Unit1LaughoutloudUsinglanguage語法課件高中英語選擇性

Non-definingattributiveclausesLearningobjectives1.

Recognize

theform,functionofnon-definingattributiveclausesbyobservingandanalyzing.2.Conclude

thedifferencesbetweennon-defininganddefiningattributiveclausesbyanalyzingandsummarizing.3.Use

non-definingattributiveclauses.Intheclass,wewillbeableto:

ReviewDrawamindmapofattributiveclauses.

物:

人:修飾名詞或代詞做定語的從句先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句that,which,whosewho,whose,that,whomwhen,where,why只用which只用that

非限制？性MysisterwhoworksinShanghaisendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.既然需要限定，說明我的姐姐很多，除了在上海工作的姐姐，還有其他姐姐，刪去后從句表意不明。我在上海工作的姐姐幾乎每天都給我發(fā)電子郵件。（限制性定語從句）Mysister,whoworksinShanghai,sendsmean

emailalmosteveryday.既然不需要限定，說明我只有一個姐姐，刪去從句后句意依然明確。我姐姐在上海工作，幾乎每天都給我發(fā)電子郵件。（非限制性定語從句）一、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別Activity2ObserveandanalyzeObserveandanalyzethesentences.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1.形式和功能不同限制性定語從句的主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，從句對先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限定和識別，如果把從句去掉，句意就會發(fā)生變化，甚至不能成立；非限制性定語從句的主句和從句之間通常用逗號隔開，從句對先行詞起補充說明的作用，如果把從句省略掉，對句意沒有太大影響。Observeandanalyzethesentences.1.Whatdo“where”,“which”and“when”refertoineachsentence?2.Whichsentencecontainaclausewithessentialinformationandwhichwithextrainformation?3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenaclausewithessentialinformationandtheonewithextrainformation?[thedifferencesbetween(c)and(a,b)]Ifweremoveit,thesentencedoesnotmakesense.Ifweremoveit,thesentencestillmakessense.Activity2ObserveandanalyzeSomethingthatisimportantshouldberemembered.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.2.先行詞：（限制性定語從句）先行詞是名詞先行詞是代詞Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isamoderncity.2.先行詞：（非限制性定語從句）Infrontofsomanypeoplehewasnervous,whichwasunderstandable.

先行詞是句子先行詞是名詞He,whoismybestfriend,alwayshelpsmewhenI’mintrouble.

先行詞是代詞2．先行詞及其在從句中作的成分關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中作的成分who人主語/賓語whom人賓語which物主語/賓語whose人/物定語that人/物主語/賓語when/where時間名詞地點名詞時間狀語地點狀語whyreason原因狀語3.關(guān)系詞2．先行詞及其在從句中作的成分關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中作的成分who人主語/賓語whom人賓語which物/整個主句主語/賓語whose(＝ofwhom/which)人/物定語as人/物/整個主句主語/賓語when時間名詞時間狀語where地點名詞地點狀語3.關(guān)系詞DeepthinkingObserveandanalyzethesentences.如何判斷從句中缺少什么成分：找到先行詞并把先行詞帶入從句。Iwalkthroughthedoorsintothewaitingarea.Thereisafamiliaratmosphereofboredomandtensioninthewaitingarea.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇【例句感知】◆Iboughtanovelyesterday，whichwaswrittenbyHanHan.(which在從句中作__________)◆Theboy，whosefatherisanengineer，studiesveryhard.(whose在從句中作_____)◆HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.(when在從句中作_________)主語定語時間狀語限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性非限制性形式上無逗號有逗號意義上去掉后主句意思不完整去掉后主句意思完整作用修飾限制補充說明先行詞名詞/代詞名詞/代詞/整個句子關(guān)系詞8個去that和why加上as翻譯先譯從句再譯先行詞，……的……譯成兩個并列分句“介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句由“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)時，

其中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom。介詞的選擇原則主要有：1．根據(jù)介詞與動詞的搭配關(guān)系◆Therearesomedetailsintheproject,aboutwhichthemanagercaresmuch.(careabout)經(jīng)理非常關(guān)心這項工程里的一些細(xì)節(jié)。2．根據(jù)介詞與形容詞的搭配關(guān)系◆Iintroducedsomesubjectstoher,inwhichshemaybeinterested.(beinterestedin)我給她介紹了幾個科目，她可能對它們感興趣。3．根據(jù)介詞與先行詞的關(guān)系◆LastnightItookpartinapartyandlostmykey,withoutwhichIcan'topenthedoorofmydormitory.昨天晚上我參加聚會把鑰匙丟了，沒有鑰匙我打不開宿舍的門。4．根據(jù)屬于與被屬于(或部分與整體)的關(guān)系◆Therestandsabuildingoverthere,theelevatorsofwhichoftengooutoforder.那里有一座樓，那座樓的電梯經(jīng)常出故障。as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指代整個句子時，區(qū)別如下：【例句感知】◆Einstein,asweknow,isafamousscientist._______________，愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學(xué)家。(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代__________)◆Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大，這使我沒去成公園。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代______________________

