Unit3FamilyMattersUsinglanguage課件高中英語

Grammar如何準(zhǔn)確使用英語時(shí)態(tài)?Q1:什么是時(shí)態(tài)？“時(shí)”就是這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的“時(shí)間”；“態(tài)”就是這個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)刻的“狀態(tài)”。過去(past)現(xiàn)在(present)將來(future)一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行狀態(tài)完成狀態(tài)010203時(shí)態(tài)只與

有關(guān)動(dòng)詞英語中把時(shí)間分為三類：過去（past）、現(xiàn)在（now）和將來（future）。狀態(tài)一般式表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其動(dòng)詞形式為do。Ioftengetupat7.我經(jīng)常在七點(diǎn)鐘起床。進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其動(dòng)詞形式為“bedoing”。SheissingingaFrenchsong.她正在唱一首法語歌。狀態(tài)

完成式表示對(duì)“之前發(fā)生動(dòng)作”的一個(gè)總結(jié)，其動(dòng)詞形式為“havedone”：Theyhavefoundthemissingchild.他們找到那個(gè)失蹤的孩子了。完成進(jìn)行式表示對(duì)“正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作”的一個(gè)總結(jié)，其動(dòng)詞形式為“havebeendoing”：Ihavebeenreadingbooksfortwohours.我已經(jīng)連續(xù)讀書兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。動(dòng)詞的十二類時(shí)態(tài)中文和英文的時(shí)態(tài)差異

時(shí)態(tài)在中文里通過時(shí)間狀語來體現(xiàn)，而英語則通過謂語動(dòng)詞展現(xiàn)。「我昨天跑步。」「Iranyesterday.」「我跑步。」「Irun.」「我明天跑步。」「Iwillruntomorrow.」一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（be/do）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；目前狀態(tài)；性格/能力；客觀真理;主將從現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則一般情況(包括“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞)在詞尾加-srun—runsask—askslive—livesplay—plays以ch、sh、s、z、x或o結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-esteach—teachesfinish—finishesfix—fixesdo—does以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的詞去掉y，加上-iestry—triesstudy—studiesworry—worries1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與often、usually、always、sometimes、never、everyday、onceamonth等時(shí)間狀語連用。◆Hegoestoschoolatseveno'clockeveryday.◆WelikecommunicatingwithourfriendsusingWeChatnow.2.表示目前的狀態(tài)、性格或能力◆Iam16now.◆HelikesEnglish.3.表示普遍存在的真理和客觀事實(shí)?！鬖ighttravelsfasterthansound.

◆Thesunraisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteveryday.4.

在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。◆We'lllethimknowthegoodnewsassoonashearrives.◆Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.主將從現(xiàn)aslongas/if/assoonas主句用一般將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，僅限少數(shù)瞬間動(dòng)詞(短語)如begin、come、go、leave、start、arrive、end、return、takeoff等。◆Theplanetakesoffat15：05.◆Themeetingbeginsateight.Exercises(1)Healways_________（go）toworkbysubway.(2)Respectingtheoldandcaringfortheyoung_________（reflect）aperson’sexcellentqualities.(3)Thesun_____(rise)

intheeastand____(set)inthewest.(4)Theplane_________（take）offat11：30and_________（arrive）inShanghaiat13：20.goesreflectsraisessetsarrivestakes(5)Assoonastherain____,theywillgoouttopickapples.A．stopsB.stoppedC．willstop D.isstopping(6)UncleWangnever____English,becausehe____knowhowtosayit.A:speak,doesn’tB:speak,don’t C:speaks,don’t D:speaks,doesn’t(7)Thepicture____nice.A:look B:looksC:looked D:belook一般過去時(shí)（was/were/did）一般過去時(shí)——過去動(dòng)作、過去習(xí)慣、過去狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則一般情況加-eddelay—delayedcall—called以e結(jié)尾加-dagree—agreedhate—hated以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾(但以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要直接加-ed)去掉y，加上-iedcry—criedcarry—carriedtry—triedworry—worried“一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾，又是重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí)最后一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫，再加上-edbeg—beggedstop—stopped1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或者某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。常與then、atthattime、justnow、amomentago、theotherday、inthepast、atonetime、threedaysago、lastyear、yesterday等時(shí)間狀語連用?！鬞omwantedtohelpusyesterday,buthewasverybusy.

◆Thatmanwas

bornin1993.◆WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.2.表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，常與often、always、usually等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。◆Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday.

◆Duringthefirstweekatseniorhigh,hedidn'thandinEnglishhomeworkeveryday.3.有些情況，雖然沒有明確表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，但可根據(jù)語境判斷出動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)?！鬒didn'tknowyouwereinParis.◆Yourphonenumberagain,please.Ididn'tquitecatchit.Exercises(1)WhenIwasreadingthenewspaper，thephone_____(ring).(2)IwasgoingtotidymyroomwhenI________（have）visitors.(3)What___________________________nextMonday?---I_______________________playbasketball.(4)Therewassomeorangeinthefridge.（改為一般疑問句）

_____there_____orangeinthefridge？(5)Icanflykitessevenyearsago.（改錯(cuò)）(6)Didyousawhimjustnow.（改錯(cuò)）(7)Ididn’tmyhomeworkyesterday.（改錯(cuò)）ranghadareyougoingtodo/willyoudowill/amgoingtoWasanydoseecould(8)Myfather_______illyesterday．

A.isn‘tB.

aren’t

C.wasn‘t

D.weren’t(9)The

twins_____inDalian

lastyear.They_____herenow．

A.

