譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊(cè)UNIT4 Period4課件

Period4

UNIT4

Exploringpoetry主題語境人與社會(huì)——詩歌領(lǐng)域的代表性作品和人物課時(shí)學(xué)案單元語法講練(Grammarandusage)break

down

損壞；使分解；出故障break

in 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；插嘴，打斷break

into 強(qiáng)行闖入；突然開始break

out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)break

away

from 從(政黨、組織等)脫離出去；從……中逃脫/掙脫；

離開(家、家庭或工作)1．break

with

sth．與某事終止關(guān)聯(lián)，破除[即學(xué)即練]

完成句子①警察抓住那扒手的手臂，卻被他掙脫逃走了。The

pickpocket

________________________________

who

had

been

holding

his

arm．②別人說話的時(shí)候千萬別插嘴。Never

_______

while

others

are

talking．③那幢樓里的電梯總出故障。The

elevators

in

that

building

_____________________．brokeawayfromthepolicemanbreakinarealwaysbreakingdownadvocate

sth．

提倡某事advocate

doing

sth．

提倡做某事advocate

that

sb．(should)

do

sth．提倡某人應(yīng)該做某事2．a(chǎn)dvocate

vt．擁護(hù)，支持，提倡

n．擁護(hù)者，支持者；辯護(hù)律師[即學(xué)即練]

單句語法填空/一句多譯①M(fèi)any

experts

advocate

_________

(reward)

your

child

for

good

behavior．②為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們提倡回收和再利用紙張和塑料。a．In

order

to

protect

our

environment，we

advocate

_____________________________________．b．In

order

to

protect

our

environment，we

advocate

that

___________________________________________．rewardingrecyclingandreusingpaperandplasticspaperandplastics(should)berecycledandreused

have

belief

in

sth．/sb．

對(duì)某事/某人有信心beyond

belief 難以置信in

the

belief

that... 相信……It

is

my

belief

that... 我相信……3．belief

n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心[即學(xué)即練]

單句語法填空/完成句子①We

are

a

young

team

but

I

have

great

belief

__

these

players．②His

success

was

______

belief

since

his

competitor

was

so

experienced．③我相信這些歷史劇有吸引力，容易理解。________________

the

historical

plays

are

attractive

and

easy

to

understand．inbeyondItismybeliefthatP481．_____________________

用新的且不同的方式2．__________________________________

與18世紀(jì)的觀念決裂3．________________________

拒絕遵守死板的規(guī)則4．______________________________________

強(qiáng)調(diào)想象力的重要性innewanddifferentwaysbreakwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturyrefusetofollowrigidrulesputemphasisontheimportanceofimagination5．________________

回到過去6．__________________________________

經(jīng)歷被稱為工業(yè)化的過程7．______________________________

對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情感到高興8．_________________________

提倡回歸自然9．_________

結(jié)果10．______________________

成為一個(gè)常見的主題areturntothepastundergoaprocesscalledindustrializationbepleasedwithwhatwashappeningadvocategoingbacktonatureasaresultbecomeacommonthemeP491．_____________

關(guān)注自然2．________________

獲得學(xué)位3．_____________

很多想法4．__________________

成為親密朋友5．___________________

對(duì)……有巨大的影響6．__________________

詩集7．____________________

表達(dá)他們的感受8．________________________

更喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下focusonnaturereceivehisdegreeplentyofideasbecomeclosefriendshaveahugeimpactonacollectionofpoemsexpresstheirfeelingspreferlivinginthecountry非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語、定語和狀語[觀察例句]觀察例句并指出黑體部分的語法作用1．I

heard

her

sing

an

English

song

just

now． ______2．He

left，leaving

me

to

do

all

the

rest

work． ______3．Have

you

read

the

novel

written

by

Dickens？ ______4．They

went

there

to

visit

their

teacher． ______5．Having

been

told

many

times，he

still

repeated

the

same

mistake．

______作補(bǔ)語作狀語作定語作狀語作狀語[歸納用法]一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語1．感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，observe，look

at，notice，hear，listen

to等和使役動(dòng)詞have，let，make后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語有三種動(dòng)詞形式，即動(dòng)詞原形(不帶to

