2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題01名詞專練一含解析

PAGEPAGE12024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)名詞專練（一）一、基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)測(cè)試（本題共30小題，每題1分，共30分）1.Wewouldmuchappreciate________(guide)fromanexpertinthisfield.【答案】guidance【解析】考查名詞。句意：我們特別感謝該領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业闹笇?dǎo)。依據(jù)句意可知，空處需用名詞作appreciate的賓語(yǔ)；guide的名詞形式是guidance。故填guidance.2.Theyoften

give______(perform)

in

pubs

at

weekends.【答案】?performances【解析】?考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：他們常常在周末去酒吧表演。performance，名詞，表演。give是及物動(dòng)詞，后面加名詞或者代詞。依據(jù)They

often可知，用復(fù)數(shù)，故填performances.3.Tomwasdoinghishomeworkandtheboyswhowereplayingoutsidehishouseadded_______(anxious)tohim.【答案】anxiety【解析】考查名詞。句意：湯姆正在做家庭作業(yè)，在他家外面玩的孩子們給他增加了焦慮。anxiety焦慮；令人焦慮的事，anxiety作“令人焦急、焦慮的事”解，是可數(shù)名詞，引申可表示為某事焦慮，常譯成“渴望，熱望，焦慮”，是不行數(shù)名詞。故填anxiety.

4.Weallhavean________(expect)thathecanpassthedrivingtestnextweek.【答案】expectation【解析】考查名詞。句意：我們都期盼著他下周能通過(guò)駕照考試。本空要運(yùn)用名詞做賓語(yǔ)，名詞expectation“期盼”是可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)an可知，運(yùn)用單數(shù)形式，故填expectation.5.Wehadno______(hesitate)inhelpingthesuffererswhentheterribleearthquakehitthecountry.【答案】hesitation【解析】考查名詞和固定搭配。句意：當(dāng)可怕的地震攻擊這個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí)，我們堅(jiān)決果斷地幫助災(zāi)民。havenohesitationindoingsth.堅(jiān)決果斷地做某事，固定搭配。故填hesitation.6.The________(arrive)oftheplanehasbeendelayedduetothefog.【答案】arrival【解析】考查名詞。此處用名詞作主語(yǔ)，arrival名詞，到達(dá)。故填arrival.7.Inmanywaysmy___________(disable)hashelpedmegrowstrongerpsychologicallyandbecomemoreindependent.【答案】disability【解析】考查名詞。句意：在很多方面，我的殘疾幫助我在心理上變得更強(qiáng)大，變得更獨(dú)立。形容詞性物主代詞后跟名詞形式，disable的名詞形式是disability，依據(jù)has可知，此處運(yùn)用其單數(shù)形式，故填disability.

8.ComparedtotheadvantagesoftheInternet,thoseofthetelevisionalonewillnotbeenoughtoensureits_____________(survive),andmanypeoplethinkthelatterwillbereplaced.【答案】survival【解析】考查名詞。句意：與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)相比，光靠電視的優(yōu)勢(shì)不足以保證其生存，很多人認(rèn)為后者將被取代。its是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞，survive是動(dòng)詞，其名詞是survival，意為：幸存，生存。故填survival.9.You'dbettertakeintoaccountyourown________(strong)andweaknessesbeforechoosingamajor.【答案】strengths【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：在選擇專業(yè)之前，你最好考慮一下你自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。your是形容詞性物主代詞，后面要接名詞；strength力氣，優(yōu)勢(shì)，可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)后面的andweaknesses可知，此處應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填strengths.10.Thelittleboywascuriousabouteverythingaroundhim,andhisparentsalwayssatisfiedhis________(curious).【答案】?curiosity【解析】句意：這個(gè)小男孩對(duì)他四周的一切事物都很新奇，他的父母總是滿意他的新奇心。his為形容詞性物主代詞，后面需接名詞，curiosity新奇心，不行數(shù)名詞。故填curiosity.11.Ilikediscoveringthe________(different)betweendifferentcultures.【答案】difference【解析】考查名詞。句意：我喜愛(ài)發(fā)覺(jué)不同文化之間的差異。依據(jù)the可知，此處用名詞做賓語(yǔ)，difference差異，故填difference.12.Theheadmasterdidn’tseemtobeawarethatthereshouldhavebeensomuch

_____(disagree)aboutthedecision.【答案】disagreement【解析】考查不行數(shù)名詞。much修飾不行數(shù)名詞，disagree不同意，反對(duì)，動(dòng)詞原形。disagreement不同意，反對(duì)，不行數(shù)名詞。故填disagreement.

