翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題2022年上半年

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題2022年上半年SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslationTranslatingthefollowingtwopassagesintoChin（江南博哥）ese.1.

TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationistheglobalforumforintellectualpropertypolicy,services,informationandcooperation.Onthe26thofAprileveryyear,wecelebrateWorldIntellectualPropertyDaytolearnabouttherolethatintellectualproperty(IP)rightsplayinencouraginginnovationandcreativity.Eachyearwechooseathemethatillustratesjusthowimportantintellectualpropertyistosociety,theeconomyandtooureverydaylives.Thethemeofthisyear'scampaignis"ReachforGold:IPandSports".SportsarenotnecessarilysomethingthatyouwouldimmediatelyassociatewithIP.

Sportshavebecomeamulti-billion-dollarglobalindustry——onethatgeneratesinvestmentinfacilities,employsmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andentertainsmanymore.BusinessrelationshipbuiltonIPrightshelptosecuretheeconomicvalueofsport.This,inturn,stimulatesthegrowthoftheindustrybyenablingsportingorganizationstofinancetheeventswesavor,andbyprovidingthemeanstopromotesportsdevelopmentatthegrassrootslevel.

Today,thankstoadvancesinbroadcastingandcommunicationstechnologies,anyonecanfollowsportingactionaroundtheclock,anywhere,trackingtheperformanceoftheirfavoriteathletesandteamswithoutleavinghome.Buttraditionally,ticketsweresoldtosportsfanstoenteranareatowatchamatch.Atthattime,theexcitementofsportingcompetitiondidnotmovemuchbeyondthearea.Nowthankstoremarkabletechnologicaladvances,millionsandmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcantuneinandwatchamatch.Thatprocessofbroadcastingsportingactiontofansinallpartsoftheworld,andtheinvestmentitrequires,rewardsbroadcasterswithanIPright,whichinturnmakesitpossibletofinancethematches.Andyet,thesetechnologicalinnovationsareempoweredandencouragedbyIP.

Welookathowsportsbusinessusepatentsanddesignstofosterthedevelopmentofnewsportstechnologies,materials,training,andequipmenttohelpimproveathleticperformance,andengagefansworldwide.Andwefindouthowtrademarksandbrandingmaximizecommercialrevenuefromsponsorship,merchandisingandlicensingagreements.Theserevenuesoffsetthecostoforganizingworldclassevents,suchastheOlympicGamesandWorldCupseries,andensurethatthevalueandintegrityofthesespectaculareventsaresafeguarded.正確答案：世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織(WIPO)是圍繞知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)政策、服務(wù)、信息與合作而設(shè)立的全球性論壇“世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)日”定在每年的4月26日，旨在讓人們了解知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)在鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)造方面所發(fā)揮的作用。每年的“世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)日”都會(huì)選定一個(gè)主題，借此闡明知識(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn)/智力財(cái)產(chǎn)對(duì)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹闹匾饬x。今年“世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)日”的主題是“奮力奪金：知識(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn)和體育”。說(shuō)到體育，人們未必會(huì)立即將其與知識(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

體育已成為一個(gè)價(jià)值數(shù)十億美元的全球產(chǎn)業(yè)，不僅帶動(dòng)了場(chǎng)館建設(shè)方面的投資，還為世界數(shù)百萬(wàn)人提供了就業(yè)崗位，為更多人帶來(lái)了歡樂(lè)。以知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為基礎(chǔ)的商業(yè)關(guān)系有助于獲得體育產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，反過(guò)來(lái)又可以促進(jìn)體育產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，因?yàn)檫@種商業(yè)關(guān)系允許體育組織為我們喜愛(ài)的各項(xiàng)賽事提供資金支持，并為促進(jìn)基層體育發(fā)展提供途徑。

如今，隨著廣播和通信技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，任何人都可以隨時(shí)隨地觀看體育賽事，足不出戶就能及時(shí)了解他們最喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員和隊(duì)伍的表現(xiàn)。而在過(guò)去，體育迷們要看比賽必須購(gòu)票入場(chǎng)才行，那時(shí)，體育賽事帶來(lái)的激動(dòng)氛圍基本上僅限于競(jìng)技場(chǎng)內(nèi)。如今，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，世界各地成百上千萬(wàn)人都可以收看體育賽事。轉(zhuǎn)播商向世界各地的體育迷轉(zhuǎn)播比賽，并提供轉(zhuǎn)播所需的資金，而作為回報(bào)，轉(zhuǎn)播商可以獲得一項(xiàng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)(體育賽事轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán))，(由此獲得的收益)反過(guò)來(lái)又可以為體育賽事提供資金支持。話說(shuō)回來(lái)，賦能并推動(dòng)這些科技創(chuàng)新的就是知識(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn)。

