Unit4.知識點(diǎn)語法作文背默（背誦版）

Unit4.知識點(diǎn)，語法，作文背默語法精講祈使句1.定義。用來表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句通常省略主語you。例如:Bequiet,please.請安靜。Pleasehaveaseat.請坐。2.句式結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)Do型:動詞原形+賓語+其他。例如:Gothisway,please.請這邊走。(2)Be型:Be+表語+其他。例如:Beagoodkid!做個(gè)好孩子!(3)Let型:Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他。例如:Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你。注意:祈使句的否定形式一般是在動詞原形前加don’t構(gòu)成,有時(shí)也可直接用no開頭表示禁止。例如:Don’tbelateforschool!上學(xué)不要遲到!Nosmoking!禁止吸煙!haveto與must的用法haveto和must均可表示“必須”。must更加強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者的主觀意愿;而haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的必要性,意為“不得不”。兩者的否定式含義大不相同。mustn’t表示“不準(zhǔn);禁止”,而don’thaveto表示“不必”。例如:Imustgonow,orI’llbelate.我現(xiàn)在必須走了,不然我就會遲到了。Shehastohelphermotherlookafterhersister.她不得不幫著她媽媽照顧妹妹。Youmustn’tswimintheriver.你不準(zhǔn)在河里游泳。Youdon’thavetodoitnow.你現(xiàn)在不必做這件事。注意:以must開頭的一般疑問句,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。例如:—MustIfinishtheworknow?我現(xiàn)在必須完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎?—Yes,youmust./No,youdon’thaveto.是的,你必須完成。/不,你不必現(xiàn)在完成。語法精練一.根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Do(do)theworkrightnow,Jim.

2.Pleasetell(tell)methenews.

3.Let’splay(play)soccernow.

4.Youe(come)toschoolontime.

5.Notalking(talk)here!

Ⅱ.根據(jù)句意用must或haveto的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Youmustdoityourself.

2.—MustIreadthebookinthereadingroom?

—No,youdon’thaveto.

3.It’slate.Jimhastogohome.

4.—MustLilykeepquiet?

—Yes,shemust.

5.Youdon’thavetogetupearlyonweekends.

二.按要求完成句子,每空一詞1.Youcan’tlistentomusicwhenyourmotherissleeping.(改為祈使句)Don’tlistentomusicwhenyourmotherissleeping.

2.Hehastobeinbedbyteno’clock.(改為一般疑問句)Doeshehavetobeinbedbyteno’clock?

3.Youmustcomehereearlythisafternoon.(改為祈使句)Comehereearlythisafternoon.

4.Letherhelpyou.(改為否定句)Don’tletherhelpyou.

5.Shehastorideherbiketogohome.(改為否定句)Shedoesn’thavetorideherbiketogohome.