13.Sorry,Ican'treadthe______(express)onherface.【答案】?

expression【解析】考查名詞。結(jié)合句意”對(duì)不起，我無(wú)法理解她臉上的表情。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用名詞作賓語(yǔ)；express的名詞是expression“表情”，此處表示特指她臉上的表情需用單數(shù)。故填expression.14.Reachingthisagreementsoquicklywasagreat________(achieve).【答案】achievement【解析】考查名詞。句意：如此快速地達(dá)成這項(xiàng)協(xié)議是一項(xiàng)了不得的成就。great了不得的，形容詞，后需接名詞；achieve的名詞是achievement，成就，可數(shù)名詞，由空前不定冠詞a可知，空處名詞用單數(shù)形式。故填achievement.

15.Thevillagershereallrespecthimforhis____________(devote)tothehealthcare.【答案】devotion【解析】考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：這里的村民都敬重他對(duì)醫(yī)療保健的獻(xiàn)身精神。devotion譯為奉獻(xiàn)，忠誠(chéng)，是不行數(shù)名詞；his后應(yīng)接名詞形式，故填devotion.16.Theywerenotintheleastworriedaboutthe______(possible)thatsweetscouldrottheteeth.【答案】possibility【解析】考查名詞。句意：他們一點(diǎn)也不擔(dān)憂糖果有可能會(huì)腐蝕牙齒。由空前的the可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用提示詞的名詞形式，作wereworriedabout的賓語(yǔ)。possibility“可能性，可能發(fā)生的事物”，故填possibility.

17.Thegirlkeptworkinghardandgained________(admit)totheworld-famousuniversity.【答案】admission【解析】句意：這個(gè)女孩接著努力學(xué)習(xí)，考上了那所世界聞名的高校。由后文theworld-famousuniversity可知，此處應(yīng)是“上高?！?，admissionto允許進(jìn)入，固定短語(yǔ)。結(jié)合句意，故填admission.

18.Anyhowtheydidn’ttrustme,sotheydidn’tdeservea(an)______________(explain).【答案】explanation【解析】考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：不管怎樣他們都不信任我，所以他們不值得說(shuō)明。a(an)后加名詞單數(shù)形式，故填explanation.19.Iexplainedthateachpersonhasdifferentideasofwhat___________(free)is.【答案】?freedom【解析】句意：我說(shuō)明說(shuō)，每個(gè)人對(duì)自由有不同的理解。free形容詞，自由的，其名詞形式是freedom（自由）。結(jié)合句意可知，本空應(yīng)當(dāng)是名詞形式。故填freedom.20.Thevillagewherehewasbornhaschangedbeyond(介詞/超出)__________(recognize).【答案】recognition【解析】考查不行數(shù)名詞。beyond是介詞，后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)，recognize認(rèn)出，是動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式是recognition，beyondrecognition無(wú)法分辨，故填recognition.21.Therehasbeenno__________(respond)tohisremarksfromthegovernment.【答案】response【解析】句意：政府沒(méi)有對(duì)他的言論作出回應(yīng)。havenoresponseto...對(duì)……沒(méi)有回應(yīng)，固定短語(yǔ)，故填response.22.Variationsofthisprogrammecanbearrangedtosuityour

(require).【答案】requirements【解析】考查名詞。句意：這個(gè)節(jié)目的改變可以依據(jù)你的要求支配。requirement“要求，須要”，可數(shù)名詞；由空前的your可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用提示詞的名詞形式。此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式表示一類事物。故填requirements.23.Differentpersonshavedifferent_________(believe).【答案】beliefs【解析】考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。different后跟名詞，believe的名詞是belief，意為“信仰，信念”，由different可知，belief應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)，即beliefs。故填beliefs.24.Myparentsareinahuge________(argue),andIamreallyupsetaboutit.【答案】argument【解析】考查名詞單數(shù)。形容詞修飾名詞，依據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a可知，此處用名詞單數(shù)，argument爭(zhēng)辯。故填argument.

25.Wehaveourfurnituremovedtothenewhousewhenthe________(decorate)ofthehouseisfinished.【答案】decoration【解析】考查名詞。句意：房子裝修完畢后，我們把家具搬到新居子里去了。定冠詞the后要運(yùn)用其名詞形式，decoration裝飾，裝修，不行數(shù)名詞。結(jié)合句意，故填decoration.

