2024-2025學年廣東省莞佛高三大聯(lián)考（一模）英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省莞佛2024-2025學年高三大聯(lián)考（一模）英語試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AHowmuchwillitcosttoliveinOxford,ifyoustudyinthisworld-renowneduniversity?Thelowerandupperrangeoflikelylivingcostsfor2024-25isprovidedbelow.Thesecostsarebasedonasingle,full-timestudentwithnodependents,livinginOxford.Weprovidethecostspermonthandyoucanmultiplyupbythenumberofmonthsyouexpecttolivehere,sothatyouarefullyawareofandconsiderverycarefullythelikelylivingcostsassociatedwithyourchosencoursesofstudyatOxford.LikelylivingcostsFor1monthFor9monthsLowerrangeUpperrangeLowerrangeUpperrangeFood￡300￡470￡2,700￡4,230Accommodation￡700￡860￡5,040￡6,192Personalitems￡180￡305￡1,620￡2,745Socialactivities￡40￡90￡360￡810Studycosts￡35￡80￡315￡720Other￡20￡35￡180￡315Total￡1,275￡1,840￡10,215￡15,012Inordertoprovidetheselikelylivingcosts,theUniversityandtheOxfordStudentUnionhaveconductedarelevantsurveyamongexistingstudentsabouttheexpendituredata.Food:Threeordinarymealsoncampuseachday,diningoutnotcounted.Accommodation:Thefiguresaboveshowa20%discount,whichiscommonlyacceptedinOxford,ifthesameapartmentisrentedbythesamestudentfor9monthsandmoreinarow.Theyalsoincluderelatedbills(forexample,utilitiessuchaselectricityandheating).Studycosts:Thesearelikelycostsdirectlyrelatedtoyourstudies,suchastextbooks,stationery,printingandphotocopying,course-relatedequipmentandmaterials.Other:Thesearesmall,mixedcostswhichdonotfallundertheothercategoriesabove.Youmayneedtomakeadditionalbudgetforcostssuchastraveltoandfromfieldworkoutofthecity,orforinternationalstudentsthevisaandhealthcarecosts(seestudentvisawebpages),Thesecostsarenotincludedinthefiguresabove.1.Howdothedatacomeout?A.They’reestimatedbytheauthority.B.They’reprovidedbythegraduates.C.They’rebasedonthecostsoflastterm.D.They’recollectedfromcurrentstudents.2.HowmuchdoesanOxfordstudentspendatleastonaccommodationforayear?A.￡6,192 B.￡7,140 C.￡6,720 D.￡8,4003.Whatisthepurposeofthesurveymentioned?A.TodeterminetheaveragelivingexpensesinOxford.B.Tocollectexpendituredatafromexistingstudents.C.Toestablishthelikelylivingcostsfortheyear.D.Tocomparethelivingcostsinotheruniversities【答案】1.D2.C3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了在牛津大學學習的生活成本，包括食物、住宿、個人物品、社交活動、學習成本和其他費用，并提供了一些可能的額外費用?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格下文第一段“Inordertoprovidetheselikelylivingcosts,theUniversityandtheOxfordStudentUnionhaveconductedarelevantsurveyamongexistingstudentsabouttheexpendituredata.(為了提供這些可能的生活成本，牛津大學和牛津大學學生會在現(xiàn)有學生中進行了一項有關支出數(shù)據(jù)的相關調查。)”可知，這些數(shù)據(jù)是從當前在校生那里收集的。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章表格中的“Accommodation”一行以及“For1month”中的“Lowerrange”一列所呈現(xiàn)的費用數(shù)字可知，一個月中最少得住宿費用是￡700；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段“Accommodation:Thefiguresaboveshowa20%discount,whichiscommonlyacceptedinOxford,ifthesameapartmentisrentedbythesamestudentfor9monthsandmoreinarow.Theyalsoincluderelatedbills(forexample,utilitiessuchaselectricityandheating).).(住宿：上面的數(shù)字顯示了20%的折扣，這在牛津是普遍接受的，如果同一套公寓被同一個學生連續(xù)租用9個月或更長時間。它們還包括相關的賬單，例如，電費和暖氣等公用事業(yè)費用)?！笨芍?