中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單-專題14 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（教師）

PAGE1PAGE1中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單——專題14非謂語(yǔ)知識(shí)梳理·模塊一非謂語(yǔ)之不定式的用法·模塊二非謂語(yǔ)之動(dòng)名詞的用法·模塊三分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞doing和過(guò)去分詞done）·模塊四非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)·模塊五非謂語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)的用法·模塊六2022、2023年全國(guó)各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題非謂語(yǔ)的三種形式 類別結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行boilingwater正在沸騰的水Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在那里的那個(gè)女孩嗎？beingdone被動(dòng)，進(jìn)行（正在被做）Thehousesbeingbuiltnowarefortheteachers.現(xiàn)在正在建的那些房子是為老師而建的。(not)havingdone主動(dòng)，完成(否定)Havingwaitedforanhour,heleft.等了一個(gè)小時(shí)后，他離開了。Nothavingreceivedareply,hewroteanotherletter.沒收到回復(fù)，他又寫了一封信havingbeendone被動(dòng)，完成Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.雖然被告訴過(guò)好多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。過(guò)去分詞done被動(dòng)，完成ThestorytoldbyTomisveryinteresting.湯姆講得故事非常有趣。Thehousesbuiltlastyearareverybig.去年建的那些房子很大。表所處的狀態(tài)或特征Devotedtohelpingothers,heisrespected.他致力于幫助別人而受到尊重。Interestedinthebook,hewantstobuyit.他對(duì)這本書感興趣想買下來(lái)。不定式todo將來(lái)，主動(dòng)Ihavemuchworktodo.我有很多工作要做。tobedone將來(lái)，被動(dòng)Thehousestobebuiltnextmonthareverybig.下個(gè)月將要被建的那些房子很大。tohavedone完成，主動(dòng)使用條件：1）看結(jié)構(gòu)是否需要；2）看是否表達(dá)過(guò)去或完成之意He’ssaidtohaveinventedthetelephone.據(jù)說(shuō)他發(fā)明了電話。Heissaidtohavebeenpunishedbyhisleader.據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)受到了他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的懲罰。非謂語(yǔ)之不定式的用法非謂語(yǔ)之不定式的用法不定式todo不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.百聞不如一見。在很多情況下，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，常采用先行it代替主語(yǔ)，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.★區(qū)分用法★直接用不定式做主語(yǔ)的句子顯得更加正式。如主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是todo，則只能采用第一種形式。對(duì)敵人仁慈就是對(duì)人民殘忍。To