的不定式)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式。動(dòng)詞-ing形式表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，動(dòng)詞-ed形式表被動(dòng)或完成，動(dòng)詞原形表主動(dòng)和完成的全過程。如：I

heard

her

singing

a

song

when

I

passed

by

her

room

yesterday．昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱歌。I

have

heard

the

English

song

sung

many

times．我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。2．注意在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用不帶to

的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to。She

was

seen

to

enter

the

manager's

office

ten

minutes

ago．有人看見她十分鐘前進(jìn)入了經(jīng)理的辦公室。[名師點(diǎn)津]

“notice/watch

sb．do

sth．”沒有相對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3．不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語只表完成和狀態(tài)。如：I

looked

down

at

my

neck

and

found

my

necklace

gone．(狀態(tài))我低頭看我的脖子，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的項(xiàng)鏈不見了。I

was

surprised

to

find

my

hometown

changed

so

much．(完成)我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)我的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。4．leave后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。如：It's

wrong

of

you

to

leave

the

machine

running．你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對(duì)的。The

guests

left

most

of

the

dishes

untouched，because

they

didn't

taste

delicious．大部分菜客人們都沒有動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儑L起來不可口。Leave

the

rice

to

cook

for

20

minutes．把大米煮20分鐘。[名師點(diǎn)津]

在以上可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，當(dāng)其變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)原在句子中作賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞將變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]

單句語法填空①At

the

party，the

pretty

girl

wore

a

very

attractive

skirt

to

make

herself

_______

(notice)．②As

Ginni

Bazlinton

reached

Antarctica，she

found

herself

______

(greet)

by

a

group

of

little

Gentoo

penguins

(企鵝)

longing

to

say

hello．③They

told

me

that

they

had

seen

two

deer

________

(drink)

by

the

riverside．noticedgreeteddrinking二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1．不定式作定語(1)被修飾的名詞或代詞就是不定式的邏輯主語，在時(shí)間上一般表將來動(dòng)作；通常用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no，all，any

等限定的中心詞，以及不定代詞。如：I

borrowed

some

books

to

read

during

my

holiday．我在假期里借了一些書看。He

is

the

best

man

to

do

the

job．他是最適合做這個(gè)工作的人。(2)另外，不定式常用來修飾ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time

等抽象名詞。如：Do

you

have

the

ability

to

read

and

write

English?你有讀寫英語的能力嗎？I

have

a

chance

to

go

sightseeing．我有一個(gè)去觀光的機(jī)會(huì)。[名師點(diǎn)津]

①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面常需搭配相應(yīng)的介詞。

如：Do

you

have

enough

paper

to

write

on?你有足夠多的紙來寫字嗎？The

Browns

have

a

comfortable

house

to

live

in．布朗一家有個(gè)舒適的房子住著。②當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞與該不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have

you

anything

to

send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？(不定式to

send

的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”)Have

you

anything

to

be

sent?你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎？(不定式to

be

sent

的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語表示主動(dòng)的、正在發(fā)生的事，動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事或表示被動(dòng)意義。如：I

have

never

seen

a

more

moving

movie．我從未看過比這更感人的電影。The

houses

being

built

are

for

the

teachers．正在建造的房子是給老師的。The

broken

glass

is

Tom's．被打碎的玻璃杯是湯姆的。(2)作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示已經(jīng)完成。如：falling

leaves

正在落下的葉子fallen

leaves

落下的葉子boiling

water

正沸騰的水boiled

water

沸騰過的水(白開水)[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]

單句語法填空①If

you

hand

in

your

homework

late，attach

a

note

__________

(explain)

the

reason

for

the

delay．②The

airport

_____________

(complete)

next

year

will

help

promote

tourism

in

this

area．③A

visually-challenged

man

from

Beijing

recently

hiked

(徒步)

40

days

to

Xi'an，as

a

first

step

_________

(journey)

the

Belt

and

Road

route

(路線)

by

foot．④“...It

can

help

to

build

a

community

with

a

______

(share)

future

for

mankind，”he

said．explainingtobecompletedtojourneyshared三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語1．不定式作狀語He

sat

down

to

have

a

rest．(表目的)他坐下來休息。He

woke

up

only

to

find

everybody

had

gone．他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。(表結(jié)果)[名師點(diǎn)津]