，如果同一學生連續(xù)9個月或更長時間租用同一公寓可以獲得20%的折扣；由此可知，牛津大學學生一年的住宿費至少要花6,720英鎊(￡700*12-￡700*12*20%=￡6720)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“HowmuchwillitcosttoliveinOxford,ifyoustudyinthisworld-renowneduniversity?Thelowerandupperrangeoflikelylivingcostsfor2024-25isprovidedbelow.Thesecostsarebasedonasingle,full-timestudentwithnodependents,livinginOxford.Weprovidethecostspermonthandyoucanmultiplyupbythenumberofmonthsyouexpecttolivehere,sothatyouarefullyawareofandconsiderverycarefullythelikelylivingcostsassociatedwithyourchosencoursesofstudyatOxford.(如果你在牛津這所世界著名的大學學習，住在這里要花多少錢？下面列出了2024-2025年可能生活費用的上下限。這些費用是根據(jù)住在牛津的單身全日制學生計算的，沒有家屬。我們提供每月的費用，你可以乘以你預計在這里生活的月數(shù)，這樣你就能充分了解并仔細考慮你在牛津大學選擇的課程可能帶來的生活費用。)”可知，調查的目的是確定這一年可能的生活費用。故選C。BThereisanembroidered(刺繡的)sayingthathashungonthewallinmyparents’house,declaring“Ihopemychildrenlookbackontodayandseeaparentwhohadtimetoplay.Therewillbeyearsforcleaningandcooking,butchildrengrowupwhenwe’renotlooking.”Thesayingmademeuneasyasaparent,particularlyduringtheyearIturned38withmyownthreedaughters,sinceIcouldbebothawareofthefuture—whenmychildrenwillleave-andyetunabletoappreciateeverysinglemoment.Parentsadmitthattheyarenotalwayslooking.Yetthemotherintheembroideryisfullypresentwithherchildren.Shehasleftthehouseworkathomeandcomeoutheretobewithherthreechildren,whoarethrowingredandgoldleavesather,likethephotomyfathertookforusonaweekendouting.Allofusarelaughingheartily.Mymothersaidshesewedtheembroiderybecausesheembracedthephilosophyandspenttimeplayingwithherchildren.YetIremembermymotherdrivingmetothemall,themovies,thefriends’housesbutIstruggletorememberherplayingwithme.Ioncetookmyyoungchildrentothelibrarystorytimes,tothechildren’smuseumandIdutifullyfollowedthemaround.However,theyrecallnoneofit.AllthoseyearsIinvestedinmakingmychildrenfeellovedandnoneofthememorieshavestayedwiththem.Thenthereareyearsforcleaningandcooking,andIdonotalwayshavetimetoplay.Cleaningandcookingispartofbeingaparent,partofcaretaking,partofhowIshowlove.Iremembermymothercleaningandcooking.WhenIthinkofallthemealsshemadeforusandourclothesshewashed,Iknowthat’samother’slovelanguage.Isupposethatiswhytheembroideryexists.Theembroideredsayingisamother’sloveforherchildren,whichisalwayslooking.4.Whydidthesayingonthewalldisturbtheauthor?A.Herchildrenwerereadytoleaveher.B.Shewasremindedofherchildhood.C.Hermotherwasn’tsatisfiedwithher.D.Shewasn’talwayswithherchildren.5.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Hermother’sfalsememory. B.Thetimewastedonthechildren.C.Herregretsaboutherlife. D.Amother’sunremembereddevotion.6.Howdoestheauthorviewcleaningandcookingasamother?A.Awaytoexpressherloveandcareforherfamily.B.Necessarytasksthatshewishesshecouldavoid.C.Burdensthattakeawayfromtimewithherchildren.D.Asourceofhappymemoriesfromherchildhood.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthistext?A.SheIsAlwaysLooking B.AnInspiringSayingC.WeArePlayingTogether D.AnUnforgettableOuting【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.A【語篇解讀】文章是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述了作者從自己的母親身上和自己作為一名母親的角度感受到了母親的愛的語言?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thereisanembroidered(刺繡的)sayingthathashungonthewallinmyparents’house,declaring“Ihopemychildrenlookbackontodayandseeaparentwhohadtimetoplay”.