be

kind

to

the

enemy

is

to

be

cruel

to

the

people.如是疑問句或感嘆句，則只能采用第二種形式。如：What

is

it

like

to

be

there?What

a

joy

it

was

to

read

Barak’s

book!用Itis+形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，由于邏輯主語(yǔ)不同導(dǎo)致的for和of的區(qū)別。forsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如：difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.ofsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等?！镄≡嚿硎帧颰obefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowardsfallinginlove.喜歡跳舞是談情說(shuō)愛的一個(gè)步驟。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很困難的。It’sverydifficultforhimtolearntwolanguages.你能這么說(shuō)很有禮貌。It’sverypoliteofyoutosayso.★真題試煉★It’simportant___B__thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplay B.forhimtoplay C.ofhimplaying D.forhimplayingIt’swrong___A__herlikethat.A.ofyoutotreat B.foryoutotreat C.ofyoutreating D.foryoutreating不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.那樣做無(wú)疑是削足適履。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)(見表格附錄)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)用法例句及物動(dòng)詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面。動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?主謂關(guān)系Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.不及物動(dòng)詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面且?guī)舷鄳?yīng)的介詞。Let’sfirstfindaroomtolivein./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.?Attention?但前面被修飾的名詞是place/time/way時(shí)可省略不及物動(dòng)詞的介詞。Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.★小試身手★了解一個(gè)人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段時(shí)間.Thebestwaytoknowapersonistolivewithhim/herforsometime.你有什么可以吃的東西嗎?Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?許多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.Manyoldpeoplecannotfindaplacetospendtherestoftheirlife.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)基本用法：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。表示目的Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.?Attention?inordertodo常置于句首用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。soasto/so….asto表示目的，不可以置于句首。★小試身手★為了能夠準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里，我們必須現(xiàn)在出發(fā)Inordertogetthereontime,wemustsetoffnow.為了款待重要客人，他從英國(guó)請(qǐng)了管家。Inordertotreattheimportantguests,hehiredahousekeeperfromtheUK他們一大早出發(fā)為了能趕上首班車。Theysetoutintheearlymorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.表示結(jié)果so…asto…如此……以至于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such(…)asto…如此……以至于I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughto…足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.too…to…太……以至于不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.onlyto不料卻……，結(jié)果卻……不定式之前有時(shí)可以加上only或butonly，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Iboughtexpensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.★小試身手★你說(shuō)這些話只會(huì)把大家弄得更加緊張。Yousaidtheseonlytomakeeveryonemorenervous.她太小了不能看這個(gè)暴力電影。Sheistooyoungtowatchthisviolentmovie.?Attention?:但是too….to結(jié)構(gòu)前如果出現(xiàn)but,never,only等詞時(shí)則表示肯定?；畹嚼蠈W(xué)到老。It’snevertooold/latetolearn.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ)的用法。結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例see+賓語(yǔ)+do看見（賓語(yǔ)）做……了seehimgototheofficesee+賓語(yǔ)+doing看見（賓語(yǔ)）正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+賓語(yǔ)+beingdone看見（賓語(yǔ)）正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+賓語(yǔ)+done看見（賓語(yǔ)）被做seehimbittenbyadog不定式todo（do）做賓補(bǔ)表示“要去做”。結(jié)構(gòu)例詞例句動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示勸請(qǐng)、要求、喜好類Iwantbothofyoutogo.Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.do做賓補(bǔ)表示“全過(guò)程”。動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+do（省略to）一“感”：feel二“聽”：hear/listento三“使”：have/make/let四“看”：see/watch/notice/findIsawmydaughterentertheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.非謂語(yǔ)之動(dòng)名詞的用法非謂語(yǔ)之動(dòng)名詞的用法動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)(a).動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)通常位于句首。Seeingisbelieving.Notfinishingschoolcanaffectyourwholelife.(b).將it放句首做形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末的常用結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis+awasteoftime/nogood/notanygood/nouse/useless+doingsth.Itisnousetalkingtohimagain.Itisnogood(your)refusingtodoit.★小試身手★__Gettingmarried______isanimportantdecisioninaperson’slife.（結(jié)婚）__Drivingwhiledrunk______isagainstthelaw.（酒后駕車）_____Listeningtoclassicalmusic____relaxesmeattheendoftheday.（聽古典音樂）跟他聊天就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Itisawasteoftimetalking/chattingwithhim動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)MyjobisteachingEnglish.★小試身手★他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。__Theirjobismaking_______wheelchairsfordisabledpeople.★區(qū)分用法★作主語(yǔ)含義例句不定式todo一次性的具體的動(dòng)作有特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者Tolieiswrong.ToliveinBeijingistheheightofTom’sambition.動(dòng)名詞doing抽象的泛指的動(dòng)作無(wú)特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者Lyingiswrong.Swimmingisgoodexercise.作表語(yǔ)含義例句不定式todo一次性、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作His

job

is

to

paint

the

walls.