(值此紀(jì)念“世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)日”之際，)我們主要關(guān)注體育企業(yè)如何利用專利和外觀設(shè)計(jì)促進(jìn)體育新技術(shù)、新材料、新訓(xùn)練方式和新設(shè)備的研發(fā)，以此幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員提高成績(jī)，關(guān)注這些企業(yè)如何吸引世界各地的體育迷。同時(shí)，我們還關(guān)注商標(biāo)和品牌(推廣)如何通過(guò)商業(yè)贊助、周邊產(chǎn)品和授權(quán)協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)收益最大化，這些商業(yè)收入可以覆蓋奧運(yùn)會(huì)和世界杯系列賽等世界級(jí)體育賽事的辦賽成本，同時(shí)也有助于維護(hù)這些頂級(jí)體育賽事的價(jià)值和完整性。

2.

Intoday'sincreasinglydiversesocieties,UNESOcontinuestoaccomplishitsfundamentalhumanistmissiontosupportpeopleinunderstandingeachotherandworkingtogethertobuildlastingpeace.Ithelpstoenablepeopletocreateanduseknowledgeforjustandinclusivesocieties.Towardsthisend,UNESCOhasprioritizedtrainingandresearchinsustainabledevelopment,skillsforpeacefulrelations,goodgovernance,thepreventionofconflictandpeacebuilding,amongothers.

Yet,lastingpeacerestsonacomplexandfragilewebofdailypracticesembeddedinlocalsettingsanddailyencountersthatindividualsandcommunitiesmaintain.Peoplebelievethatthesepracticesconstitutethesustainableconditionsforlivingtogetherindignityandsharedprosperity.Atatimeofincreasingglobalchallengesandthreats,suchasinequality,exclusion,violenceandsectarianismworsenedbylocaltensionsandconflictswhichunderminehumanity'scohesion,learningtolivetogetherandfosteringrights,inclusionandnon-discriminationamongallmembersoftheglobalcommunitybecomemoretopicalthaneverbefore.

Individualsbecomeinter-culturallycompetentthroughlearningandlifeexperienceforsuccessfullivinginthemoderncomplexityofourheterogeneousworldandconsequentlytheybecomepreparedtoappreciatediversityaswellasmanageconflictsinaccordancewiththevaluesofpluralismandmutualunderstanding.UNESCOintervenestohelpitsmemberstatesandallitspartnerstobetterunderstandandaddressthechallengesofourmoreandmorediversifiedsocieties,particularlythroughitsintergovernmentalProgrammeforManagementofSocialtransformations(政府間社會(huì)輕型管理行動(dòng))andtheCultureofPeaceandNon-Violenceprogramme(和平與非暴力行動(dòng))whichinclude,interalia,initiativesfordemocracyandglobalcitizenship,interculturaldialogue,andpeace-building.

UNESCOhaspromotedtherighttoqualityeducationandtheadvancementofscienceanditsapplicationtodevelopknowledgeandcapacityforeconomicandsocialprogress,thebasisofpeaceandsustainabledevelopment.Ithasfocuseditsworkinscienceonissuesofglobalconcernrequiringmultinationalcollaborationsuchasinthefieldsoffreshwaterresourcesmanagement,oceanhealth,climatechange,renewableenergy,naturaldisasterreduction,biodiversityloss,andcapacitybuildinginscience,technologyandinnovation.

UNESCOisconcernedabouttheriseofracism,xenophobiaandintolerance,andconsiderseducationessentialtostrengtheningthefoundationoftolerance,andreducingdiscriminationandviolence.Theproject"TeachingRespectforALL"(尊重所有人的教育項(xiàng)目)aimstodesignacurricularframeworktofightracismandpromotetolerance,whichcountriescanadapttotheirrespectivecontextsandneeds.Furthermore,itseekstopromotethedevelopmentandpracticeofsportingactivities,aswellasthefightagainstdopingtofostersocialintegrationindifferentculturalandpoliticalcontexts,recognizingthatsportdisregardsbothgeographicalbordersandsocialclass.正確答案：在社會(huì)日趨多元化的今天，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織(UNESO)仍堅(jiān)守其基本的人文主義使命，即為促進(jìn)人們相互理解、共建持久和平提供支持。聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織幫助人們通過(guò)創(chuàng)造和運(yùn)用知識(shí)來(lái)構(gòu)建公正包容的社會(huì)。為此，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織一直將工作重點(diǎn)放在推動(dòng)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展相關(guān)的培訓(xùn)和研究、加強(qiáng)和平關(guān)系技能建設(shè)、實(shí)現(xiàn)良政善治、預(yù)防沖突和建設(shè)和平等方面。

