交通大學遠程教育-大學英語課后練習題及答案

Unit1

PartTwo:ReadandPractice

ReadandThink

IT.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.

1.WhatarethemaintypeofairPollution?

An.:Theseincludesmog,acidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,and

“holes"intheozonelayer.

2.Wheredoesexhaustcomefrom?

An.:Theexhaustcomesfromburningfuelsinautomobiles,homes,

andindustries.

3.Whyistheamountofcarbondioxideintheaircontinuingto

increase?

An.:Carbondioxideisproducedwhenfuelsareburned.Plants

convertcarbondioxidebacktooxygen,butthereleaseofcarbondioxide

fromhumanactivitiesishigherthantheworld'splantscanprocess.The

situationismadeworsesincemanyoftheearth,sforestsarebeing

removed,andplantlifeisbeingdamagedbyacidrain.

4.Canpollutantsbecreatedbyindooractivities?

An.:Yes.Somepollutantscanbecreatedbyindooractivitiessuch

assmokingandcooking.

5.Whatisthefirststeptosolveairpollution?

An.:Thefirststeptosolveairpollutionisassessment.

III.Putinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.

Thereareseveralmaintypesofpollutionandwell-knowneffectsof

pollution.Onetypeofairpollutionisthereleaseofparticlesinto

theairfromburningfuelforenergy.Anothertypeofpollutionisthe

releaseofharmfulgasesintheatmosphere,formingsmogandacidrain.

Thegreenhouseeffectisalsoreferredtoasglobalwarming.Inmany

countriesintheworld,stepsarebeingtakentostopthedamagetoour

environmentfromairpollution.Theyhavesetcontrolsonpollution

emissionsfortransportationvehiclesandindustryandwemustmeetthe

challengeinordertoassurethatahealthyenvironmentwillexistfor

ourselvesandourchildren.

ReadandComplete

IV.Spellthefollowingwordswiththehelpoftheirmeaningsand

firstletters.

1.essentiala.absolutelynecessary.Vitallynecessary

2.substancen.thatwhichhasmassandoccupiesspace

3.significarta.important;ofconsequence;havingor

expressingameaning

4.well-beingn.acontentedstateorbeinghappyhealthy

andprosperous

5.exhaustn.gasesejectedfromanengineaswaste

products

6.convertv.tochangeLhenature,purpose,or

functionofsomething

7.reactionn.aprocessinwhichoneormore

substancesarechangedintoothers

8.derivev.toobtain;LOcomefrom

9.consequencen.theoutcomeofaneventespeciallyas

relativetoanindividual

10.exposuren.thestateofbeingputintoa

situationinwhichsomethingharmfulordangerousmightaffectyou

V.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththewordsyou

havelearnedinthetext.

1.Heexplainedthathisdelaywasdue~oanaccident.

2.Foreveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction.

3.Thisisonecfthemostsignificantstudiesofthesubject.

4.Thisgardenhasthebestcollectionofnativeplants.In

addition,itcontainsnumeroustreesandfiDwersfromoverseas.

5.Thepaintcameoffastheresultofexposuretotherain.

1.Johnglancedathiswatchandquickenedhispace.

2.Theroadbroadenedintoanimposingavenuelastyear.

3.HisexpressionbrightenedwhenImentionedthemoney.

4.Thegapbetweenincomeandexpenditurehaswidenedto10%.

5.Theyaretalkingaboutshorteningtheworkingweek.

6.Thebadnewsdarkenedtheirviewof:hesituation.

7.It'sanopportunityforyoungpeopletodeepentheir

understandingoftheworld.

8.Theteacheradvisespupilstosharpenalltheirpencilsbefore

thetest.

9.Thedirectorusesmusictoheightentensioninthescene.

10.Thedayslengthenedassummerapproached.

VIII.PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglish

sentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentences.

1.示例：Airsuppliesuswithoxygenwhichisessentialforour

bodiestolive.Treesandflowerscansupplyuswithfreshairand

beautifulview.