動(dòng)名詞doing一般性、抽象的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墻。（這是他日常的工作）動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)（見表格附錄）非謂語(yǔ)之現(xiàn)在分詞的用法非謂語(yǔ)之現(xiàn)在分詞的用法現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)分詞做定語(yǔ)的基本含義。分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。這兩種在句子中能擔(dān)任的成分大體相同?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動(dòng)的意思過(guò)去分詞一般有被動(dòng)的意思用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)的句子（表示主動(dòng)）用過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的句子Heisaninterestingman.Thehousestandingtherebelongstome.Interestedmemberswillmeetattwo.Thehousebuiltlastyearisverybeautiful.分詞作定語(yǔ)的重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)为?dú)作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之前，在更多情況下，可以用分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，這時(shí)分詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后，在意義上也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，如：現(xiàn)在分詞：touchingstory/leadingcadres/shiningexample/comingweek/過(guò)去分詞：skilledworker/armedforces/boiledwater/steamedbreadBarkingdogsseldombite.Soonourrespectedandbelovedleadersenteredthebanquethall.Whoisthemanstanding(=thatisstanding)bythedoor?Theybuiltahighwayleading(=whichleads)intothemountains.★小試身手★寫出下列短語(yǔ)的意思therisingsun旭日f(shuō)allenleaves落葉fadedflowers凋零的花returnedstudents海歸retiredworkers退休工人theexplodedbomb已爆炸彈departedfriends離去的朋友把分詞做定語(yǔ)改成定語(yǔ)從句或者定語(yǔ)從句改成分詞作定語(yǔ)Theyareproblemsleftoverbyhistory.Theyaretheproblemswhichwereleftbyhistory.HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswhichwerewrittenbyLuXun?HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswrittenbyLuXun?developingcountries=countriesthataredevelopingacitythatisgrowing=agrowingcity作定語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,(變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)),如：Tellthechildrenplayingthere(whoareplayingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.Didyouseethemantalking(whowastalking)tothemanager?表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時(shí))的狀態(tài),(變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí),用一般時(shí)態(tài)),如：Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousestanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒有一定的時(shí)間性，如：Themeetingheld(whichwasheld)lastweekisveryimportant.Heisamanloved(whoisloved)byall.?Attention?：如果所表示的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生，或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示，如：Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.(discuss)?Attention?：如果所表示的是一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，可以用一個(gè)不定式的被動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示，如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.★小試身手★Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.(discuss)Pleasetellmethesubjectsdiscussedlastweek.(discuss)DoyouknowthemeetingbeingdiscussednowisheldbyPeter?(discuss)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成。現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示陪襯性的動(dòng)作或伴隨情況，如：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthegame.?Attention?：a.分詞表示的必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；b.分詞表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）是同時(shí)發(fā)生的；c.分詞表示的是比較次要的動(dòng)作，對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)加以說(shuō)明；d.大部分放在謂語(yǔ)之后；e.分詞有時(shí)可以與句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開?，F(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，表示原因或理由，如：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.試試可不可以變成狀語(yǔ)從句呢：Becauseshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.?Attention?如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，則要用完成形式，如：Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的從句），如：Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.試試可不可以變成狀語(yǔ)從句呢：Whensheturnedaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.?Attention?：這里分詞表示的是一個(gè)極短暫的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生。這類分詞一般放在句首。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是完全同時(shí)發(fā)生的，多用when或while+分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)還可以表示結(jié)果、條件和讓步，如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(條件)Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(讓步)試試可不可以變成狀語(yǔ)從句呢：Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Althoughthestoneweighsalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式和被動(dòng)形式分詞的完成形式主要用在狀語(yǔ)中，表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，如：Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)（1）過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，可以修飾謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，如：Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.