(在我父母家的墻上掛著一句刺繡的諺語，“我希望我的孩子回顧今天，看到一個有時間玩耍的父母。”)”以及文章第二段“Thesayingmademeuneasyasaparent,particularlyduringtheyearIturned38withmyownthreedaughters,sinceIcouldbebothawareofthefuture—whenmychildrenwillleave-andyetunabletoappreciateeverysinglemoment.(這句話讓身為父母的我感到不安，尤其是在我滿38歲、有三個女兒的那一年，因為我既能意識到未來——我的孩子們什么時候會離開——又不能珍惜每一刻)”可知，因為作者能意識到自己的孩子們會離開卻又不能珍惜每一刻，即作者并不總是和孩子們在一起。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“YetIremembermymotherdrivingmetothemall,themovies,thefriends’housesbutIstruggletorememberherplayingwithme.Ioncetookmyyoungchildrentothelibrarystorytimes,tothechildren’smuseumandIdutifullyfollowedthemaround.However,theyrecallnoneofit.AllthoseyearsIinvestedinmakingmychildrenfeellovedandnoneofthememorieshavestayedwiththem.(我記得媽媽開車帶我去購物中心、看電影、朋友家，但我很難記得她和我一起玩。我曾經(jīng)帶著年幼的孩子去圖書館看故事，去兒童博物館，我盡職盡責地跟著他們。然而，他們什么也記不起來。這么多年來，我一直在努力讓我的孩子感受到被愛，但這些記憶沒有一個留在他們身邊)”可知，母親的奉獻都被孩子們遺忘了。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Cleaningandcookingispartofbeingaparent,partofcaretaking,partofhowIshowlove.Iremembermymothercleaningandcooking.WhenIthinkofallthemealsshemadeforusandourclothesshewashed,Iknowthat’samother’slovelanguage.(打掃衛(wèi)生和做飯是為人父母的一部分，是照顧孩子的一部分，是我表達愛的一部分。我記得我媽媽打掃和做飯。當我想到她為我們做飯，為我們洗衣服時，我知道這是母親愛的語言)”可知，作者認為清潔和做飯是母親表達對家庭的愛和關心的一種方式。故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thereisanembroidered(刺繡的)sayingthathashungonthewallinmyparents’house,declaringIhopemychildrenlookbackontodayandseeaparentwhohadtimetoplay.(在我父母家的墻上掛著一句刺繡的諺語，“我希望我的孩子回顧今天，看到一個有時間玩耍的父母?！?”和文章最后一段“Isupposethatiswhytheembroideryexists.Theembroideredsayingisamother’sloveforherchildren,whichisalwayslooking.(我想這就是刺繡存在的原因。繡著的這句話是母親對孩子的愛，永遠在看)”以及全文可知，文章主要講述了作者對媽媽的愛的領悟，A項：SheIsAlwaysLooking(她一直在關注)合乎題意。故選A。CEverlookedatthedirtysmogcausedbyairpollutionandthought,“Hey,thiscouldbeart?”Soundssilly,right?ButwithAir-Ink,thesillyisbecomingareality,inaprocessthatturnsairpollutionintoink.AnirudhSharma,thenagraduatestudentofMIT,noticedawallblackenedbycarexhaustduringhisstudiesonatriptoIndiain2012.Hesawpotentialinthepollution.SohebeganworkingontheideawithhiscolleaguesandsetupGravikyLabs.“Ourgoalistocollectandtransformthetinyparticulatematter,knownasPM2.5whichresultsfromburningfuels,intohighgradeinksthateveryonecanuseandexpressthemselveswiththroughartorwriting.”ThetrialanderrorofattachingequipmenttocarsforcollectingPM2.5ledtotheinventionofKAALINK,asmalldevicethatcanbefixedtoexhaustpipes(排氣管).Thisdevicecancollect95percentofPM2.5intheexhaustwithoutanynegativeeffectonengineperformance.Thentheparticulatematterispurified,groundtoastandardsize,andliquefied(液化)inaGravikyLabsprocess.Theresultisaheavilycolored,free-flowing“Air-Ink,”whichcanbeloadedintoourdailyusedpensandprinters.TheAir-Inkideahasbeenattractingincreasingpublicattention.AnumberofIndiancompanieshavecontactedGravikyLabstodealwithPM2.5thatotherwisecouldendupinariverorreachourlungs.Singapore-basedTigerBeerpartneredwithGravikyLabsforanartcampaign,makingAir-InkavailabletoartistsinmorecitiessuchasHongKong,BerlinandLondon.Since2016,GravikyLabshascleaned1.6trillionlitersofairandproducedmorethan1,