這家公司的任務(wù)是向周圍的住戶供應(yīng)煤氣。

譯：Thetaskofthiscompanyistosupplythehomesaroundwithgas.

他們向受洪災(zāi)地區(qū)(iheflood-strickenarea)的人們提供了食品援助

(aids)o

譯：Theysuppliedthepeopleintheflood-strickenareawithfood

aids.

2.示例：Thistypeofpollutionissometimesreferredtoas“black

carbonnpollution.HeisreferredtoasalivingShakespeare.

他們稱他是一位政治家。

譯：Theyreferredtohimasapolitician.

那些在辦公室工作的人被稱為“白領(lǐng)(whitecollar)工人”。

譯：Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyrefertoas“white

collarworkers”.

3.示例：Thesecantakepartinfurtherchemicalreactionsonce

theyareintheatmosphere,formingsmogandacidrain.Onceyoustart,

youwillnevergiveup.

錢一旦花光了，我們就回不了家了。

譯：Oncethemoneyhasgone,wecannotgobackhome.

一旦出版，這本詞典將會非常暢銷！

譯：Onceprintec,thisdictionarywillbeverypopu1ar!

4.示例：Onlythroughtheeffortsofscientists,businessleaders,

legislators,andindividualscanwereducetheamountofairpollution

ontheplanet.

Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyanewwheelchair.

孩子們只有在長大了之后，才能明白父母的辛苦。

譯：OnlyafterthechiIdrengrewupcouldtheyunderstandtheir

parents,hardworking.

我們只有在山頂上才能看到整座城市的美景。

譯：Onlyatthetopofthemountaincanweseethebeautifulscenes

ofthewholecity.

5.示例：Thischallengemustbemetbyallofusinordertoassure

thatahealthyenvironmentwillexistforourselvesandourchildren.

Nothingcanassurepermanenthappiness.

他向我保證他已經(jīng)完成了。

譯：Heassuredmethathehadfinished.

我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。

譯：Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews.

IX.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.我們?yōu)轭櫩吞峁└鞣N優(yōu)質(zhì)商品。

譯：Wesupplyocrcustomerswithavarietyofgoodswithhigh

quality.

2.應(yīng)該采取適當?shù)拇胧┍Ｗo當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境和歷史。

譯：Properstepsshouldbetakentoprojectlocalenvironmentand

history.

3.只有用這種方式，你才能從你的錯誤中吸取教訓。

譯：Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnformyourmistakes.

4.在大城市，空氣污染是個大問題，尤其是在發(fā)展中國家。

譯：Airpollutionisabigprobleminlargecities,especiallyin

developingcountries.

5.此外，為了解決污染問題，我們應(yīng)該限制私人轎車的數(shù)量而增加公共汽車

的數(shù)量。

譯：Inaddition,inordertosolvethepollutionproblem,weshould

limitthenumberofprivatecarswhileincreasethenumberofpublic

buses.

X.Translatethefollowingsentencesin:oChinese.

1.Eachoftheseproblemshasseriouseffectsonourhealthand

well-beingaswellasonthewholeenvironment.

譯：這些問題已嚴重影響到我們的健康和幸福，也影響到整個環(huán)境。

2.Itiscausedbychemicalreactionsbetweenpollutantsderived

fromdifferentsources,primarilyautomobileexhaustandindustrial

emissions.

譯：它是由來源不同的污染物之間的化學反應(yīng)所導致，這些污染物主要是汽

車尾氣和工業(yè)廢氣。

3.Inmanycountriesintheworld,stepsarebeingtakentostop

thedamagetoourenvironmentfromairpollution.

譯：全世界許多國家正采取措施以制止空氣污染對環(huán)境的破壞。

4.Citiesareoftencentersofthesetypesofactivities,andmany

sufferfromtheeffectsofsmog,especiallyduringthewarmmonthscf

theyear.