（2）過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)表示原因（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句），如：Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.試試可不可以變成狀語(yǔ)從句呢：Hesoonfellasleepas/becausehewasexhaustedbythejourney.（3）過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以表示時(shí)間（相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）和條件（相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句），如：United,westand;divided,wefall.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.試試可不可以變成狀語(yǔ)從句呢：Ifweareunited,westand;Ifwearedivided,wefall.When/Iftheparkisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.?Attention?：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面有時(shí)可以加上when,if,while,though,asif等連詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是一種省略的狀語(yǔ)從句（省略部分多為“主語(yǔ)+be的多種形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主語(yǔ)必須和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，如：If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilspokento.試試看把它們補(bǔ)充完整：If/whenwaterisheated,itchangedintosteam.Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilsheisspokento.?Attention?：在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致.過(guò)去分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動(dòng)；而現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動(dòng)?！镄≡嚿硎帧镌囈辉嚕号袛嘞铝芯渥又蟹衷~充當(dāng)什么狀語(yǔ)，并且看看可不可以轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)狀語(yǔ)從句。EveryeveningtheysatonthesofawatchingTV. 表伴隨Igothome,feelingverytired. 表伴隨Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher. 表原因Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingup. 表時(shí)間Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo. 表?xiàng)l件/時(shí)間非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)todo一般進(jìn)行完成主動(dòng)todotobedoingtohavedone被動(dòng)tobedone/tohavebeendone★小試身手★能被邀請(qǐng)來(lái)做演講是我的榮幸。It’smyhonortobeinvitedtomakethisspeech.老板經(jīng)過(guò)他身邊時(shí)，他假裝正在打電話。Whenthebosspassedby,hepretendedtobemakingaphonecall.他們似乎在發(fā)薪日前就花光了上個(gè)月的工資。Theyseemedtohavespentuplastmonth’ssalarybeforethepayday.doing一般（與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生）完成（在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生）主動(dòng)doinghavingdone被動(dòng)beingdonehavingbeendonedone過(guò)去分詞done的一般情況即表示“被動(dòng)、完成”的含義，所以沒有時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化?！镄≡嚿硎帧颰oearn(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedtoworkinalocalcaféasawaiter.目的狀語(yǔ)2.Themostcommonmistakesleading(lead)toabadbackarepoorbodymechanicsandunhealthyhabits.定語(yǔ)3.Weteenagersoftenthinkthatparentsareconservative(保守的),andtheyknownothingaboutus,buthonestly,we’reactuallystilltooyoungtoknow(know)what’sreallybestforus.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)4.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficultyadapting(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.賓語(yǔ)5.Wondering(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.原因狀語(yǔ)6.TheFlakesbroughtalongalobster(龍蝦)trapinhopesofhavingsomedelicioustreats,butitwaslostwithinthefirstfewhoursafterbeingattacked(attack)byashark.7.“Ithinkshewouldlikeyoutohaveit.”Shocked(shock),Itookitfromherautomatically.Shesmiledandwalkedaway.伴隨狀語(yǔ)8.Havingendured(endure)toomanyofthesetragediesinthepastfewyears,eachtimeIlearnthenewsIreactnotasaPresident,butasanybodyelsewould—asaparent.Andthatwasespeciallytruetoday.9.Hehasaconstanturgetocheck(check)fornextmessages;hecheckshisphoneeveryfiveminutes!定語(yǔ)10.Manyresearchersclaimtohavefound(find)relationshipsbetweenleft-handednessandvariousphysicalandmentalcharacteristics.賓語(yǔ)11.Thecitiesexperiencing(experience)thehighestannualgrowthinofficerentalratesarebothinSouthAfricawith40percentrateriseforDurbanand44percentforSandton.定語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)的用法非謂語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)的用法非謂語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)的用法不定式todo做賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)構(gòu)公式（肯定）：下列動(dòng)詞/短語(yǔ)+todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)公式（否定）：下列動(dòng)詞/短語(yǔ)+nottodosth.考試高頻詞：同意agree目標(biāo)aim安排arrange要求（2）askdemand嘗試attempt乞求beg選擇choose決定decide想要（2）wantdesire期待expect失敗fail碰巧happen希望hope設(shè)法成功做到manage提供offer計(jì)劃plan準(zhǔn)備prepare假裝pretend承諾promise拒絕refuse動(dòng)名詞doing做賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)構(gòu)公式：下列動(dòng)詞/詞組+doingsth.