(1)某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂的形容詞作表語時(shí)，其后的不定式作原因狀語。如：I

am

very

glad

to

see

you．我非常高興見到你。(2)在帶有enough

或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語，表示程度。如：He

was

too

excited

not

to

say

a

few

words．他太激動(dòng)了，不會(huì)不講幾句話的。2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。如：Hearing

the

news，they

got

excited．聽到這個(gè)消息，他們非常興奮。(時(shí)間)Working

hard，you

will

succeed．努力工作，你會(huì)成功的。(條件)[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]

單句語法填空①____________

(strengthen)

the

connection

with

young

people，the

event

included

a

number

of

public

promotional

activities

on

social

media，inviting

twenty-nine

tea

professionals

from

around

the

world

to

have

thirty-six

hours

of

uninterrupted

live

broadcasts．②He

hurried

to

the

train

station

only

_______(find)

the

train

had

left．Tostrengthentofind③__________

(surround)

by

beautiful

green

mountains，this

area

is

a

famous

tourist

attraction．④_____________

(cover)

an

area

about

three

times

the

size

of

Yellowstone

National

Park，the

GPNP

will

be

one

of

the

first

national

parks

in

the

country．SurroundedCovering⑤The

plan

will

extend

protection

to

a

significant

number

of

areas

that

were

previously

unprotected，bringing

many

of

the

existing

protected

areas

for

giant

pandas

under

one

authority

__________

(increase)

effectiveness

and

reduce

inconsistencies

in

management．toincrease短文語法填空On

your

46th

birthday，Mom

gave

me

the

letter

1．_______

(write)

by

you．In

your

letter，you

said

you

were

looking

forward

to

2．______

(see)

me

fighting

for

my

future

bravely

and

doing

well

for

myself

and

others．writtenseeingAfter

3．_______

(read)

this

letter，I

feel

quite

4．_______

(shock)

at

your

expectations

of

me．I

also

feel

ashamed

of

not

5．_____________________________

(perform)

well

to

meet

your

demands

before．I

still

remember

when

I

was

in

primary

school，I

failed

6．___________

(apply)

myself

to

studying．You

didn't

blame

me

at

all．Instead，you

taught

me

that

7．________

(study)

was

the

most

important

object

at

the

moment

and

encouraged

me

8．_____

(try)

hard．Only

when

I

read

your

letter

did

I

realize

that

I

behaved

so

badly

at

that

time

and

you

were

so

sad

9．________(find)

I

didn't

do

well

for

myself．I

can't

help

10．__________

(express)

my

gratitude．readingshockedperforming/havingperformedtoapplystudyingtotrytofindexpressing①reach

out

for伸手去拿②dare

vi．&

vt．敢于，膽敢；激(某人做某事)③for

fear

of生怕；免得④dweller

n．居民，居住者⑤striking

adj．引人注目的，顯著的；嫵媚動(dòng)人的，標(biāo)致的striking

imagination驚人的想象力課下預(yù)習(xí)第二篇課文(Extendedreading)⑥characterize

vt．是……的特征，以……為典型；使……具有特點(diǎn)；描述，刻畫⑦contribute

to有助于；捐獻(xiàn)；帶來，促成⑧of

different

schools不同學(xué)派的⑨Confucianism

n．儒家，儒學(xué)，孔子學(xué)說⑩Taoism

n．道教，道家?legend

n．傳說，傳奇故事；傳奇人物?familiarize

oneself

with使自己熟悉?more

importantly更重要的是?in

one's

early

twenties在某人二十出頭的時(shí)候?encounter

vt．偶然碰到，意外地遇見；遭遇，碰到

n．相遇，遭遇，沖突encounter

different

customs

and

practices遇見不同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣?nourish

vt．培養(yǎng)，助長；撫養(yǎng)，滋養(yǎng)?numerous

adj．眾多的，許多的?be

rooted

in根源在于；植根于?glorious

adj．榮耀的，光榮的；壯麗的，輝煌的?boom

n．(貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的)激增，繁榮

vi．迅速發(fā)展，激增，繁榮昌盛economic

boom經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮?stability

n．穩(wěn)定(性)，穩(wěn)固(性)social

stability社會(huì)穩(wěn)定?tolerant

adj．寬容的，容忍的；能耐……的?liberty

n．自由?unconstrained

adj．不受約束的，自由的?in

turn反過來；轉(zhuǎn)而；輪流，依次?have

a

huge

impact

on對(duì)……有巨大的影響?given

his

personal

experiences鑒于他的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷?the

majority

of……的大多數(shù)?vitality

n．生命力，活力，熱情breathe

vitality

into為……注入活力?distinguish

vt．&

vi．成為……的特征，使有別于；區(qū)分，辨別；認(rèn)出；使出眾distinguish...from區(qū)別……，辨別……?exaggeration

