiveoradvisor"Heisthesmarteststudentintheclass."or"Shesingsthemostbeautiful."03Preparation06TypesProposalsareclassifiedintovarioustypes,suchastemporary,spatial,instrumental,andconditionalproposalsUsageEachtypeofpreparationhasitsownspecificusageForexample,temporarypositionsareusedtoindicatetime,spatialpositionsindicatelocationordirection,instrumentalpositionsindicatemeansortools,andconditionalpositionsindicateconditionsorrelationshipsTypesandusageofpositions要點三PositionswithverbsSomeverbsarecommonlyusedwithspecificpreparationsForexample,theverb"togo"isoftenfollowedbytheposition"to"or"in"要點一要點二PositionswithobjectionsAdjectivesaresometimesusedwithproposalstomodifynounsForexample,thenoun"car"canbemodifiedbytheobjective"red"andtheposition"in"toformthephrase"carinthered"PositionswithnounsPositionsareoftenusedwithnounstoindicatepositionorlocationForexample,thenoun"house"canbemodifiedbytheposition"in"toformthephrase"houseinthecity"要點三Thesettlementofpositionswithverbs,objections,andnounsOmittingpositionsPositionscanbecommittedwhentheyarenotnecessaryforclarityorwhentheyareoptionalForexample,theposition"of"canbecommittedinthepresence"thecityofBeijing"whenitisclearthatBeijingisacityWhentoomitOmittingpositionscansometimeschangethemeaningofasentenceForexample,thepresence"thebookonthetable"impliesthatthebookisontopofthetable,whilethepresence"thebookbelowthetable"impliesthatthebookisbelowthetableEffectonmeaningSubordinateclause07010203SubjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthesubjectofasenseIttypicallycomesbeforethemainclauseandisintroducedbyasubcoordinatingconnectionsuchas"because,""appropriate,"or"when."Thesubjectclausecanbeasinglewordoracomplexphrase,anditcanbefineornonfineThesubjectclauseisgrammaticallycompleteandcanstandaloneasasentenceSubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsastheobjectofasenseItcanbethedirectobjectortheindirectobjectTheobjectclausecanbeintroducedbyvarioussuborderingconnections,suchas"that,""which,"or"before."Theobjec