200litersofAir-Ink.Withmoredoubtstobeatandsupporttowin,andmoreAir-Inkavailableinmarket,Sharmaandhiscolleaguewouldbeabletobreathealittleeasier.Andsowouldwe.8.WhatdidAnirudhSharmaintendtodo?A.Toentertheartfield. B.Tobeagreatinventor.C.Toapplypollutedair. D.Tostopburningfuels.9.WhatisthefunctionofKAALINK?A.ItliquefiesPM2.5intheair. B.Itprovidescarswithpower.C.ItarrestsPM2.5inexhaust. D.Itprotectsthecarengine.10.WhydoestheauthormentionTigerBeerinparagraph4?A.Topresentanexample. B.Tobeatadoubt.C.Tostresstheopinion. D.Toeasethetone.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.SmarterCarbonFootprints,EasierBreathCareB.MoreAir-InkonPages,LessPollutionintheAirC.BraverTrialsinInk,StrongerExpressionsinArtD.MoreHigh-techSupport,FewerPrintingBarriers【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了AnirudhSharma利用污染空氣發(fā)明了一種空氣墨水，可以將空氣污染轉化為墨水。文章介紹了開發(fā)的經(jīng)過以及公眾對此的反應?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ButwithAir-Ink,thesillyisbecomingareality,inaprocessthatturnsairpollutionintoink.(但有了“空氣墨水”，這一愚蠢的想法正在成為現(xiàn)實，它將空氣污染轉化為墨水)”以及第二段““Ourgoalistocollectandtransformthetinyparticulatematter,knownasPM2.5whichresultsfromburningfuels,intohighgradeinksthateveryonecanuseandexpressthemselveswiththroughartorwriting.(我們的目標是收集和轉化燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的微小顆粒物PM2.5，將其轉化為高級墨水，每個人都可以使用，并通過藝術或寫作來表達自己)”可知，AnirudhSharma打算使用污染空氣。故選C。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThetrialanderrorofattachingequipmenttocarsforcollectingPM2.5ledtotheinventionofKAALINK,asmalldevicethatcanbefixedtoexhaustpipes(排氣管).Thisdevicecancollect95percentofPM2.5intheexhaustwithoutanynegativeeffectonengineperformance.(將收集PM2.5的設備安裝在汽車上的試驗和錯誤導致了KAALINK的發(fā)明，這是一種可以固定在排氣管上的小型設備。該裝置可以收集排氣中95%的PM2.5，而不會對發(fā)動機性能產(chǎn)生任何負面影響)”可知，KAALINK的功能是收集尾氣中的PM2.5。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“TheAir-Inkideahasbeenattractingincreasingpublicattention.AnumberofIndiancompanieshavecontactedGravikyLabstodealwithPM2.5thatotherwisecouldendupinariverorreachourlungs.Singapore-basedTigerBeerpartneredwithGravikyLabsforanartcampaign,makingAir-InkavailabletoartistsinmorecitiessuchasHongKong,BerlinandLondon.(“空氣墨水”的想法吸引了越來越多的公眾關注。許多印度公司已經(jīng)聯(lián)系了重力實驗室來處理PM2.5，否則它們可能會進入河流或進入我們的肺部。總部位于新加坡的TigerBeer與gravityLabs合作開展了一項藝術活動，讓香港、柏林和倫敦等更多城市的藝術家可以使用Air-Ink)”可推知，作者在第4段提到了TigerBeer是為了舉個例子。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ButwithAir-Ink,thesillyisbecomingareality,inaprocessthatturnsairpollutionintoink.(但有了“空氣墨水”，這一愚蠢的想法正在成為現(xiàn)實，它將空氣污染轉化為墨水)”結合文章主要說明了AnirudhSharma利用污染空氣發(fā)明了一種空氣墨水，可以將空氣污染轉化為墨水。文章介紹了開發(fā)的經(jīng)過以及公眾對此的反應?？芍?，B選項“紙上的空氣墨水越多，空氣中的污染就越少”最符合文章標題。故選B。DNilecrocodilesareuniquelysensitivetothecriesofpainfulprimate(靈長類)babies,accordingtoanewstudy—andthemoreanxiousthecry,themoreinterestedtheybecome.Tomakethefind,NicolasGrimault,ascientistattheUniversityofLyon,andhiscolleaguesvisitedazooinMorocco,whichhousesmorethan300Nilecrocodiles.Theresearcherssetuploudspeakersalongsidefourpondswhere,ateach,asmanyas25crocodilessunbathedonredrocks.Thespeakersplayedaseriesofcriesexpressingvaryinglevelsofpainfromprimatebabies.Thecrieswererecordedindifferentsituationstofindoutwhichaspectsofthevoicesinterestthecrocsmost.Manyofthecrocs,maleandfemale,respondedtothecriesbysuddenlyturningtheirheads,seekingoutthesourceofthesound,rapidlyapproachingtheloudspeakerandsometimesevenbitingit.Oneindividualevenshowedprotectivebehaviorbypositioninginfrontofthespeakerasiftodefenditfromothers.Interestingly,theirresponsedependedonthecharacteristicsofthecriestheyheard:crocsweremorelikelytoreacttorecordingswithacoustic(聲音的)featurescloselyrelatedtoveryupsetbabies,suchassuddenchangesanddisharmonyinfrequency,smoothnessandtones.Whentheresearchersaskedhumanvolunteers,allofwhomhadexperiencewithhumanbabies,tolistentothesamerecordedcriesandestimatethelevelofpain,theparticipantsuseddifferentfeaturesthanthecrocsdidtoevaluatethesounds,basingtheirdecisionslargelyonthepitchofthecries—howhighorlowasoundis.Butitvariesamongindividualsandacrossspecies.Thatmakesitlessreliableandaccuratethanthealternativeacousticcluespickeduponbycrocodiles.Thefindingsofthestudyraisethepossibilitythatemotionmaybecommunicatedacrossspecieslinesinmorewaysthanscientiststhought.AsGrimaultputsit,“Ifcrocscandoit,probablymanyotheranimalscandoit,too.”12.Whyarethecriescollectedfromdifferentsituationsplayed?A.Todiscoverwhichcrocodilesaresmart. B.Toidentifywhatappealstocrocodiles.C.Todevelophowtoprotectcrocodiles. D.Torecordwhencrocodilesinteract.13.Howdomostofthecrocodilesrespondtobaby’cries?A.Guardingthespeakers. B.Sunbathingontherocks.C.Attackingothercrocodiles. D.Movingtowardsthesound.14.Whichofthefollowingbelongsto“alternativeacousticclues”inparagraph3?A.Thevolumeofsound. B.Thesourceofthecries.C.Theevennessoftone. D.Thepitchofthevoice.15.WhichstatementwouldGrimaultprobablyagreewith?A.Humansaresensitivetovoicesofotherspecies.B.Emotionsmaybesharedbeyondspeciesborders.C.Crocstendtobefriendlytobabiesofanyspecies.D.Cross-speciescommunicationisanunfadingskill.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)尼羅鱷對靈長類動物幼崽痛苦的哭聲特別敏感——哭聲越焦慮，它們就越感興趣。介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了一種可能性，即情感可能以比科學家想象的更多的方式跨物種交流?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thespeakersplayedaseriesofcriesexpressingvaryinglevelsofpainfromprimatebabies.Thecrieswererecordedindifferentsituationstofindoutwhichaspectsofthevoicesinterestthecrocsmost.(演講者播放了一系列靈長類動物嬰兒的哭聲，表達了不同程度的疼痛。研究人員記錄了不同情況下的叫聲，以找出鱷魚最感興趣的聲音的哪個方面)”可知，播放不同情況下的哭聲是為了確定什么會吸引鱷魚。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Manyofthecrocs,maleandfemale,respondedtothecriesbysuddenlyturningtheirheads,seekingoutthesourceofthesound,rapidlyapproachingtheloudspeakerandsometimesevenbitingit.(許多鱷魚，無論雄性還是雌性，都會突然轉過頭來尋找聲音的來源，迅速靠近揚聲器，有時甚至會咬它)”可知，大多數(shù)鱷魚對嬰兒的哭聲的反應是向聲音移動。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Interestingly,theirresponsedependedonthecharacteristicsofthecriestheyheard:crocsweremorelikelytoreacttorecordingswithacoustic(聲音的)featurescloselyrelatedtoveryupsetbabies,suchassuddenchangesanddisharmonyinfrequency,smoothnessandtones.(有趣的是，它們的反應取決于它們聽到的哭聲的特征：鱷魚更有可能對與非常不安的嬰兒密切相關的聲學特征的錄音做出反應，比如頻率、平滑度和音調的突然變化和不和諧)”以及第三段“Whentheresearchersaskedhumanvolunteers,allofwhomhadexperiencewithhumanbabies,tolistentothesamerecordedcriesandestimatethelevelofpain,theparticipantsuseddifferentfeaturesthanthecrocsdidtoevaluatethesounds,basingtheirdecisionslargelyonthepitchofthecries—howhighorlowasoundis.