譯：城市往往是這類活動的中心。許多人深受煙霧之害，尤其是在一年中溫

暖的幾個月中。

5.Researchershaveinvestigatedoutdoorairpollutionandhave

developedstandardsformeasuringthetypeandamountofsomeserious

airpollutants.

譯：研究人員已經(jīng)調(diào)查了室外的空氣污染，并制定了標準以計量一些導致嚴

重后果的空氣污染物的種類和數(shù)量。

XLReadingcomprehension.

*Inthisexercise,thereisapassagefollowedbysomemultiple-

choicequestions.Readthequestionsfirst,andthenthepassage.Den't

worryaboutanynewwordsaslongasyouunderstandthemeaningwell

enoughtoanswerthequestions.Thenanswerthequestionsbymakingthe

bestchoiceforeachone.

Oursurroundingsarebeingpollutedfasterthanthenatureand

man，spresenteffortscannotpreventit.Timeisbringingusmorepeople,

andmorepeoplewillbringusmoreindustry,morecars,largercities,

andgrowinguseofman-madematerials.

Whatcanexplainandsolvethisproblem?Thefactisthatthe

pollutioniscausedbyman-byhisdesireforamodernwayoflife.We

make，zincreasingindustrialization，zourchiefaim.Soweareoftenready

tooffereverything:cleanair,purewater,goodfood,ourhealthand

thefutureofourchildren.Thereisaconstantflowofpeoplefromthe

countrysideintothecities,eagerforthebenefitsofourmodern

society.Butasourtechnologicalachievementshavegrowninthelast

twentyyears,pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.

Isittimewestoppedtoaskourselveswherewearegoingandwhy?

Itmakesonethinkofthestoryabouttheairlinepilotwhotoldhis

passengersovertheloud-speaker:〃I'vcsomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.

Thegoodnewsisthatwe'remakingrapidprogressat530milesperhour.

Thebadnewsisthatwe'relostanddon，tknowwherewe'regoing.〃The

sadfactisthatthisbecomesatruestorywhenwespeakofourmodern

society.

1.Mancannotpreventtheworldfrombeingpolluted

because.

An.:C.wehavemoreindustry

2.Peoplecrowdintothecitiesfor.

An.:B.theyareanxioustoenjoy匚heachievementsofour

society

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesmanvalue（看重）most

amongthefollowing?

An.:A.Incustry.

4.Thestoryabouttheairlinepilottellsusthat.

An.:D.thewriterisworriedaboutthefutureofoursociety

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

An.:B.Lowerthespeedofdevelopmenttostoppollution.

PartThree:WriteandProduce

Exercises

I.Writeacompositionbasedonthetopic"TheCityinWhichI

Live”.

TheCityinWhichILive

IliveinBeijirg.ItisChina'ssecondlargestcityintermsof

population,afterShanghai.Itisamajortransportationcenter,with

dozensofrailways,roadsandexpresswaysenteringandleavingitinall

directions.Beijingisrecognizedasthepolitical,educational,and

culturalcenterofChina.Therearesuchplentyofbeautifulbuildings

andspotlightsastheGreatWall,SummerPalace,andOlympicPark.

Withthemodern,developedtrafficsystem,wefinditquiteeasyto

liveinthiscity.Therearealsomanyshoppingcenters,supermarkets

andentertainmentcenters,whichleadtoacomfortablelifeinBeijing.

Butthepopulationofthecityisincreasingrapidly.Sometimes,the

trafficisbusy.Itnaybringyousomedisappointment.Itisobvious

thattheairpollutionisbeingworseandworse.Thelivingenvironment

isn,tasniceasbefore.

IT.Writeacompositionbasedonthetopic"MyFavoritePerson”.

MyFavoritePerson

Nowadays,manyteenagershaveidolsof二heirown,someofthemlike

moviestars,somelikepopsingers.1alsohaveanidol,buttheperson

Iadmireisnotastar,it'smymother.