26.Notonlyfoodandclothingbutalsomedical____________(treat)hasbeenprovidedforthepeoplewhoneeditinthefloodedareas.【答案】treatment【解析】考查名詞。句意：不僅為受災(zāi)地區(qū)的人們供應(yīng)了食物和衣服，而且還為他們供應(yīng)了醫(yī)療服務(wù)。結(jié)合句意和空格前的形容詞medical可知，此處應(yīng)是treat的名詞形式treatment，故填treatment.27.Iregard________(creative)bothasagiftandasaskill.【答案】creativity【解析】句意：我認(rèn)為創(chuàng)建力既是一種天賦，也是一種技能。regardsth.as...把某事物看作……，regard后接名詞，creativity創(chuàng)建性，為不行數(shù)名詞，故填creativity.28.Helostthe________(elect)byonevote.【答案】election【解析】句意：他因一票之差落選了。分析句子可知，空格處做lost的賓語(yǔ)，且前面有定冠詞，所以，要用名詞。elect的名詞election“選舉”。故填election.29.Nowadays,concertsheldinsportsstadiumarecommon,anditseemsthateveryfew__________(year)thereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.【答案】years【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：如今，在體育場(chǎng)實(shí)行音樂(lè)會(huì)是很常見(jiàn)的，好像每隔幾年就會(huì)有一個(gè)新的男孩樂(lè)隊(duì)試圖重現(xiàn)披頭士的魔力。year年，名詞；everyfew修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填years。30.Visitorswerestruckbythenaturalsceneryhere,whichwasbeautifulbeyond______.(describe)【答案】description【解析】考查名詞及固定短語(yǔ)。句意：游客們被這里的自然風(fēng)光所吸引，那是無(wú)法形容的漂亮。beyond

description是固定短語(yǔ)，意為”無(wú)法形容“，故填description.二、真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（本題共10小題，每題1.5分，共15分）1.（2024全國(guó)卷III）Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_______________(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.【答案】competition【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：當(dāng)他們下班后，他們邀請(qǐng)我們參與當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)，他們告知我們一個(gè)好玩的競(jìng)賽可以觀看，以及背后的故事。由空格前的interesting形容詞，修飾名詞。故填competition.2.（2024高考全國(guó)卷I）Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall

(cause).【答案】causes【解析】考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的改變。句意：每天跑步只需5到10分鐘，就能降低患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和因各種緣由導(dǎo)致的的早期死亡。cause是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，表示“緣由”，由空格前的all可知，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填causes.3.(2024·高考浙江卷)MakingChinese(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。依據(jù)修飾詞Chinese可知用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)dishes，表示"中國(guó)菜"。4.(2024·高考全國(guó)III卷)I’ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【答案】scientist【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:我是探討猿和猴子等動(dòng)物的科學(xué)家。設(shè)空處作表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份;依據(jù)提示詞science可知填scientist.5.(2024·高考北京卷)Thisswitchhasdecreased(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.【答案】pollution【解析】考查詞性的改變。句意：這種改變已經(jīng)削減了中國(guó)主要湖泊和水庫(kù)的污染,使人們的飲用水變得更平安了?？崭裉幾鱠ecreased的賓語(yǔ),故運(yùn)用pollute的名詞形式，故填pollution.6.(2024·高考全國(guó)卷I)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)as

amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside

(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.【答案】effects【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。這種趨勢(shì)有些非支配的副作用,如超重和心臟病。sideeffect表示“副作用”,為可數(shù)名詞,依據(jù)suchasoverweightandheartdisease可知,副作用有多種,故填復(fù)數(shù)形式effects.7.(2024·高考全國(guó)II卷)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible

(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名詞。avoid“避開(kāi)”后可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。因?yàn)榇丝涨坝行稳菰~terrible修飾,故解除動(dòng)名詞形式;crowd作“人群”解時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞,故需用復(fù)數(shù)形式crowds.(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires，Asia'sbiggestbuilding，andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop(attract)．【答案】attraction【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：但是，像我這樣的游客，熊貓是頭等的有吸引力的事物。該空作are的表語(yǔ)，用名詞，所以填attraction.9.(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof(achieve)．【答案】achievement【解析】考查名詞。此處的“a

real

sense

of”意為：一種真正的…；通常用作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞；而此處achieve的名詞形式。故填achievement.(2024·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe(develop)ofchopsticks.【答案】development【解析】考查詞性的改變。the＋名詞＋of，意為“……的……”，這里指“筷子的發(fā)展”，故填development.三、名詞專項(xiàng)綜合訓(xùn)練（本題共10小題，每題1.5分，共15分）Everyonedesirestosucceed.However,thereisnoshortcutto_______1____(succeed).Wehavetomakegood______2_____(prepare)andkeepontryingbeforewefinallyachieveour____3______(goal).TakeSteveJobsasanexample.Hedroppedoutofuniversityinhis_____4_____(twenty)，buthealwaysattendedmany_____5___(class)andgrabbedeverychancetostudy.Whenhedesignedthe_____6_______(product)ofiPodandiPhone，hemadegreat_______7____(effort)torealizehisideas.Hesufferedone_____8___(fa