個(gè)人和社區(qū)共同維系的日常交往和當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境共同織就了一張復(fù)雜又脆弱的日常行為網(wǎng)，而這張網(wǎng)卻是建立持久和平的基礎(chǔ)。人們認(rèn)為，這些日常行為為他們過(guò)上有尊嚴(yán)的生活、實(shí)現(xiàn)共同繁榮創(chuàng)造了可持續(xù)的條件。如今，全球性挑戰(zhàn)和威脅日益增加：不平等、排斥、暴力和宗派主義等問(wèn)題因地區(qū)緊張局勢(shì)和沖突而愈演愈烈，破壞了人類的凝聚力。在這種背景下，學(xué)會(huì)共處以及在國(guó)際社會(huì)所有成員之間促進(jìn)權(quán)利保護(hù)、加強(qiáng)包容性和非歧視環(huán)境建設(shè)比以往任何時(shí)候都更加緊迫。

通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)和生活閱歷的積累，人們可以獲得跨文化能力，在復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)代異質(zhì)世界應(yīng)對(duì)自如，進(jìn)而能夠接受多元化，并在多元主義價(jià)值觀和相互理解的基礎(chǔ)上管理沖突。聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織通過(guò)干預(yù)手段——尤其是通過(guò)“政府間社會(huì)輕型管理行動(dòng)”及“和平與非暴力行動(dòng)”(其中包括促進(jìn)民主、打造全球公民、推動(dòng)跨文化對(duì)話及建設(shè)和平的倡議等)——幫助其成員國(guó)和所有合作伙伴加深對(duì)愈發(fā)多元化社會(huì)的理解，應(yīng)對(duì)隨之而來(lái)的各種挑戰(zhàn)。

經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會(huì)進(jìn)步是實(shí)現(xiàn)和平與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。為了做好推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備和能力建設(shè)工作，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織堅(jiān)持促進(jìn)享受優(yōu)質(zhì)教育的權(quán)利以及科學(xué)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用。聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的工作一直聚焦于需要多國(guó)合作的全球性問(wèn)題上，比如：淡水資源管理、海洋健康、氣候變化、可再生能源、自然災(zāi)害減災(zāi)工作、生物多樣性喪失、科技和創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)等。

聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織也對(duì)種族主義抬頭、仇外情緒蔓延、社會(huì)容忍度降低等情況表示擔(dān)憂，并認(rèn)為教育對(duì)筑牢社會(huì)包容性基礎(chǔ)、減少歧視和暴力等方面至關(guān)重要?！白鹬厮腥恕边@一教育項(xiàng)目旨在設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)抗擊種族主義、提高社會(huì)包容度的課程框架，各國(guó)可根據(jù)本國(guó)國(guó)情和需求加以調(diào)整。此外，教科文組織還認(rèn)識(shí)到體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不分國(guó)界和階層，因此致力于促進(jìn)體育活動(dòng)的發(fā)展和實(shí)踐并反對(duì)使用興奮劑，由此推動(dòng)不同文化和政治背景下的社會(huì)融合。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.1.

近日中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布了《關(guān)于建立健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制和政策體系的意見》(theDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment)。根據(jù)《意見》，到2022年，要初建立城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制，打通城鄉(xiāng)要素自由流動(dòng)的制度性通道，建成城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的建設(shè)用地市場(chǎng)，形成農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)交易制度框架。最終目標(biāo)是縮小城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展差距和居民生活水平差距。

首先，要設(shè)計(jì)好農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化和城市人才入鄉(xiāng)激勵(lì)的機(jī)制，促進(jìn)人的雙向流動(dòng)。每年有近百萬(wàn)農(nóng)民工要進(jìn)城，必須深化戶籍制度改革，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋提高城市的包容度。同時(shí)，要制定更加可操作性的財(cái)政、金融、社會(huì)保障等激勵(lì)政策，吸引各類人才到農(nóng)村創(chuàng)業(yè)，并留住人才。

其次，要慎重地改革農(nóng)村宅基地制度，探索建立集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地入市制度，最大程度激發(fā)農(nóng)村土地的生產(chǎn)力，但不改變土地所有制性質(zhì)，不突破耕地紅線，不損及農(nóng)民利益，守住生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線，防范各類政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