(當研究人員要求人類志愿者（他們都有過照顧人類嬰兒的經(jīng)驗）聽同樣的哭聲錄音并估計疼痛程度時，參與者使用了與鱷魚不同的特征來評估聲音，他們的決定主要基于哭聲的音高——聲音的高低)”以及“Thatmakesitlessreliableandaccuratethanthealternativeacousticcluespickeduponbycrocodiles.(這使得它的可靠性和準確性不如鱷魚捕捉到的其他聲音線索)”可推知，鱷魚捕捉到的線索屬于其他聲音線索，因此推斷語調的均勻屬于“其他聲音線索”。故選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thefindingsofthestudyraisethepossibilitythatemotionmaybecommunicatedacrossspecieslinesinmorewaysthanscientiststhought.AsGrimaultputsit,“Ifcrocscandoit,probablymanyotheranimalscandoit,too.”(這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了一種可能性，即情感可能以比科學家想象的更多的方式跨物種交流。正如格里諾所說，“如果鱷魚能做到這一點，可能許多其他動物也能做到?！?”可知，Grimault認為情感可以跨越物種邊界。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中，選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Olympicmedalsareamongthemostrespectedhonorsinthesportingworld,symbolizingnotonlyathleticvictory,butalsotherichhistory,finecraftsmanship,andlongstandingtraditionsoftheGames.____16____Aretheymadeentirelyofgold,silver,andbronze?AndwhatmakestheParis2024Olympicmedalsspecial?Originally,Olympicwinnersin776BCEwerehonoredwitholivewreaths(橄欖花環(huán))ratherthanmedals.Theconceptofmedalsasweknowthemtodayfirstemergedatthe1896AthensGames.However,solidgoldmedalswerenolongerawardedafter1912.____17____Asaresult,theInternationalOlympicCommitteelaterupdatedtheregulationsregardingmedalcompositionanddesign.Moderngoldmedalsareprimarilycomposedof92.5%silverwithasix-gramgoldplatingforappearance.____18____Theycontainatleast92.5%puresilver,andbronzemedalsconsistof95%copperand5%zinc(鋅).Thismixtureensuresthemedals’longevityandmakesthemcheaper.AnOlympicgoldmedalmaybeworthover￡500,butitsvaluetoathletesgoesbeyonditsfinancialworth.____19____Forinstance,the2012LondonOlympicsmedalsfeaturedtheRiverThamesandLondonskyline.Rio2016focusedonsustainabilitybyusingleftovermirrorsandX-rayplates.Tokyo2020medals,madefromrecycledelectronics,emphasizedtechnologicalinnovation.FortheParis2024Olympics,themedalsareparticularlydistinctive.Eachfeaturesahexagon(六邊形)withtheParis2024logoononesideandNike,theGreekgoddessofvictory,infrontoftheEiffelTowerontheother.____20____AsThierryReboul,creativedirectorofParis2024,stated,“ThesemedalsofferathletesaphysicalpieceofParistotakehome.”A.Puregoldissoftandeasilydamaged.B.Whenwerethesemedalsfirstintroduced?C.Whoisresponsiblefordesigningthemedals?D.Silvermedals,bycontrast,liveuptotheirnames.E.Withthesesymbols,theyhonorthehistoryoftheOlympics.F.Uniquetothisyear,themedalsusemetalfromtheEiffelTower.G.Thedesignofmedalsreflectsthehostcity’sdistinctstyleandvalues.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.G20.F【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了奧運會獎牌的歷史、材質以及2024屆倫敦奧運會獎牌的特點?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Aretheymadeentirelyofgold,silver,andbronze?AndwhatmakestheParis2024Olympicmedalsspecial?(它們是用金、銀和青銅制成的嗎？是什么讓2024年巴黎奧運會的獎牌與眾不同？)”可知，后文提出了與奧運獎牌相關的問題，故此空應與后文排比，同樣設問，且根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Theconceptofmedalsasweknowthemtodayfirstemergedatthe1896AthensGames.(獎牌的概念首先出現(xiàn)在1896年雅典奧運會。)”