翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類(lèi)模擬題1

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類(lèi)模擬題1EnglishChineseTranslationSomerecenthistorianshavearguedthatlifeintheBritishco（江南博哥）loniesinAmericafromapproximately1763to1789wasmarkedbyinternalconflictsamongcolonists.Inheritingsomeoftheviewpointsofearlytwentieth-centuryprogressivehistorianssuchasBeardandBecker,theserecenthistorianshaveputforwardargumentsthatdeserveevaluation.

Thekindofconflictmostemphasizedbythesehistoriansisclassconflict.YetwiththeRevolutionaryWardominatingtheseyears,howdoesonedistinguishclassconflictwithinthatlargerconflict?Certainlynotbythesideapersonsupported.

1

AlthoughmanyofthesehistorianshaveacceptedtheearlierassumptionthatLoyalistsrepresentedanupperclass,newevidenceindicatesthatLoyalists,likerebels,weredrawnfromallsocioeconomicclasses.(Itisnonethelessprobablytruethatalargerpercentageofthewell-to-dojoinedtheLoyaliststhanjoinedtherebels.)Lookingattherebelside,wefindlittleevidenceforthecontentionthatlower-classrebelswereinconflictwithupper-classrebels.Indeed,thewareffortagainstBritaintendedtosuppressclassconflicts.

2

Whereitdidnot,thedisputingrebelsofoneoranotherclassusuallyLoyalists.Loyalismthusoperatedasasafetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongtherebels.Disputesoccurred,ofcourse,amongthosewhoremainedontherebelside,buttheextraordinarysocialmobilityofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety(withtheobviousexceptionofslaves)usuallypreventedsuchdisputesfromhardeningalongclasslines.Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid—thoughrecentstatisticssuggestanarrowingofeconomicopportunityasthelatterhalfofthecenturyprogressed—thattotalkaboutsocialclassesatallrequirestheuseoflooseeconomiccategoriessuchasrich,poor,andmiddleclass,oreighteenth-centurydesignationslike"thebettersort".

3

Despitethesevaguecategories,oneshouldnotclaimunequivocallythathostilitybetweenrecognizableclassescannotbelegitimatelyobserved.OutsideofNewYork,however,therewereveryfewinstancesofopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

Havingsaidthis,onemustaddthatthereismuchevidencetosupportthefurtherclaimofrecenthistoriansthatsectionalconflictswerecommonbetween1763and1789.The"PaxtonBoys"incidentandtheRegulatormovementarerepresentativeexamplesofthewidespread,andJustified,discontentofwesternsettlersagainstcolonialorstategovernmentsdominatedbyeasterninterest.

4

Althoughundertonesofclassconflictexistedbeneathsuchhostility,theoppositionwasprimarilygeographical.SectionalconflictwhichalsoexistedbetweenNorthandSouthdeservesfurtherinvestigation.

Insummary,historiansmustbecarefulaboutthekindofconflicttheyemphasizeineighteenth-centuryAmerica.

5

Yetthosewhostresstheachievementofageneralconsensusamongthecolonistscannotfullyunderstandthatconsensuswithoutunderstandingtheconflictsthathadtobeovercomeorrepressedinordertoreachit.1.

正確答案：雖然這些歷史學(xué)家中的很多人也接受先前的這種假設(shè)，即親英分子代表上層階級(jí)，但新的證據(jù)表明，親英分子同反叛分子一樣，都來(lái)自于所有的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)階層。

2.

正確答案：在沒(méi)有抑制階級(jí)沖突的地方，一個(gè)階級(jí)或另一個(gè)階級(jí)中爭(zhēng)吵的反叛者通常變成親英分子。

3.

正確答案：盡管存在著這些模糊的分類(lèi)，人們也不應(yīng)該明確地宣稱(chēng)：在可識(shí)別的階級(jí)之間的敵意不能在法律上觀察到。

4.

正確答案：雖然階級(jí)沖突的含意存在于這種仇恨之中，但反抗主要是區(qū)域性的。

5.

正確答案：然而強(qiáng)調(diào)在殖民者中取得了一致性的那些人，只有當(dāng)他們理解了為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這種一致性就必須克服或者壓制那些沖突的時(shí)候，才能完全理解這種一致性。

We'vecometoaturningpoint,amomentforharddecision.IhaveaskedthatCabinetandmystaffaquestionandnowIputthesamequestiontoallofyou.Ifnotus,who?Andifnotnow,when?

6

Itmustbedonebyallofusgoingforwardwithaprogramaimedatreachingabalancedbudget.Wecanthenbeginreducingthenationaldebt.

IwillshortlysubmitabudgettotheCongressaimedatfreezinggovernmentprogramspendingforthenextyear.

7

Beyondthis,wemusttakefurtherstepstopermanendycontrolgovernment'spowertotaxandspend.

Wemustactnowtoprotectfurthergenerationformgovernment'sdesiretospentitscitizensmoneyandtaxthemintoservitudewhenthebillscomedue.

8

LetusmakeitunconstitutionalfortheFederalGovernmenttospendmorethantheFederalGovernmenttakesin.

Wehavealreadystartedreturningtothepeopleandtostateandlocalgovernmentsresponsibilitiesbetterhandledbythem.