Sheisagenerous,goodnaturedandwarm-heartedwoman.Whenshe

smiles,herwholefacelightsup;hereyessparkled;Hersmilemakesme

feelgood,atease,somehowreassured.Sheisgoodatcooking.Sheoften

treatsmewithdeliciousdinners.WhenIhavetrouble,Ioftenturnto

herforhelp.Shealwayslistenstomepatientlyandencouragesmetodo

mybest.Sheusedtosay“Itdoesn,tmatterifyouwinornot.The

importantthingistodoyourbestandkeepgoing.”

Myfavoriteperson,anordinarytraditionalChinesewoman,butshe

isthegreatestwomaninmymind.Iwishmynotherhasahappy1ife

everyday.Ilovemymother.

PartFour:Pickupyourgrammar

Exercises

T.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowing

sentences.

1.Canyoufindcutherpen?

An.:C.whereAlicehasput

2.Youcan*timaginewhentheyreceivedthesegifts.

An.:B.howexcitedtheywere

3.Iwillgivethisbooktowantstohaveit.

An.:B.whoever

4.Idoubthewilllendyouthebook.

An.:A.whether

5.Wemustdowellthebossassignsustodo.

An.:B.whatever

6.Hanshasanewcar.Iwonderwhenit.

An.:A.hebought

7.Ihavenotfoundmybookyet.Infact,I'mnotsure

Icouldhaveclonewithit.

An.:D.what

8.ThereasonIplantogoisifIdon*t.

An.:B.thatshewillbeunhappy

9.Themusicwassoloud.That'sheleftthepartyso

early.

An.:B.why

10.Doyouknow?

An.:C.whattimethepartystarts

11.Thereasonweresolateis.

An.:C.thatthecarbrokedown

12.Doyouaretold;otherwiseyouwillbepunished.

An.:B.what

13.ThisisIwanttotellyou.

An.:D.what

14.Studentsinhisclasscannotunderstand.

An.:C.whatthissentencemeans

15.Wedon'tdoubthecanmakeagoodjobofit.

An.:B.that

II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.我想知道他是否會同意我的計劃。

An.:1wonderwhether/ifhewillagreeonmyplan.

2.問題是這部電影是否值得一看。

An.:Thequestioniswhetherthisfilmisworthwatching.

3.我們不知道誰會來當英語老師

An.:Wedon'tknowwhowillbeourEnglishteacher.

4.她建議他們下個月買輛新車。

An.:Shesuggeststhattheybuyanewcarnextmonth.

5.你知道這本字典是誰的嗎？

An.:Doyouknowwhosedictionaryitis?

6.她說她很快就會出國。

An.:Shesaid(that)shewouldgoabroadsoon.

7.這就是為什么瑪麗著急的原因。

An.:ThisiswhyMarywasworried.

8.老師告訴孩子們什么時候?qū)⑴e行運動會。

An.:Theteachertoldthechildrenwhenthesportsmeetingwouldbe

held.

9.我們都知道地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)這個真理。

An.:Weal1knowthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.

10.父母決定孩子們在什么地方露營。

An.:Theparentswilldecidewherethekidsaregoingtogocamping.

11.我知道他們是誰的學生。

An.:Iknowwhosestudentstheyare.

12.那就是他上大學的時候。

An.:Thatwaswhenhewenttotheuniversity.

13.我想知道美國人是怎么過周末的。

An.:IwonderhowtheAmericansspendtheirweekends.

14.母親說星期天要來看我，讓我在家等她。

An.:Mothersaid(that)shewillpaymeavisitonSundayand(that)

Ishouldwaitforherathome.

15.我們必須決定什么時候動身。

An.:Wehavetodecidewhenwewillsetoff.

Unit2

PartTwo:ReadandPractice

ReadandThink

11.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.

1.WhatdothethreeRsmean?

An.:Reinforce:reinforcingreliefandadaptationbeforetheevent

throughgoodplanningcommunicationandregulations;

Rescue:executir.ganeffectiverescueduringthecrisis;

Recovery:supportingalong-termregionalrecoverytolessenthe

disruptivesocialandeconomicimpacts.

2.Whatlevelsareincludedinrescue?