可知，文章第二段在解釋此空提出的問題，故B項“這些獎牌于什么時候首次引入的呢？”符合，故選B項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“However,solidgoldmedalswerenolongerawardedafter1912.(然而，自1912年后，不再頒發(fā)純金牌。)”和空后“Asaresult,theInternationalOlympicCommitteelaterupdatedtheregulationsregardingmedalcompositionanddesign.(結果，后來國際奧委會更新了關于金牌成分和設計的規(guī)則。)”可知，空前提到不再頒發(fā)純金牌，空后又提出了關于金牌成分和設計規(guī)則的改變，故A項“純金很軟，容易損壞?！狈希薪忧拔牟辉兕C發(fā)純金牌的原因，又引出空后修改金牌的成分和設計的規(guī)則，故選A項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Moderngoldmedalsareprimarilycomposedof92.5%silverwithasix-gramgoldplatingforappearance.(現(xiàn)代金牌主要由92.5%的銀和六克鍍金組成。)”可知，空前解釋了金牌的成分，且根據(jù)空后“Theycontainatleast92.5%puresilver(它們含有至少92.5%的純銀。)”可知，空后提出了銀的成分，故D項“相比之下，銀牌是名副其實的?！狈?，與前文構成對比，金牌由92.5%的銀和六克鍍金組成，相比之下，銀牌是名副其實的，它們含有至少92.5%的純銀，且空后的They指代D項中的Silvermedals，故選D項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Forinstance,the2012LondonOlympicsmedalsfeaturedtheRiverThamesandLondonskyline.Rio2016focusedonsustainabilitybyusingleftovermirrorsandX-rayplates.Tokyo2020medals,madefromrecycledelectronics,emphasizedtechnologicalinnovation.(例如，2012年倫敦奧運會獎牌以泰晤士河和倫敦天際線為特色。2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運會通過使用剩余的鏡子和X光片來關注可持續(xù)發(fā)展。2020年東京奧運會獎牌由回收電子產(chǎn)品制成，強調技術創(chuàng)新。)”可知，空后舉例說明了每屆奧運會獎牌的不同的設計，故G項“獎牌的設計反映了主辦城市的風格和價值觀”符合，位于本段句首，主題句，引出后文，故選G項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Eachfeaturesahexagon(六邊形)withtheParis2024logoononesideandNike,theGreekgoddessofvictory,infrontoftheEiffelTowerontheother.(每枚獎牌都是六邊形的，一邊印有巴黎2024的標志，另一邊印有希臘勝利女神耐克站在埃菲爾鐵塔前的形象。)”可知，空前提到了倫敦奧運會的獎牌，故此空F項“今年的獨特之處在于，獎牌使用的金屬來自埃菲爾鐵塔”符合，進一步介紹巴黎2024年奧運會獎牌的特點，故選F項。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IwasthrilledtocoveranewexpeditiontoQomolangmaasajournalist.However,asIgotoffthevehicleatthebasecamp,Iwasimmediately____21____bydizzinessandshortnessofbreath—____22____ofmountainsickness.Eventheactoftakingafewstepsdemandedanextraordinaryamountof____23____.Atthatmoment,aquestion____24____withinme:WhydopeoplekeepclimbingMountQomolangma?Whenaskedthisquestion,BritishmountaineerGeorgeMallorygavehisfamous____25____:“Becauseit’sthere.”Malloryremindedmeofcountlessclimberswhohaveputtheirlivesatriskto____26____themountain’stoweringheightwiththeirownfootsteps.Theyencounteranalmostvertical(垂直的)wallclosetothetop.Itissodifficulttofind____27____pointsforclimbingthattheearliestclimbersthoughtnoonecould____28____thewall.In1960,LiuLianman,aChineseclimber,lethisteammates____29____onhisshoulderstocrossthewall.Already____30____,hegatheredallhisstrengthtouplifthisteammates.Thoughhis____31____didnotappearonthelistofthosewhoreachedthetop,Liuisundoubtedlyatrue____32____.IrecalledtheinterviewwithDongHongjuan,thefirstwomantoconquer(征服)14mountainsabove8,000meters,who____33____understandshowsmallhumansarecomparedto____34____.Shetoldme:“IneverfeltIconqueredthosemountains;it’sjustthatthemountains____35____me.”21.A.drawn B.found C.taught D.struck22.A.signs B.types C.risks D.causes23.A.patience B.energy C.money D.practice24.A.ended B.arose C.response D.lay25.A.suggestion B.response C.conclusion D.guidance26.A.adjust B.cover C.confirm D.measure27.A.check B.view C.support D.rest28.A.getpast