動(dòng)詞+doing的用法高頻考察動(dòng)詞承認(rèn)admit建議（2）advice/advisesuggest允許（2）allowpermit欣賞，感激appreciate避免avoid考慮consider推遲（2）delaypostpone否認(rèn)deny討論discuss不喜歡dislike享受enjoy逃脫escape借口excuse完成finish禁止forbid原諒forgive想象imagine保持keep介意mind錯(cuò)過(guò)miss練習(xí)practice/priactise防止prevent推薦recommend抵抗resist冒險(xiǎn)risk理解understand介詞短語(yǔ)+doing的用法帶to的短語(yǔ)致力于（2）attendtodovote(oneself)to習(xí)慣于（2）be/getusedtobeaccustomedto導(dǎo)致leadto期待lookforwardto做貢獻(xiàn)makeacontributionto反對(duì)objectto更喜歡，寧愿preferto注意payattentionto堅(jiān)持sticktopersistininsiston帶have的短語(yǔ)過(guò)得艱難（2）haveadifficulttimehaveahardtime過(guò)得愉快，玩得愉快（3）haveagoodtimehavefunhavepleasure做某事有困難（3）havedifficultyhavetroublehaveaproblem做某事有經(jīng)驗(yàn)haveexperiencespend的短語(yǔ)花時(shí)間spendtime花錢spendmoney其他高頻考察短語(yǔ)同意agreewith以……開始beginwith小心becarefulwith忙于bebusywith對(duì)……感到滿意（2）bepleasedwithbesatisfiedwith對(duì)……感到生氣beangrywith厭倦于（3）beboredwithbefedupwithbetiredof擅長(zhǎng)（2）begoodatdowellin拙于bebadat害怕beafraidof喜歡（2）befondofbekeenon對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)（3）beresponsibleforbeinchargeoftakechargeof為……向某人道歉apologizetosbfor著名befamousfor感興趣beinterestedin成功succeedin擔(dān)心（2）beworriedaboutbeconcernedabout向某人抱怨complaintosb.about/of夢(mèng)想dreamof與……不同bedifferentfromtodo和doing皆可作賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)形式結(jié)構(gòu)公式：下列動(dòng)詞+todo/doingsth.加todo和doing含義相同的動(dòng)詞Dawsonlikesgivingmoneyaway.=Dawsonlikestogivemoneyaway.Hestartedworkingin1940.=Hestartedtoworkin1940.請(qǐng)記住這些動(dòng)詞:begin,can’tstand,continue,hate,like,love,prefer,start,continue,goon加todo和doing含義不同的動(dòng)詞詞結(jié)構(gòu)意義例句stopstopdoing停止正在做的事Dawsonlovestowork.Hedoesn’tplantostopworking.stoptodo停下去做某事Dawsonwantedtofinishschool,buthestoppedtogetajob.rememberrememberdoing記得做過(guò)的事Dawsonremembersearning$1.15anhourin1940.remembertodo記得去做某事Dawson’smothersaid,“Alwaysremembertohelpothers.”forgetforgetdoing忘了做過(guò)的事Iforgetborrowingmoneyfromyou.forgettodo忘了去做某事Iforgettobuyanewspaper.regretregretdoing后悔做過(guò)的事情Iregretblamingtheaccidentonyou.regrettodo很遺憾的去做某事Iregrettoinformyouthebadnews.needneeddoing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)Idon’tneedwarningagain.needtodo表主動(dòng)Ineedtorepairmyoldcar.trytrydoing試著做做Ifyoudon’twanttolookatadsinthenewspapers,trynetworking.trytodo努力嘗試做某事Itriedtoimprovemyresumes.meanmeandoing意味著LosingabusinLondonmeanswaitingforanotherhour.meantodo打算做Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.2022、2023年全國(guó)各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題2022、2023年全國(guó)各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·云南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TodayisFather’sDay,andIplan________adinnerformyfather.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepared D．prepare2．（2022·遼寧大連·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork3．（2023·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’sreportedthatChinaplans________astronautstothemoonbefore2030.A．send B．sending C．tosend4．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhaveprepared________theSTEAMClub.A．join B．joining C．tojoin D．tojoining5．（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Davidlearnt________whenhewasfive.A．swim B．swims C．swam D．toswim6．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—OurschoolwillinviteMr.Wang________usatalkonenvironmentalprotectionnextweek.—That’swonderful!A．give B．togive C．giving D．gave7．（2022·湖南邵陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—HoucanIpreventCOVID-19,Dad?—________healthy,youshouldalwayswearamaskandwashhandsfrequently.A．Keep B．Keeping C．Tokeep8．（2022·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________asharedfuture,weshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.A．Create B．Tocreate C．Creating9．（2022·湖南益陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending10．（2022·貴州黔西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mostofthestudentsarelookingforwardto________themselvesaftertheexams.A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing11．（2022·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weshouldhaveahealthydiet,properexerciseandenoughsleep________fit.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keep D．kept12．（2022·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised13．（2022·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold14．（2022·廣西桂林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyareworkinghard________tigers.A．saved B．save C．tosave15．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’simportantforthedisabled________theabilitytomakealiving.A．tohave B．have C．having D．has16．（2023·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Manypeopleenjoy______zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival.A．making B．made C．tomake17．（2023·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—AreyougoingtoreadthebookJourneytotheWest?—Yes.Ourteacherexpectsus________suchtraditionalChinesebooks.A．read B．reading C．toread18．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Today,wemustcontinueworking________ourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear.A．keep B．tokeep C．keeping19．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________thequalityofPEclasses,someschoolsputsmarttechnologyintouse.A．