第三，要進(jìn)一步健全財(cái)政投入保障機(jī)制，促進(jìn)更多社會(huì)資金投入農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村。同時(shí)，要完善鄉(xiāng)村金融服務(wù)體系和建立工商資本入鄉(xiāng)促進(jìn)機(jī)制，為城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展提供全方位的財(cái)政金融政策支持。正確答案：TheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilhaverecentlyissuedtheOpiniononEstablishingaSoundInstitutionalandPolicyFrameworkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment(theOpinionforshort).It'simportantthataninstitutionalframeworkforintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmenttakeshapeby2022,accordingtotheOpinion.Thatmeansputtinginplaceaninstitutionalchannelfortheunimpeded/freemovementofproductionfactorsbetweenurbanandruralareas,aunifiedmarketforconstructionlandinurbanandruralareas,andapolicyframeworkfortheprotectionandtradingofruralpropertyrights.Theultimategoalistonarrowtheurban-ruraldivide/gap/disparity/discrepancyinthelevelofdevelopmentandpeople'slivingstandards.

First,it'scrucialtodevelopawell-conceived/well-designedmechanismforgrantingurbanresidencytoruralpeoplewhohavemovedtocitiesandincentivizingurbantalenttopursuedevelopmentinruralareasasawaytofacilitatethetwo-waymovementofpeople.Asnearlyonemillionruralpeoplemovetocitiesforjobseachyear,it'sessentialtomakecitiesmoreinclusivebydeepeningthehouseholdregistrationreformandmovingfastertoensureaccesstobasicpublicservicesforallpermanenturbanresidents.Meanwhile,it'simportantthatwedevelop/craft/formulatemoreactionable/workablefiscal,financialandsocialsecuritypolicyincentivesthatservetoattractandretainallmanneroftalentwhopursueentrepreneurshipinruralareas.

Second,wemusttakeprudentstepstoreformtheruralhomesteadsystemandexplorewaystoestablishasystemforbringingtomarketthecollectiveconstructionlandforoperationalpurposesinanefforttomaximizetheproductivityofruralland.Havingsaidthat,thelandownershipmustremainunchanged,theredlineforfarmlandmustn'tbecrossed,andfarmers'interestsshouldnotbecompromised.Theecological(conservation)redlinemustbeimplementedtotheletter,andpolitical,economicandsocialrisksofalltypesmustbekeptatbay/beforestalled.

Third,it'scriticalthatwecontinuetorefinethemechanismtosecurefinancialinputandencouragemoreprivate/non-governmentalfundstogotoagricultureandruralareas.Atthesametime,weneedtoimprovetheruralfinancialservicessystemandputintoplaceamechanismforfacilitatingtheflowofindustrialandcommercialcapitalintoruralareas,providingall-dimensionalfiscalandfinancialpolicysupportforintegratedurban-ruraldevelopment.

2.

近城市生物多樣性是指城市中包括植物、動(dòng)物和微生物等生物種類的豐富程度，它是保證城市生態(tài)平衡的基礎(chǔ)，在調(diào)節(jié)城市氣候、維護(hù)水的自然循環(huán)和水源清潔，保持土壤肥力等方面均發(fā)揮著重要作用。生物多樣的城市才有可能成為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)良好，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平衡穩(wěn)定的城市。

城市生物多樣性也與城市居民生活和健康息息相關(guān)?？茖W(xué)研究表明，與在鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)大的人相比，童年在城市中度過(guò)的人更容易在特定季節(jié)出現(xiàn)一些過(guò)敏癥狀。原因在于，鄉(xiāng)村微生物遠(yuǎn)比城市的多樣復(fù)雜，在鄉(xiāng)村生活的孩子接觸了更多微生物，他們的免疫系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過(guò)與這些微生物的博弈，身體已經(jīng)適應(yīng)它們。在城市中長(zhǎng)大的人卻沒(méi)有這種經(jīng)歷，一旦遇到某些免疫系統(tǒng)從未接觸過(guò)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的微生物，就比較容易染病。城市生物多樣性的前提是復(fù)雜多樣的生態(tài)環(huán)境。盡管城市在不斷擴(kuò)張，自然空間縮小了，呈碎片化，由此改變了土地原有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，水文狀況和地表結(jié)構(gòu)，自然空間既有限又破碎，但在一定程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)生物多樣性也并非如我們想象的那樣困難。正確答案：Urbanbiodiversityreferstothevarietyandrichnessoflivingorganisms,includingplants(flora).animals(fauna)andmicroorganisms.Itunderliesurbanecologicalbalance,playinganimportantpartinregulatingurbanclimate,maintainingthenaturalcycleofwater,aswellaskeepingwatersourcescleana