n．夸張，夸大?metaphor

n．暗喻，隱喻?representative

adj．典型的，有代表性的

n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表be

representative

of代表?frost

n．霜；霜凍，嚴(yán)寒天氣?cast

vt．投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投，拋；選派角色

n．全體演員；投，拋?owe

vt．欠(情)；欠(債)?debt

n．人情債，情義，恩情；借款，欠款，債務(wù)?fascinate

vt．&

vi．深深吸引，迷住?entitle

vt．給……命名；使享有權(quán)利，使符合資格Li

Bai

and

his

romantic

poetryA

hundred

feet

the

temple

towers；I

can

reach

out

for①

the

stars

in

the

sky．But

I

dare②

not

speak

in

a

voice

loud，F(xiàn)or

fear

of③

scaring

dwellers④

on

high．(“A

Night

Stay

at

a

Mountain

Temple”)It

is

believed

that

this

poem

was

written

by

Li

Bai

in

his

teenage

years．[1]

With

striking⑤

imagination

in

expressions

like“scaring

dwellers

on

high”，this

early

poem

already

displayed

signs

of

a

romantic

style，which

was

later

to

characterize⑥

Li

Bai's

poetry．[1]本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that從句。Li

Bai's

love

of

reading

and

travelling

from

an

early

age

contributed

to⑦

his

romantic

style．He

started

studying

the

classics

when

he

was

only

five

years

old,

and

was

reading

ancient

philosophers

of

different

schools⑧

at

the

age

of

ten,

including

Confucianism⑨and

Taoism⑩．[2]

By

reading

books

of

all

kinds，from

legends?

to

historical

stories，he

familiarized

himself

with?

classical

Chinese

culture，and

more

importantly?，he

acquired

the

wisdom

of

previous

generations．[2]本句中動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語studying

the

classics

作動(dòng)詞started的賓語，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Driven

by

a

burning

desire

for

adventure

and

travel，Li

Bai

left

home

and

started

to

travel

around

in

his

early

twenties?．His

footsteps

covered

almost

the

whole

country．During

his

travels，he

visited

famous

mountains

and

great

rivers，encountering?

different

customs

and

practices[3]．These

travelling

experiences

also

nourished?

his

love

of

nature

and

inspired

him

to

write

numerous?poems

in

the

romantic

style．[3]動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作伴隨狀語。Li

Bai's

romantic

style

was

also

deeply

rooted

in?

the

social

and

historical

context

in

which

he

lived．Li

Bai

grew

up

in

the

most

glorious?

period

of

the

Tang

Dynasty，a

time

of

economic

boom?

and

social

stability?．This

open

and

tolerant?

atmosphere

allowed

Li

Bai

the

liberty?

to

develop

a

free

and

unconstrained?

personality，which,

in

turn?，had

a

huge

impact

on?

his

poetic

production[4]．[4]

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞personality。Given

his

personal

experiences?

and

the

historical

background,

it

is

only

natural

to

see

that

the

majority

of?

Li

Bai's

poems

are

characterized

by

the

romantic

style．[5]

Even

the

most

uninformed

reader

would

not

fail

to

be

impressed

by

the

poet's

rich

imagination．The

moonand

stars

in

the

sky，the

natural

landscape

and

the

figures

in

legends

all

become

a

vehicle

for

his

imagination．Equally

impressive

is

Li

Bai's

free

expression

of

strong

feelings,

which

breathes

vitality?

into

the

lifeless

objects

he

describes,

and

which

distinguishes?

him

from

other

landscape

poets．[6]

These

features

are

inseparable

from

Li

Bai's

wide

use

of

exaggeration?，metaphor?

and

other

artistic

techniques．The

poem

below，written

in

his

fifties，is

representative?

of

his

romantic

style：My

silver

hair

is

three

thousand

feet

long，Because

my

sorrow

is

deep

and

strong．How

can

the

autumn

frost?

whiteBe

cast?

into

the

mirror

bright?(“Autumn

Frost”)[5]本句中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式短語to

see...，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。[6]本句中主句為倒裝句，正常語序?yàn)長i

Bai's

free

expression

of

strong

feelings

is

equally