Improving B．Toimprove C．Improve D．Improved20．（2023·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________downairpollution,weshouldwalkortakethebusinsteadofdriving.A．Cut B．Tocut C．Cutting21．（2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）IsawLily________whenIpassedherroom.A．dance B．dancing C．todance22．（2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________healthy,we’vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.A．Keeping B．Keep C．Tokeep D．Tokeeping23．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weexpecttheworld_______Chinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.A．understanding B．tounderstand C．understood D．understand24．（2022·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Iusuallyspendtime________inthelibraryonweekends.A．read B．reading C．reads D．toread25．（2022·廣西玉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Safetycomesfirst!Everyoneshouldstopthekidsfrom________inthelakeorriver.—Lifeisvaluable.Kidsmustremember________theschoolrules.A．swim;tofollow B．swim;followingC．swimming;following D．swimming;tofollow26．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）IhavedecidedtogotoBeijingand________oneofmyoldfriendsthere.A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit27．（2022·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifeachofusmakesefforts_______somethingmeaningful,oursocietywillbecomebetterandbetter.A．tolose B．tobelost C．todo D．tobedone28．（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided29．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）GoodnewscomesthatChinahassentShenzhouXIVtospace________theunknownworld.A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．toexplore30．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—MostteenagerslikehumorousTVshows.—Metoo.Ican’thelp________whenIwatchthem.A．laughing B．tolaugh C．laughed D．laugh31．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Whethersportsmen,sportswomenorvolunteers,peopleusedtheirskillsandwarmth________theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsashiningsuccess.A．make B．making C．made D．tomake32．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Travellerscan’twait________theirnewtoursinthecomingholiday.A．tostart B．starting C．started D．start33．（2022·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）—Thedoctorsarebusy________howtodealwiththisdiseasethesedays.—Sotheyare.They’rereallyhard-working.A．discuss B．todiscuss C．discussing34．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________toomuchsweetfoodwillmakepeoplegetfat.A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate35．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Betty,I’mnotgoodatEnglish.Couldyouhelpmeplease?—Sure.I’lldowhatIcan________youimproveyourEnglish.A．tohelp B．help C．helping D．helps36．（2023·湖南益陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whydidyoucometoschoolsoearlytoday?—Oh,Iarrivedhereat7:00________forthetest.A．prepare B．preparing C．toprepare37．（2023·湖南邵陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—IsLucyintheclassroom?—Yeah.SheisstilltherewatchingMr.Li________.A．todraw B．drawing C．draws38．（2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Boysandgirls,goodluckandwishyou________goodgradesinanewyear.A．get B．getting C．toget39．（2023·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weshouldavoid________anoiseinthelibrary.A．make B．tomake C．making40．（2023·吉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Wehope________abeautifulhomebylivingalow-carbonlife(低碳生活).A．build B．building C．tobuild41．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—TheLifelongJourneyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks________Ihaveeverread.—Yeah,thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto________itagain.A．that,reading B．which,toread C．that,toread42．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theteachersusedto________keypointsontheblackboard,butnowtheyaregettingusedto________themthroughPPTs.A．write,showing B．writing,show C．write,show43．（2023·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Mike,wearetoldnot________thephonewhilecrossingthestreet.—Iamsorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A．a(chǎn)nswering B．toanswer C．a(chǎn)nswer44．（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?—Iplan________HuaHua,anearly3-year-oldlovelypandainChengdu.A．see B．saw C．seeing D．tosee45．（2023·湖北孝感·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Safetyisveryimportanttoallofus.—Iagree.Westudentsshouldlearn________ourselvesinthedailylife.A．wheretohold B．whattovisit C．howtoprotect D．whytohelp參考答案：1．A【詳解】句意：今天是父親節(jié)，我打算為父親準(zhǔn)備一頓晚餐?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。plantodosth“計(jì)劃做某事”，為固定短語(yǔ)，故選A。2．D【詳解】句意：我希望畢業(yè)后能在家鄉(xiāng)工作。