決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-理念闡述類1 精講課件（入門篇）

(高中說明文)理念闡述1決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運(yùn)用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會使用“脫衣服”大法分析長難句。積累與理念闡述類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。Ready?Go!說明文體裁分析Part1課標(biāo)解讀事理說明事物說明說明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對有關(guān)于情商未來研究的期望全國甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現(xiàn)狀全國乙卷C篇介紹藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視和一次性塑料的關(guān)系D篇針對開放性辦公室，一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況的機(jī)器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術(shù)這一活動(dòng)對人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項(xiàng)研究表明狗能夠識別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過百位科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者的公開信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關(guān)內(nèi)容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年全國I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵(lì)大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項(xiàng)能力C篇介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時(shí)裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國III卷D篇通過引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國重新流行起來C篇研究表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動(dòng)飛機(jī)天津卷(7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的3種全新應(yīng)用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學(xué)家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項(xiàng)研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長壽命2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個(gè)人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2019年全國卷IIC篇分析美國越來越多的人喜歡獨(dú)自進(jìn)餐的社會現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國國家航空航天局為了把航天技術(shù)和學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，而針對高中生實(shí)施的HUNCH計(jì)劃。全國卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進(jìn)行基本的加法計(jì)算。北京卷D篇解說由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍(lán)、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來大樹不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費(fèi)以及如何以較少的預(yù)算做出美味佳肴C篇講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學(xué)院的研究表明，新電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設(shè)備更低，是更經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的選擇歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2018年全國卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物的應(yīng)用上取得的進(jìn)展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進(jìn)行了第一次飛行D篇介紹了植物在受到昆蟲的攻擊時(shí)是如何進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)的,北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢全國卷ID篇介紹了一種自己可以親手制作簡易太陽能蒸餾器的方法2014年全國卷ID篇為了拯救因?yàn)闉l臨滅絕的小眾語言，語言學(xué)家展開了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)說明文通常說明某一事物的特征，普遍真理，闡述科學(xué)道理和對事物發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果等進(jìn)行介紹、說明的一種文體。哇，考頻這么高，說明文到底是什么？說明文是高考閱讀理解的?？停磕觊喿x理解都有涉及。說明文一般使用較為科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼Z言對事物進(jìn)行闡述，較少包含情緒化語言。為了準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)要說明的事物，措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，包含專業(yè)術(shù)語和低頻詞，長難句多且句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。那說明文讀什么呢？該怎么讀呢？我們一起來看看吧！說明文的語言特色是什么樣呢？123說明對象事物說明事理說明語篇結(jié)構(gòu)說明順序說明方法一般-特殊型問題-解決型匹配-比較型時(shí)間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理說明文往往為了說清楚某個(gè)事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，因此通常在標(biāo)題或首段直接指出說明對象。說明文圍繞所說事物/事理，采用多種說明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，閱讀過程中把握高頻詞也能準(zhǔn)確找出說明對象，提取核心信息。名師指路(2021北京卷C)①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.方法1：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句方法1：看文章標(biāo)題；尋找首段中心句事理說明文本文屬于理念闡述類說明文2021天津卷D方法2：尋找高頻詞①

Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?②

Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife--theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.③Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.高頻詞2021天津卷D④

Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.⑤

Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.⑥Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.高頻詞:artculturalandcommercialcommunityfunctionalandbeautifulphysicalandpsychological連詞成句，得到說明對象Artcanbefunctionalandbeautiful.2(2021北京卷C)①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.④Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn’tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.⑤“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.⑥

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”說明對象概念定義概念理解現(xiàn)實(shí)意義2021北京C題目見講義2021天津D①

Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?②Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife--theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.③

Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.④Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.⑤Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.⑥Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.各維度的意義說明對象總結(jié)2021天津DExpositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandabletothereaders,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常見的邏輯順序有：從原因到結(jié)果，從主要到次要，從整體到部分，從概括到具體，從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等。名師指路3(2021北京卷C)題目見講義①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.(2021北京卷C)題目見講義④

Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn’tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.⑤

“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.⑥Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”本文是事理說明文，文章闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的概念。作者通過下定義、引資料、打比方等說明方法，文章具體闡釋了學(xué)者們對這一概念的定義、理解和它的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。即說明對象：Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：說明文的說明方法服務(wù)于說明對象。(2021天津卷D)題目見講義②Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife--theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.題目見講義(2021天津卷D)③…④

Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.⑤

Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.本文是事理說明文，講述了藝術(shù)這一活動(dòng)對人類的重要意義，是我們不可或缺的社會生活之一。作者通過舉例子、引資料、作比較等說明方法，從賦予商品的商業(yè)價(jià)值，人類的身心健康和青少年的學(xué)術(shù)和情感發(fā)展等方面論述了藝術(shù)的重要意義。

即說明對象：Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：事理類說明文的說明對象通常也是主旨句，呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。真題講解示例12021北京卷CPART2123WatchthevideoWhatisyourfeeling?(2021北京卷C)題目見講義①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.④Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn’tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.⑤“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm.”Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.⑥

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”摘要一般特殊型

說明文引言正文總結(jié)Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應(yīng)的題目。Extremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.MindMap2021北京C說明對象崩塌原因崩塌學(xué)概念Wemustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Collapseologyismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.未來前景Weshouldlookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapseanddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.Collapseisunderwayandunthinkable.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Globalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform.題目速覽Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.1Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared2題目見講義詞義猜測題推理判斷題Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.3推理判斷題Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.1拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）詞義猜測題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位概念意義Extremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Collapseisunderwayandunthinkable.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.germane技巧點(diǎn)撥：近義復(fù)現(xiàn)unthinkable語法譯主干加枝葉呼吁公眾對世界不確定性的關(guān)注，尤其與此時(shí)此刻的情況密切相關(guān)：此時(shí)此刻，在世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國家，仍處于無法控制流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的泥潭中。答案指向句分析Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.step1:去枝葉，找主干，括從句step2:添加枝葉（定語狀語同位語），補(bǔ)全句意thecallforsth.呼吁……呼吁公眾對世界不確定性的關(guān)注是密切相關(guān)的拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位概念理解2Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worried

B.puzzledC.surprised

D.scaredGlobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform.Collapseologyismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.⑤

yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.⑥“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”技巧點(diǎn)撥：近義復(fù)現(xiàn)ignored而即將發(fā)生騷亂的先行信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好。語法譯主干加枝葉

答案指向句分析step1:去枝葉，找主干，括從句step2:添加枝葉（定語狀語同位語），補(bǔ)全句意belikelytodo很可能……而信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位現(xiàn)實(shí)意義3Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.Weshouldlookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapseanddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.

yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Manisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope…“quietinghopethatignorespreparedness.”…Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”技巧點(diǎn)撥：近義復(fù)現(xiàn)turnoutfine回顧Q3Q2Q1Tip1:說明文詞義猜測題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文詞義猜測題正確選項(xiàng)特征______________________________________詞義猜測劃出題干、選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，上下文語境回憶文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位具體段落關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞句，找出答案Tip1:說明文推理判斷題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文推理判斷題正確選項(xiàng)特征______________________________________推理判斷劃出題干、選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞同義轉(zhuǎn)化或表層含義延伸；一般不包含絕對概念的字眼回憶文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位具體段落關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞句，找出答案①Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.②Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.③Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)1Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3prob