An.:Rescueoperatesattwolevels:governmentandsociety.

3.Whatshouldthegovernmentdointherescueoperation?

An.:First,thegovernmentshouldgiveclear,feasiblecommandand

controlstructure;second,itshouldprovidegoodcommunicationsbetween

rescuersandthoseaffected.

4.Whatshouldthesocietydointhereinforceoperation?

An.:Thesociety,ontheonehand,shouldraisepublicawarenessof

disasterplanandcitizenparticipation;ontheotherhand,society

shouldestablishlarge,awaresocialnetworks.

5.WhatdidChinadotodealwithtyphoonswhichhitcoastal

southeastChinainthesummerof2006?

An.:Attheheightofthebiggesttyphoon,thegovernmentusedall

meanspossible,includingTV,theinternetandtextmessagestogetthe

wordoutaboutescaperoutes.Inall,morethan1.5millionpeoplewere

evacuated,40,000shipswererecalledtoportsandallbusiness'not

relatedtofightingthetyphoon"wassuspended.Societydidnotbreak

clownandalllevelsofgovernment,includingthemilitary,cametogether

toeffectivelylimitadditionalcostandsuffering.

III.Putinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.

Thehuman,economic,political,andsecuritycostofenvironmental

changecanbecutdownatthreestages:reinforce,rescueandrecovery,

eachofwhichoperatesattwolevels:governmentandsociety.Itis

worthnoting,however,thatcountrieswithastronggovernment

responseneedtobecarefultoincludethepopulationinthe

resilience,rescueandrecoveryprocess,otherwiseitwillendupwith

apopulationthatisincapableofself-reliance.Thereexistawide

rangeofadaptivecapabilities,andsomeoftherichestcountriescan

learnfromafewofthepoorest.Therearcalsovariedmeasuresthatcan

betakenduringtherecoveryphasetohelplong-termstability.Ina

worldofenvironmentalchange,limitinglosswillbejustasimportant

aspromotinggrowth.

ReadandComplete

TV.Spel1thefollowingwordswiththehelpoftheirmeaningsand

firstletters.

1.securityn.thestateofbeingfreefromdanger

orinjury

2.effectivea.abletoaccomplishapurpose

3.reinforcev.tomakestronger

4.adaptationn.theprocessofadaptingtosomething(such

asenvironmentalconditions

5.adequatea.enoughtomeetapurpose

6.disastern.aneventresultingingreatlossand

misfortune

7.rescuen.recoveryorpreservationfromlossor

danger

8.crisisn.anunstablesituationorextreme

dangerordifficulty

9.lessenV.todecreaseinsize,extent,orrange

10.routen.anestablishedlineoftravelor

access

V.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththewordsyou

havelearnedinthetext.

1.Theseplantswillnotsurvivewithoutsun.

2.Pleasediscusswhethertheseproposalsarefeasib1e

3.There'salifevestunderyourseatforwateremergencies

4.Theymakeaquickresponsetohisinquiry

5.Peopleoftenfocusonbuildingrelationshipswithothersthat

theyforgettheessentialfirststep:beingfriendsofthemselves.

VI.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordsandexpressionsgiven

below,changingtheformifnecessary.

1.Thecity'sroadsystemisincapableofhand!ingthecurrent

volumeoftraffic.

2.Ifthecorporationwantstoincreaseitsprofit,itmustreduce

operatingexpense.

3.Theconstructionofthebridgehasbeensuspendedduetothe

snowstorm.

4.SomeofthemdidnotgetachancetoseetheOlympicflame

becauseoftheroutechanges,butwe,indeed,feeltheirpassionfor

ChinaandtheOlympics.

5.Ingeneralmostworkerswereinfavorofa(n)incentivescheme

offeringfinancialrewards.

6.Acollege-levelcourseofstudyintendedtoprovidestudents

withgeneralacademicknowledgeratherthanoccupationaltraining.