知識點(diǎn)精講SectionA1.SCHOOLRULES校規(guī)rule用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“規(guī)則;規(guī)章”常用短語有:followtherules遵守規(guī)則breakarule違反規(guī)則makearule制訂規(guī)則familyrules家規(guī)trafficrules交通規(guī)則therule(s)of…的規(guī)則Everyoneshouldfollowclassrules.=Everyoneshouldfollowtherulesoftheclassruler用作名詞，意為“直尺”。Whoseruleristhis?Don＇tarrivelateforclass.(1)析使句的否定形式該句是祈使句的否定形式其結(jié)構(gòu)為＂Don’t+動詞原形+其他”。Don’tlethimsithere.不要讓他坐在這里。(2)arrivelateforarrivelatefor與belatefor同義都表示“遲到”arrivelatefor側(cè)重動作，belatefor側(cè)重狀態(tài)。(3)arrive不及物動詞，意為“到達(dá)”，后常接介詞in或at，in后接大地方，at后接小地方arrive后若是here，there，home等地點(diǎn)副詞，則不需要用介詞。Iarrivehomeat4:00intheafternoon①getto也表示“到達(dá)”，后接地點(diǎn)名詞，若接here，there，hone等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，則省略to。Wegettoschoolat8:00everymorningreach及物動詞、意為”到達(dá)”，后常接地點(diǎn)名詞。Tomalwaysreacheshisofficeontime.arrive，getto與reach有時(shí)可進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。Theymustreach/getto/arriveatthevillageat8:00today.3Youmustbeontime.辨折:ontime與intimeontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)；按時(shí)指按規(guī)定的時(shí)間或指定的時(shí)間做某事intime及時(shí)指不遲到或在規(guī)定時(shí)間之前或接近所定的時(shí)間做某事Theambulancearrivesintime.4Don’tlistentomusicinclass(1)listen用作不及物動詞，意為“聽”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動作，后接賓語時(shí)，需加介詞to。Ilikelisteningtomusicafterschool(2)inclass意為“在課上;上課時(shí)”class意為“課;課堂”afterclass意為“在課下;下課后”Doyoulistentoyourteachercarefullyinclass?intheclass意為“在班上;在班級里”class是“班級的意思intheclassroom則是“在教室里;在教室中”的意思。Therearefortystudentsintheclass.Don’tplaybasketballintheclassroom.5Don’tfight不要打架fight此處用作動詞，意為“打架;戰(zhàn)斗＂常用短語:fightwithsb與某人打架/戰(zhàn)斗＂fightfor＂為…而打架/戰(zhàn)斗”。Stopfighting，youtwo!Mymothertellsmenottofightwithothers.Theyfightforpeace.fight還可用作名詞，意為“打架;戰(zhàn)斗”常用短語為haveafight(with)，意為“(和…)打架”。Theyhadafightlastnight6SorryMs.Clark.(1)sorry形容詞，意為“對不起，抱歉的”，用于犯錯誤后或不能滿足對方要求等時(shí)表示意。不可在名詞前作定語。Sorry，I’mlate.sorry用作形容詞時(shí)，還表示“難過的;惋惜的”。I’msorrytohearthat.(2)辨析:Mrs.，Ms.，Miss.與Mr.7listentomusicoutsideoutside此處用作副詞，意為“在外面”，反義詞inside意為“在室內(nèi);在……里面”Don’tstayinsideallthetime，Let’sgooutside.outside還有以下用法①用作形容詞意為”外面的”O(jiān)utsideworkersneedwarmclothesinwinter.②用作介詞意為在外面;向……外面Thereisanewcaroutsidethehouse.③用作名詞，意為“外部;外表”。Theoutsideofthehouseisred.8wearahatwear此處用作及物動詞，意為“穿;戴”，表示穿著的狀態(tài)，其賓語可以是衣帽，也可以是飾物、獎?wù)碌?。HewearsablackT-shirtShelikeswearingaredhat.Hewearsanewwatch.9Thisisveryimportant.important形容詞，意為“重要的”常用句型為It'simportantforsb.todosthItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.importance名詞，意為“重要性”。Wemustknowtheimportanceofstudy.10Canwebringmusicplayerstoschool?bring及物動詞，意為“帶來;取來”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)bringsth.sb.to.意為“把某物/某人帶到……Whydon’tyoubringyourcameratotheparty?辨析bring,take,getbring帶來；取來指從別處帶到說話者所在的地方來take帶走；拿走指從說話者所在的地方帶到遠(yuǎn)處去。常與介詞to連用。方向上與bring正好相反get去取指從說話者處去別處取到某物后再返回到說話者處，即一個(gè)來回Pleasebringyourbookhere.Mycoatisinthenextroom.Canyougetitforme?11Oh,andwealsohavetobequietinthelibrary.辨析haveto/must兩者都意為“必須”后接動詞原形，但用法不同haveto必須；不得不表示客觀上需要，有人稱，數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)的變化don't/doesn'thaveto表示“不必”must必須；一定表示說話人主觀上看法mustn’t表示“禁止”Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutit.12quiet形容詞“安靜的”通常在句中作定語或表語。quiet的反義noisy，意為“吵鬧的”；其副詞形式是quietly，意為“安靜地”Don’tbenoisy.Youmustbequiet.Iopenthedoorquietly.bequiet=keepquiet保持安靜SectionB1goout意為“外出”，此處表示“參加社交活動”；外出交際（或娛樂）MarygoesoutalotonSundays.星期目瑪麗應(yīng)酬非常多。goout的其他用法:①出去WhendoesPeterusuallygooutforatrip?②出國;移居(國外)HewillgoouttoAustraliaintwoyears.