are;were

B.were;are

C.was;are

D.were;was(10)—What___you___lastweek?—Iboughtabag.A.did,buyB.did,boughtC.do,buy D.do,bought現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——bedoing（V-ing現(xiàn)在分詞)

目前或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生、一直或斷續(xù)發(fā)生、將要發(fā)生主語＋am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞1.表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間狀語now、atthemoment等連用。◆Iamwritingaletternow.Willyoupleaseturndowntheradio?◆Iamtakingclass.Pleasebequiet.2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?！鬑eiswritingabookaboutChinesehistorythesedays.◆Iamfinishingmydissertation.注意：下列動(dòng)詞不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)①感覺類：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等；②感情類：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear等；③所有類：have,contain,own,hold,belongto等。3.表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。有此用法的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o、come、leave、start、arrive、return等?！鬗rWhiteisleavingforBeijinginafewdays.4.表示說話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等，常與always、constantly、continually等副詞連用。◆Heisalwaysaskingsuchsimplequestions.◆Heisalwaysthinkingmoreofothersthanofhimself.Exercises(1)We__________(start)

workateighto’clockforthenextmonth.(2)Whyareyouconstantly______(ask)

suchstupidquestions?(3)Mycousin_________(help)

outinmycompanythesedays.(4)Listen!Somebody__________(sing).(5)Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)(6)ThePioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.(改成一般疑問句)arestartingaskingishelpingissinging一般將來時(shí)主語＋will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形一般將來時(shí)由“shall/willdo”構(gòu)成，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow、nextweek、inthefuture、inafewdays等時(shí)間狀語連用?！皐illdo”還可以表示說話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定?！鬘extmonthwewillhaveourschoolopenday.◆Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.

—Allright.Iwillcallhimlater.(2)beabouttodo表示即將發(fā)生的將來動(dòng)作，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來時(shí)間狀語連用，多與when連用。(3)betodo按照約定、職責(zé)、義務(wù)或要求等即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。◆Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsixinthemorning.將來時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法：(1)begoingto按計(jì)劃/打算要做某事；根據(jù)某跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的事◆IamgoingtomeetMr.Smithattheairportat8：30tonight.◆Lookattheblackclouds!Itisgoingtorain.◆Iwasabouttogotohavedinnerwhenhecalledmeup.◆Frank

isleaving

forLondonbytrainwhichleaves

at8:30nextmorning.(4)bedoing按計(jì)劃或安排將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用于少數(shù)位移/瞬間動(dòng)詞（start/move/come/go/arrive/leave）(5)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，僅限少數(shù)位移/瞬間動(dòng)詞/短語（start/move/come/go/arrive/leave）個(gè)人色彩較濃——單句語法填空(1)Assoonasyoucomehere,I_________(show)youaroundthecity.(2)—Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?—I______________________(watch)afilmwithsomefriends.(3)Stoptalking!We_____________beginourclass.(4)Youare___________(hand)intheexercisestomorrow.(5)There_________(be)ameetinginthehallnextweek.(6)Lookattheseblackclouds.It___________rain.(7)Theplane________(leave)at8:00everymorning.(8)

Thecustomers__________(leave)bytraintonight.willshowamgoingtowatchareabouttotohandwillbeisgoingtoleavesareleaving現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasdone（過去分詞）——關(guān)注“過去事件”對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果；對(duì)經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，著眼于現(xiàn)在。常與already、just、yet、never、before、lately、recently、inthelast(past)fewyears、uptonow、tillnow、sofar等連用?！鬒nthelastfewyears,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.2.表示從過去某時(shí)開始延續(xù)至今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for＋一段時(shí)間，since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。◆Hehasworkedhereforovertwentyyears.◆HehaslivedinLondonsince2020.已完成未完成3.在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可代替一般將來時(shí)?！?天津卷)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.◆I'llgotothepartyassoonasIhavefinishedmyhomework.4.在“This/Itisthefirst/second...time＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。◆ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedtheGreatWall.5.在“This/Itisthe＋序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！鬞hisisthemostinterestingfilmthathehaswatched.他已經(jīng)去世（好幾年）了。Hehasdied.Hehasdiedforseveralyears.Hehasbeendeadforseveralyears.Itisseveralyearssincehedied.注意:表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞,如come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for,since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。Have/Has

gone(to)

:去了未回 Have/Has

been

(to)

:去過已回（已不在去過的地方）Have/hasbeenin：待多久（還在所待的地方）Exercises(1)He_________(work)fortheOrganisationforfouryearsnow.(2)Inthelastfewyears，China_________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.(3)I__________(see)myoldclassmateonlyoncethisyear.(4)TomandMary__________(be)friendsforyears.(5)I’llgotothepartyassoonasI_____________(finish)myhomework.(6)Thisisn’tthefirsttimethattechnology_____________(change)ourmanners.(7)他去北京了。(8)他去過北京兩次。

hasworked

hasmade

haveseen

havebeen

havefinished

haschanged(9)---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeen

B.hadbeen

C.was

D.willbe(10)Howlonghaveyou_____here?A.come B.got C.arrived D.been(11)Mygrandpadied_____.attheageofmy2 B.for2years C.whenIwas2 D.myagewas2(12)--Whatanicedress!Howlong

you

it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had(13)--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI

friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemade B.havebecome C.havebeen D.haveturnedExercises______aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare2.Iftheycome,we_____ameeting.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave3.Sorry,Ican’topenthedoor,forI_____thekeytoit.A.lostB.loseC.hadlostD.havelost4.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see5.---Bobmustbeverywealthy.---Yes,he_____moreinonedaythanIdoinaweek.A.hasbeenearned