7.Therescueworkers'attentionisnowturningtowardsthe

recoveryofbodiesfromtherubbleandprovidingfood,shelterand

drinkingwaterforthesurvivors.

8.Hehidesbehinddoororcreepsunderatabletoescapefromhis

enemies.

9.Hesometimesemploysstudentstodistributesamplesoftheir

products.

10.Thisyear'sAsianoildemandintotalwillamountto582,000

morebarrelsofoiladay.

VII.Wordbuilding.

Nowadd-ifytoeachofthewordsbelowandthencompleteeachof

thefollowingsentenceswithoneofthefinishedwords.

Purc-purify;simplc-simplify;beautiful-bcautify;test-testify;

just-justify;dignity-dignify;magnitude-magnify;notice-

notify;identity-identify;clarity-clarify;

1.Thisreporttendstomagnifytherisksinvolved.

2.Themanagerisgoingtobeautifytheworkshop*sinnerdecoration.

3.Trytosimplifyyourexplanationforthechildren.

4.Youwillbenotifiedofanychangesinthesystem.

5.Icannotdignifyhimwiththename"physician”.

6.rminchargehere;Idon'thavetojustifymyselftoyou.

7.Canyoutestifythatyousawthedefendantatthesceneofthe

crime?

8.Thereportaimstoclarifyhowtheseconclusionswerereached.

9.Theliquidispurifiedbypassingitthroughcharcoal.

10.Scientistshaveidentifiedthegenethatcausesabnormalgrowth.

VIII.PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglish

sentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentences.

1.示例：Thus,sixareasaremadethatcanbeworkedontocreate

betterdefensesagainstenvironmentalchange.

InthenextseveralyearstherecanbelOdifferentresearchgroup

workontheproject.

這些年來，科學家們一直致力于改善環(huán)境的研究。

譯：Throughtheyears,thescientistshavebeenworkingonthe

researchofimprovingtheenvironment.

我愿借此機會感謝每一位為這個項目辛勤工作的人。

譯：I'dliketotakethisopportunitytothankeveryonefortheir

hardworkontheproject.

2.示例：ByAugust11,ithadbeenhitbyeighttyphoons,including

themostpowerfuloneinhalf-a-century.

HowmanyEnglishsongshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?

到十歲時，他已學了約1000個英語單詞。

譯：Bythetimehewasten,hehadlearntabout1,000Englishwords.

到上周末他們已完成了工作。

譯：Theyhadfinishedtheirworkbytheendoflastweek.

3.示例：Attheheightofthebiggesttyphoon,thegovernmentused

al1meanspossible,includingTV,theInternetandtextmessagestoget

thewordoutaboutescaperoutes.

Shewasattheheightofsuccessindivingattheageof17.

在暴風雨最狂烈的時候，我聽到有人喊救命。

譯：Attheheightofthestorm,Iheardsomeonecryingforhelp.

當初他紅極一時。

譯：Hewasthenattheheightofhispopularity.

4.示例：Whatisneededistoprovideinformationandadequate

responsepatternsthroughoutpopulations.

Whatthepresshasreportedisonlythetipoficeberg.

造成這場事故的原因仍然是個謎。

譯：Whatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.

我們得不到的似乎比我們擁有的好得多。

譯：Whatwecan,tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

5.示例：Reliefoperationswerecarriedoutacross15locations,

reaching20000people.

Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.

她坐在窗戶旁邊讀報紙。

譯：Shesatbythewindow,readinganewspaper.

他整夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個問題。

譯：Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.

IX.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.他們既不追名，又不求利。

譯：Theyseekneitherfamenorfortune.

2.只有通過這種辦法，我才能在今天下午5點到這里。

譯：Onlybythismeanswillyoubeherebyfiveo*clockthis

afternoon.

3.火車下午6點開，所以我最晚5：40趕到車站。

譯：Thetrainleavesat6:00pm.SoIhavetobeatthestationby

5:40atthelatest.

4.他所說的并不重要，重要的是都知道這些規(guī)則

譯：Whathesaysisnotimpo