③過時(shí);不再流行Longskirtswentoutlastyear.(2)out此處用作副詞，意為“外出”，其反義詞為in。out還可表示“不在家”。Heoftengoesoutatweekends.。Myparentsarebothoutatthemoment。2practicetheguitar練習(xí)彈吉他practice此處用作及物動詞，意為“練習(xí);訓(xùn)練”，其后可跟名詞、代詞或用作動詞，意為動詞-ing形式作賓語。practicedoingsth“練習(xí)做某事”IoftenpracticemyEnglishinthemorning.Whydon’tyoujoinanEnglishclubtopracticespeakingEnglish?practice還可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“練習(xí);實(shí)踐”。Playingthepianoneedsalotofpractice.Practicemakesperfect.3dothedishes清洗餐具dish此處用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“碟;盤”。dothedishes相當(dāng)于washthedishes，意為“清洗餐具”。Youmustdothedishesbeforeyougoout.dish還可用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“菜肴；一道菜”。Helikescolddishes4helphismommakebreakfast(1)helpsb.(to)dosth.意為“幫助某人做某事”Heoftenhelpkidstoread.Listeningtomusiccanhelpmerelax[拓展]①helpsb.withsth.意為“幫某人做某事”，with后跟名詞。Ioftenhelphimwithhislessons我經(jīng)常幫他做功課。②helponeselfto.意為“請隨便用Pleasehelpyourselftothedishes.請隨便吃。③help還可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“幫助”。Thanksforyourhelp.謝謝你的幫助。(2)makebreakfast意為“做早飯”，make意為“做，制作”。ImakebreakfastformyparentseverymorningLet’smakeamodelplane。[拓展]make在不同的短語里有不同的含義makethe/one’sbed整理床makedumplings包餃子makeanoise制造噪音makefriends交朋友makerules制訂規(guī)則5beforedinnerbefore此處用作介詞，意為“在……以前”，表示時(shí)間，反義詞是afterHeusuallydoeshishomeworkbeforedinner,andwatchesTVafterdinner.①before用作介詞，還可表示“在…的前面”，指位置關(guān)系，其反義是behindHesitsbeforeme，andIsitbehindhim.②before用作連詞，意為“在……以前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Annamustdothedishesbeforeshegoestoschool.③before用作副詞，意為“以前”.Inevermethimbefore.我以前從來沒見過他.6Therearetoomanyrules辨析:toomany，toomuch與muchtootoomany太多后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式toomuch太多后接不可數(shù)名詞，還可修動詞作狀語muchtoo大much來加強(qiáng)語氣，too后面常接形容詞或副詞TherearetoomanyflowersinthegardenIhavetoomuchhomeworkthiseveningHetalkstoomuch.Hishomeismuchtoofarawayfromschool.7Don’tleavethedirtydishesinthekitchen.(1)比處用作及物動詞，意為“留下,剩下＂leave+sth.+地點(diǎn)狀語”表示把…留在某地”/”把某物忘在了某處Ihaveonlyafewdollarsleft.Don’tleaveyoungchildrenathome.Isometimesleavethekeysathome.(2)dry此處用作形容詞，意為“臟的”，其反義詞為cleanYourshoesareverydirty.Don’tleavethedirtyclothesonthebed.(3)kitchen用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“房”。inthekitchen意為“在廚房里”。Lilyoftenhelpshermotherdosomecookinginthekitchen.8Atschool，wehavemorerules-don’tbenoisydon’teatinclass(1)more此處用作形容詞，意為“更多的”，句中是many的比較級，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。more也是much的比較級，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Shehasmorebooksthan.Heboughtmoremilk.more還可用作代詞，意為“更多”。Weshouldspendmoreonhealth.(2)noisy形容詞，意為“吵鬧的”，其反義詞為quiet“安靜的”。Don’tbenoisy!Somestudentsarestudyingnow.noise名詞，意為“聲;音＂noisy副詞，意為“吵鬧地”。Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Dadissleepinginthenextroom.Mylittlesisteriscryingnoisily.9AfterdinnerIcan’trelaxeither.relax此處用作不及物動詞，意為“放松;休息”，與rest或havearest同義，其第三人稱單數(shù)形式為relaxes。Heusuallyrelaxesforadayonweekends[拓展]①relax還可用作及物動詞，意為“使放松”Thissongrelaxesme.relax的形容詞形式有兩種:relaxing和relaxedThisfilmisveryrelaxingHeisrelaxedafterlisteningtomusic10ImustreadabookbeforeIcanwatchTV.read此處用作及物動詞，意為“讀;閱讀”Iusuallyreadstorybooksafterdinnerread還可用作不及物動詞，意為“閱讀;明讀;讀書”。Listen!Heisreading.聽!他正在讀書辨析:read，look，see與watchread讀強(qiáng)調(diào)看書、報(bào)、雜志等look看強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否“看見”了，后接賓語時(shí)，與at連用see看見強(qiáng)調(diào)”看”的結(jié)果，表示“看見;看到”watch觀看“看;觀看”正在運(yùn)動或者變化的事物，有時(shí)含有“欣賞”之意Ilikereadingnewspapers.Lookattheblackboard，please.Icanseemanybirdsinthetree.DoyouwatchTVatnight?11Iknowhowyoufeel.