B.comeback C.takeback D.gothrough29.A.step B.fight C.cry D.work.30.A.disappointed B.terrified C.annoyed D.exhausted31.A.story B.act C.name D.failure32.A.champion B.hero C.talent D.friend33.A.hardly B.truly C.firstly D.slightly34.A.nature B.life C.time D.success35.A.protected B.discovered C.admired D.accepted【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.B25.B26.D27.C28.A29.A30.D31.C32.B33.B34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者從自己報道一次新的珠峰探險高原反應的經(jīng)歷引發(fā)了人們攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的探究?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當我在大本營下車時，我立刻感到頭暈和呼吸急促——這是高原反應的征兆。A.drawn畫，吸引；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.taught教；D.struck（使）碰撞，被……所侵襲。根據(jù)上文“IwasthrilledtocoveranewexpeditiontoQomolangmaasajournalist.(作為一名記者，我很激動能報道一次新的珠峰探險。)”以及后文“bydizzinessandshortnessofbreath(感到頭暈和呼吸急促)”可知，作者立刻被頭暈和呼吸急促侵襲——這是高原反應的征兆。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.signs跡象；符號；B.types類型；C.risks風險；D.causes起因。根據(jù)上文“dizzinessandshortnessofbreath(頭暈和呼吸急促)”可知，這是作者出現(xiàn)高原反應的跡象。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：即使只是走幾步也需要耗費大量的精力。A.patience耐心；B.energy精力，能量；C.money金錢；D.practice練習。根據(jù)“mountainsickness”可知，高原反應時走路是需要耗費精力的。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在那一刻，我心中產(chǎn)生了一個問題：為什么人們一直在攀登珠穆朗瑪峰？A.ended結束；B.arose出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)；C.response反應，響應；D.lay位于。根據(jù)本句“WhydopeoplekeepclimbingMountQomolangma?(為什么人們一直在攀登珠穆朗瑪峰)”可知，這個是作者的腦海中出現(xiàn)的問題。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當被問及這個問題時，英國登山家喬治·馬洛里給出了他著名的回答：“因為它在那里。”A.suggestion建議；B.response回應；C.conclusion總結；D.guidance引導。根據(jù)上文“WhydopeoplekeepclimbingMountQomolangma?(為什么人們一直在攀登珠穆朗瑪峰)”以及本句““Becauseit’sthere.”(因為它在那里)”可知，這是作者的問題的回應。故選B。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：馬洛里讓我想起了無數(shù)的登山者，他們冒著生命危險，用自己的腳步測量這座山的高度。A.adjust調整；B.cover覆蓋；C.confirm證實；D.measure測量。根據(jù)本句“themountain’stoweringheightwiththeirownfootsteps.”可知，無數(shù)的登山者用自己的腳步測量這座山的高度。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：要找到攀巖的支撐點是如此困難，以至于最早的登山者認為沒有人能翻過這堵墻。A.check核對；B.view視作；C.support支持；D.rest休息。根據(jù)上句“Theyencounteranalmostvertical(垂直的)wallclosetothetop.(他們在靠近頂部的地方遇到了一堵幾乎垂直的墻)”可知，他們遇到了一堵幾乎垂直的墻，要找到攀巖的支撐點是非常困難的。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意同上。A.getpast繞過障礙物，超越阻礙；B.comeback返回；C.takeback收回；D.gothrough通過。根據(jù)上句“Itissodifficulttofind_______pointsforclimbingthattheearliestclimbers”可知，因為要找到攀巖的支撐點是如此困難，所以最早的登山者認為沒有人能翻過這堵墻。故選A。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在1960年，劉連滿，一個中國登山者，讓他的隊友踩在他的肩膀上越過墻。A.step踏，踩；B.fight斗爭；C.cry哭泣；D.work工作。根據(jù)本句“onhisshoulders”可知，劉連滿讓他的隊友踩在他的肩膀上越過墻。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然已經(jīng)筋疲力盡，但他還是鼓起了所有的力量去鼓舞他的隊友。A.disappointed失望的；B.terrified非常害怕的；C.annoyed惱怒的；D.exhausted筋疲力盡的。根據(jù)本句“hegatheredallhisstrengthtouplifthisteammates.(但他還是鼓起了所有的力量去鼓舞他的隊友)”可知，他應盡所有的力量去鼓舞他的隊友，可推知，他已經(jīng)筋疲力盡。故選D。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然他的名字沒有出現(xiàn)在那些登頂?shù)娜说拿麊紊?，劉無疑是一個真正的英雄。A.story故事；B.act行為；C.name名字；D.failure失敗。根據(jù)本句“onthelistofthosewhoreachedthetop(在那些登頂?shù)娜说拿麊紊?”可知，劉的名字沒有出現(xiàn)在登頂者的名單上。故選