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)hopetodosth“希望做某事”，故選D。3．C【詳解】句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，中國(guó)計(jì)劃在2030年前將宇航員送上月球?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。plantodosth“計(jì)劃做某事”，為固定短語(yǔ)，故選C。4．C【詳解】句意：科學(xué)是我最喜歡的科目，所以我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備加入STEAM俱樂部了?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。preparetodosth“準(zhǔn)備做某事”，固定短語(yǔ)，所以空處用動(dòng)詞不定式，故選C。5．D【詳解】句意：大衛(wèi)五歲時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)游泳?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。learntodosth“學(xué)習(xí)做某事”，為固定短語(yǔ)，故選D。6．B【詳解】句意：——下周我們學(xué)校將邀請(qǐng)王先生給我們做一個(gè)關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的演講。——那是精彩的！考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。invitesb.todosth.“邀請(qǐng)某人做某事”。故選B。7．C【詳解】句意：爸爸，我該如何預(yù)防新冠病毒？——為了保持健康，你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常戴口罩，經(jīng)常洗手?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？仗幨莿?dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。故選C。8．B【詳解】句意：為了創(chuàng)造一個(gè)共享未來(lái)，我們應(yīng)該向彼此學(xué)習(xí)并幫助彼此?？疾椴欢ㄊ接梅āreate創(chuàng)造。選項(xiàng)A是動(dòng)詞原形；選項(xiàng)B是動(dòng)詞不定式；選項(xiàng)C是動(dòng)詞的ing形式?？崭裆闲杼钜粋€(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示“為了”。故選B。9．B【詳解】句意：——Tom，你覺得閱讀重要嗎？——是的。所以我決定從現(xiàn)在開始花更多時(shí)間來(lái)閱讀。考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。spend花費(fèi)，動(dòng)詞原形；tospend花費(fèi)，動(dòng)詞不定式；spending花費(fèi)，動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞。decidetodosth表示“決定做某事”，因此空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。故選B。10．D【詳解】句意：大多數(shù)學(xué)生都期待著考試后放松自己?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。work工作；relax放松。根據(jù)“aftertheexams.”可知，考試過(guò)后應(yīng)該是放松，可排除AB選項(xiàng)；固定短語(yǔ)lookforwardtodoingsth.“期待著做某事”。故選D。11．B【詳解】句意：我們應(yīng)該有健康的飲食、適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻捄统渥愕乃邅?lái)保持健康?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，健康的飲食、適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻捄统渥愕乃呤菫榱吮３纸】?。故選B。12．B【詳解】句意：這位年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員每天花四個(gè)小時(shí)練習(xí)排球?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spendsometime(in)doingsth.“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故選B。13．C【詳解】句意：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使農(nóng)民能夠在全國(guó)各地銷售水果和蔬菜?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)enablesbtodosth“使某人能做某事”。故選C。14．C【詳解】句意：他們正在努力拯救老虎?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處在句中表示目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式形式，故選C。15．A【詳解】句意：對(duì)殘疾人來(lái)說(shuō)，有謀生的能力是很重要的?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)。itisadj.forsb.todosth“做某事……”，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，故選A。16．A【詳解】句意：許多人喜歡在端午節(jié)自己包粽子?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。enjoydoingsth“喜歡做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故選A。17．C【詳解】句意：——你打算讀《西游記》嗎？——是的。我們老師希望我們讀這樣的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)書籍?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。expectsbtodosth“期待某人做某事”，所以此處使用動(dòng)詞不定式，故選C。18．B【詳解】句意：今天，我們必須繼續(xù)打好藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“ourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear”可知藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土是繼續(xù)工作的目的，空格處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。故選B。19．B【詳解】句意：為了提高體育課的質(zhì)量，一些學(xué)校使用了智能技術(shù)?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“thequalityofPEclasse”可知，為了提高體育課的質(zhì)量，學(xué)校使用了智能技術(shù)，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故選B。20．B【詳解】句意：為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)該步行或乘公共汽車而不是開車?？疾閯?dòng)詞形式。根據(jù)“weshouldwalkortakethebusinsteadofdriving.”可知，減少空氣污染是目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。故選B。21．B【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)她的房間時(shí)，我看到莉莉在跳舞?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。seesb.dosth.“看見某人做了某事”；seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做某事”。根據(jù)“whenIpassedherroom.”可知，此處是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故選B。22．C【詳解】句意：為了保持健康，我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣飯前洗手和使用公共筷子?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題干可知，飯前洗手和使用公筷是為了保持健康，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故選C。23．B【詳解】句意：我們期待第19屆杭州亞運(yùn)會(huì)后，世界更好地了解中國(guó)?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。expectsbtodosth“期待某人做某事”，此空應(yīng)填不定式，故選B。24．B【詳解】句意：周末我通常在圖書館看書。本題考查動(dòng)詞spend的用法?！盎ㄙM(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”的英文表達(dá)為“spendtime(in)doing”，所以應(yīng)選擇動(dòng)名詞形式reading。故選B。25．D【詳解】句意：——安全第一！每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該阻止孩子們?cè)诤锘蚝永镉斡?。——生命是寶貴的。孩子們必須記住遵守校規(guī)?？?/p>