(1)含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句本句為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，howyoufeel作know的賓語如果一個(gè)完整的句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語，那么這個(gè)句子就叫賓語從句。注意賓語從句必須用陳述語序。CanyoutellmehowIcangettothebookshop?Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis(2)feel作連系動詞，意為“覺得”，其后跟形容詞作表語，主語常為人。feel用作連系動詞時(shí)還表示“摸起來”，后常跟形容詞作表語，主語常為物。Ifeelhappytoday.我今天覺得很快樂。Thestonefeelshard.拓展feel還可用作實(shí)義動詞，意為“感受到;感覺”。Icanfeelthewarmsunonmyback.我能感覺到背上溫的陽光12Parentsandschoolsaresometimesstrictbutremember.theymakerulestohelpus(1)strict形容詞，意為“嚴(yán)格的;嚴(yán)歷的”，在句中作表語或定語。常用短語:bestrictwithsb.“對某人要求嚴(yán)格＂;bestrictaboutsth“對某事要求嚴(yán)格”Sheisastrictteacher.Myparentsarestrictwithme.Ourmathteacherisalwaysstrictabouthiswork.(2)remember此處用作及物動同，意為記住;記起”，其反文詞是forget，意為忘記remember后可接名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式作賓語，本句中remember后面的句子作其賓語。Ican’trememberhistelephonenumber辨析:remembertodo:與rememberdoingsthRemembertotelephonemewhenyouarrivethereIrememberseeingherinthecity.13Wehavetofollowthem.follow此處用作及物動詞，意為“遵循;守followtherules意為“遵守規(guī)則”。Weshouldfollowthetrafficrules.follow作動詞，還可表示“眼隨”。FollowmeandI＇llshowyouaroundourschool.我來，我將帶領(lǐng)你們參觀我們的學(xué)校。14goodluckluck此處用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“幸運(yùn);運(yùn)氣”。表示“祝某人好運(yùn)”用goodlucktosb;表示“祝某事順利”用goodluckwithsthGoodlucktoyou!①與luck相關(guān)的常見短語:goodluck好運(yùn)badluck不好的運(yùn)氣havenoluck沒有運(yùn)氣havegoodluck有好運(yùn)②lucky形容詞，意為“幸運(yùn)的;運(yùn)氣好的”。It’sluckythatnoonewashurt.Goodluck!意為“祝你好運(yùn)!＂Goodidea!意為“好主意!”15Ihaveto/mustkeepmyhairshort.(1)keep此處用作及物動詞，意為“保持”，用于keep+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使…保持某種狀態(tài)”，充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的可以是形容詞、詞、動詞ing形式或介詞短語等。Wemustkeeptheclassroomcleankeep用作及物動詞，意為“保存”，后可接時(shí)間段。Youcankeepthebookfortwoweeks.②keep用作及物動詞，意為“遵守”，與follow同義。Everyonemustkeeptherules.③keep還可用作連系動詞，后接形容詞等作表語。Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy(2)hair此處用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為”頭發(fā)毛發(fā)”。Thegirlhaslongblackhairhair還可用作可數(shù)名詞，表示一根毛發(fā)”。Theboyhasthreehairs.blackhair黑發(fā)(不可數(shù))threehairs三根頭發(fā)(可數(shù))16becauseIhaveto/mustlearntoplaythepiano.…learn此處用作及物動詞，意為“學(xué)習(xí);學(xué)會”learntodosth.意為“學(xué)會/學(xué)習(xí)做某事”MyyoungerbrotherislearningEnglishWemustlearntoswimlearn的常見短語:learnfrom向……學(xué)習(xí)learnbyoneself自學(xué)learnabout學(xué)習(xí)，了解learnhowtodosth.學(xué)習(xí)如何做某事①Ineverhavefun.havefun意為“玩得開心;過得愉快”，與haveagoodtime，enjoyoneself同義。havefundoingsth.意為“做某事很開心”。I'msureyouwillhavefun/haveagoodtime/enjoyyourselfatthepartyWehavefunlearningEnglish.單元話題寫作寫作要求本單元的話題是“規(guī)則”。通過對校規(guī)、家規(guī)等規(guī)則的描述,讓學(xué)生了解日常生活和學(xué)習(xí)中能做什么、不能做什么。在具體的寫作中,學(xué)生應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn):1.能正確運(yùn)用祈使句;2.能用can,can’t,haveto,must等情態(tài)動詞描述規(guī)則或規(guī)章制度;3.能用terrible,important,helpful,strict等形容詞表達(dá)自己對規(guī)則或規(guī)章制度的看法或感受。詞匯積累rule規(guī)則bring帶來;取來practice練習(xí)more更多(的)feel感受;覺得fight打架permission允許quiet安靜的(be)ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)listento...聽……h(huán)aveto/must必須;不得不goout外出(娛樂)followtherules遵守規(guī)則bestrictwithsb.對某人要求嚴(yán)格toomany/much太多arrive/belatefor...……遲到dothedishes清洗餐具makeone’sbed鋪床makedinner做晚飯theschooluniform校服句型積累1.Therearetoomanyrules.有太多的規(guī)則。2.Wemustbeontime.我們必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)。3.Don’tfight.不要打架。4.Wecan’teatinclass.我們不能在課堂上吃東西。5.Ihavetodothedishesafterdinner.晚飯后我必須洗碗。6.Wehavetofollowtherules.我們必須遵守規(guī)則。7.Ineverha