)眾所周知整個句子指代前句“Itrainedhardyesterday【領(lǐng)悟歸納】as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指代整個句子時，區(qū)別如下：項目aswhich位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后位于主句之中或之后意義正如，像這、那功能連接上下文，表達(dá)說話人的觀點，并指出主句內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句

關(guān)系代詞as關(guān)系代詞which不同點位置位于句首，句中，句尾位于句中或句尾翻譯“正如……”“這，那”相同點形式需要用逗號as和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定從從句的區(qū)別Asisknowntoall,theearthrevolvesaroundthesun.

（as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，強調(diào)已知的事實或普遍接受的觀點）Thebookwaswrittenasshehadsuggested.

（as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行方式）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，常用于下列一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中:（1）asisexpected不出所料

（2）asisreported正如所報道的（3）asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的（4）asisoftenthecase這是常有的事（5）asweallknow/asisknowntoall眾所周知[即時演練2]]——單句語法填空(1)SevenpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfirethatbrokeoutonFriday,fourof______werebadlyinjured.(2)(2020·江蘇卷)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline，_______whichstudentscanchooseforfree.(3)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______whichthesailingtimewas226days.(4)(北京卷)Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmap________whichwewouldhavelostourway.(5)(天津卷)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(6)Tenyearsofhardworkchangedhergreatly,________whichhecouldhardlyrecognizeheratfirstsight.(7)(陜西卷)ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________whichshewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.whomfromof

withoutwhoseforafter[即時演練3]——單句語法填空(1)______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2)Hesawthegirl,______delightedhim.(3)_______ismentionedabove，thenumberofstudentsinhighschoolsisincreasing.(4)Taiwanis,______youknow，aninseparablepartofChina.AsAswhichas【鞏固練習(xí)】語境即時活用，用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空Nat,___1.___wastenyearsold,livedinasmalltowninEngland.HealwaysstayedinEnglandforhisholidays,butonedayhedecidedtogotoSpain,____2.___allhisfriendslikedtogofortheirholidays.FirsthewenttoMadrid,____3.____istheSpanishcapital,andstayedinasmallhotel.Onthefirstmorning,hewentoutforawalk.InEngland,peopledriveontheleft.ButinSpain,theydriveontheright,___4____heforgot.Whilehewaswalkingalongabusystreet,abike____5.____

camebeforehim,knockedhimdown.Natwassenttothehospital,in___6____thegirl___7.____

rodethebikesaidsorrytohim.Aftertwodays,NatleftSpainandreturnedtoEngland.Hetoldhisfriendsthathewouldn’tforgetthedays__8.____hestayedinSpain.who

where

whichwhichwhich/that

which

who/thatwhen1.StPetersburg,_____isaverybeautifulcity,wasoncecalledLeningrad.2.YesterdayImetLiPing,________seemedtobeverybusy.3.HecametotheUnitedStatesin1914,_______WorldWarⅠbrokeout.4.Singapore,________Ihavelivedfortenyears,isaniceplace.5.TheQueenwillvisitthetowninMay,_________shewillopenthenewhospital.6.Beijing,________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.7.ThisisNewYork,__________Ihavevisitedforseveraltimes.8.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,________greatlyupsetsme.9.Hewaslateagain,_______madetheteacherveryunhappy.10.Thefamousbasketballstar,____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.whichwhowhenwherewhenwhichwhichwhichwhichwho11.Theyarealwayssmoking,_______,ofcourse,willdoharmtotheirhealth.12.Iboughtacaryesterday,________costmealot.13.Xi'an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.14.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon'tbesobusy.15.Theschool,______Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.16.Theshedinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.17.ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.18.Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.19.TaiwanbelongstoChina,________isknown.whichwhichwhichwhenwherewhichwhichwhichas1.Thingswillturnoutcontrarytoone'swishes,__________isoftenthecase.2.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,

eachof

usesitdifferently.3.Thecar,for___________Ipaidalotofmoney,isnowoutofdate.4.Isuggestyougotoaspecialist,from___________youcangetanswerstomostofyourquestions.5.Inthischapter,oneofourproblemsistodiscovertheprincipleson______thesetestsarebased.6.

isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.aswhichwhomwhichAswhich2Readthepassageandrewritethetipsusingnon-defining