Now,thereisaplacefortheFederalGovernmentinmattersofsocialcompassion.

9

Butourfundamentalgoalsmustbetoreducedependencyandupgradethedignityofthosewhoareinfirmordisadvantage.Andhereagrowingeconomyandsupportfromfamilyandcommunityofferourbestchanceforasocietywherecompassionisawayoflife,wheretheoldandinfirmarecaredfor,theyoungand,yestheunborn,protected,andtheunfortunatelookedafterandmadeself-sufficient.

NowthereisanotherareawheretheFederalGovernmentcanplayapart.AsanolderAmerican,Irememberatimewhenpeopleofdifferentrace,creedorethnicorigininourlandfoundhatredandprejudiceinstalledinsocialcustomand,yes,inlaw.

There'snostorymorehearteninginourhistorythantheprogressthatwe'vemadetowardthebrotherhoodofmanthatGodintendedforus.

10

Letusresolve:therewillbenoturningbackorhesitationontheroadtoanAmericarichindignityandabundantwithopportunityforallourcitizens.6.

正確答案：我們所有人必須首先完成旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡預(yù)算的計(jì)劃，然后方可著手減少國(guó)家債務(wù)。

7.

正確答案：此外，我們必須進(jìn)一步采取措施永久性地控制政府稅收和開(kāi)支的權(quán)力。

8.

正確答案：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)規(guī)定，聯(lián)邦政府的開(kāi)支額如果超出收入額，就屬于違反憲法的行為。

9.

正確答案：然而，我們的基本目標(biāo)是要減少依賴性，并提高弱者和被剝奪了基本權(quán)利的人的自尊心。

10.

正確答案：在建立一個(gè)美國(guó)全體公民都具有高度的尊嚴(yán)和各種機(jī)會(huì)的道路上，我們決心不會(huì)出現(xiàn)倒退或猶豫。

Inhisautobiography.Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but

11

hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinkloneandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservation.Hedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.

12

Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemory,too,hedescribedasextensive,buthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.

13

Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobsever,hehadnopowerofreasoning.This,hethought,couldnotbetrue,becausethe"OriginofSpecies"isonelongargumentfromthebeginningtotheend,andhasconvincedmanyablemen.Noone,hesubmits,couldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewaswillingtoassertthat"Ihaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonsenseorjudgment,suchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,Ibelieve,inanyhigherdegree."

14

Headdshumblythatperhapshewas"superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully."

Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerly,too,pictureshadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat,delight.In1881,however,hesaid:"NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic."

15

Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappinessbutmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.11.

正確答案：他相信，也許正是這種困難彌補(bǔ)了他的缺點(diǎn)，使他能夠發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢(shì)，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間專(zhuān)注地思考每一個(gè)句子，從而能在推理和觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。

12.

正確答案：他還斷言，在深入理解冗長(zhǎng)且完全抽象的思想上，他的能力有限。鑒于此，他曾確信自己在數(shù)學(xué)方面不會(huì)有成就。

13.

正確答案：另一方面，一些批評(píng)家指責(zé)他：盡管善于觀察，但是缺乏推理能力。達(dá)爾文并不接受這種指責(zé)，認(rèn)為這種指責(zé)缺少根據(jù)。

14.

正確答案：他謙虛地補(bǔ)充道，或許他“和普通人比起來(lái)，更能夠注意到那些別人不容易注意到的東西，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行細(xì)致的觀察”。

15.

正確答案：達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為，失去對(duì)音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)的興趣，不僅意味著失去了幸福，而且還可能有損智力，更有可能損害道德品質(zhì)。

ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.

16

Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.

Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.

Ifthestudyoftawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducation.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.

17

Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.Forexample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist'sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.

18

Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectforjournalists.Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.

19

Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.

Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.

20

Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignifcanceandmaketheirownjudgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawellgroundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.16.

正確答案：傳統(tǒng)上，在加拿大的高等學(xué)府里，學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的專(zhuān)門(mén)工作，而不是一個(gè)受過(guò)良好教育的人所必須具備的知識(shí)素養(yǎng)。

17.

正確答案：另一方面，法律又將正義、民主和自由這些觀念與日常生活中的實(shí)際聯(lián)系在一起，其方式就如同新聞工作者在報(bào)道和評(píng)論新聞事件時(shí)，以日常生活為基礎(chǔ)，使這些觀念與實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合一樣。

18.

正確答案：但是，新聞工作者對(duì)于法律的理解應(yīng)該比普通公民更加深刻，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是在對(duì)于新聞媒體的既定規(guī)范和特殊的社會(huì)責(zé)任有深刻認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)之上建立的。

19.

正確答案：實(shí)際上，很難想象那些對(duì)于加拿大憲法的基本特點(diǎn)缺乏清晰了解的新聞工作者能夠勝任政治新聞報(bào)道的工作。

20.

正確答案：律師的評(píng)論和反應(yīng)當(dāng)然能夠提升新聞報(bào)道的價(jià)值，但是，記者們最好還是依靠自己對(duì)于事件重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)作出判斷。

Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.

21

Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

"Anthropology"derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos"human"andlogos"thestudyof".Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.

Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.

22

Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.

Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakes